In:
Neurourology and Urodynamics, Wiley, Vol. 38, No. 8 ( 2019-11), p. 2159-2169
Abstract:
We investigated the effects of Ba‐Wei‐Die‐Huang‐Wan (BWDHW) on ketamine‐induced cystitis (KIC) in a rat model. Methods Female Sprague‐Dawley rats were distributed into three groups: control (saline), ketamine (25 mg/kg/day for 28 days), or ketamine (25 mg/kg/day for 28 days) plus BWDHW (90 mg/kg/day, started from day 14). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), metabolic cage study, and cystometry were evaluated. Bladder histology was evaluated. Western blots of the bladder proteins were carried out. Results Compared with controls, ketamine‐treated rats showed stronger fMRI intensity in the periaqueductal gray area and bladder overactivity in the bladder functional study, but the ketamine/BWDHW‐treated rats did not. Furthermore, ketamine breached the uroplakin III membrane at the apical surface of the urothelium, enhanced substance P spread over the urothelium, induced suburothelial hemorrhage and monocyte/macrophage infiltration, and caused interstitial fibrosis deposition. By contrast, the BWDHW‐treated rats exhibited less substance P spread, lower suburothelial monocyte/macrophage infiltration, and lower interstitial fibrosis deposition. The ketamine group showed significant overexpression of neuroreceptors in the bladder mucosa (the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and M 2 ‐ and M 3 ‐muscarinic receptors) and detrusor (M 2 ‐ and M 3 ‐muscarinic receptors); inflammatory mediators in the detrusor (interleukin‐1β [IL‐1β], IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐α, nuclear factor‐κB, cyclooxygenase‐2, and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1); and fibrogenesis molecules in the detrusor (transforming growth factor‐β1, collagen I, collagen III, and fibronectin). However, no significant changes were noted between the ketamine/BWDHW and control groups. Conclusion BWDHW could exert therapeutic effects by inhibiting the upregulation of neuroreceptors, modulating inflammatory mediators, suppressing fibrogenesis, and ameliorating bladder overactivity in rats with KIC.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
0733-2467
,
1520-6777
Language:
English
Publisher:
Wiley
Publication Date:
2019
detail.hit.zdb_id:
1500793-5
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