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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Diversity and characterization of bacterial communities of five co‐occurring species at a hydrothermal vent on the Tonga Arc
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Ecology and Evolution Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2021-05), p. 4481-4493
    Details
    In: Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2021-05), p. 4481-4493
    Abstract: Host–symbiont relationships in hydrothermal vent ecosystems, supported by chemoautotrophic bacteria as primary producers, have been extensively studied. However, the process by which densely populated co‐occurring invertebrate hosts form symbiotic relationships with bacterial symbionts remains unclear. Here, we analyzed gill‐associated symbiotic bacteria (gill symbionts) of five co‐occurring hosts, three mollusks (“ Bathymodiolus ” manusensis , B . brevior , and Alviniconcha strummeri ) and two crustaceans ( Rimicaris variabilis and Austinograea alayseae ), collected together at a single vent site in the Tonga Arc. We observed both different compositions of gill symbionts and the presence of unshared operational taxonomic units (OTUs). In addition, the total number of OTUs was greater for crustacean hosts than for mollusks. The phylogenetic relationship trees of gill symbionts suggest that γ‐proteobacterial gill symbionts have coevolved with their hosts toward reinforcement of host specificity, while campylobacterial Sulfurovum species found across various hosts and habitats are opportunistic associates. Our results confirm that gill symbiont communities differ among co‐occurring vent invertebrates and indicate that hosts are closely related with their gill symbiont communities. Considering the given resources available at a single site, differentiation of gill symbionts seems to be a useful strategy for obtaining nutrition and energy while avoiding competition among both hosts and gill symbionts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-7758 , 2045-7758
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.v11.9
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7343
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2635675-2
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  • 2
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    Continental margin sediments underlying the NE Pacific oxygen minimum zone are a source of nitrous oxide to the water column
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Limnology and Oceanography Letters Vol. 6, No. 2 ( 2021-04), p. 68-76
    Details
    In: Limnology and Oceanography Letters, Wiley, Vol. 6, No. 2 ( 2021-04), p. 68-76
    Abstract: Continental margin sediments are important sites of marine nitrogen cycling and potential contributors to atmospheric N 2 O emissions. We employed trace‐level N 2 O microsensors to measure vertical N 2 O profiles at submillimeter resolutions in intact cores from outer continental margin sediments underlying the NE Pacific oxygen minimum zone. We used mathematical modeling to estimate depth‐dependent rates of N 2 O production and fluxes to the overlying water along a transect of diminishing bottom water oxygen concentrations. Net sediment efflux was observed at all sites on the outer continental margin, with a mean value of 524 nmol m −2 d −1 . N 2 O efflux increased with decreased oxygen penetration depth in sediments. Enhanced N 2 O production and efflux were obtained when outer continental shelf sediments were experimentally exposed to lower bottom‐water O 2 concentrations, to simulate upwelling conditions. Our results underline the need for further investigation of the drivers of N 2 O production in continental margin sediments, and the relative importance of these environments to the global N 2 O budget.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2378-2242 , 2378-2242
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/lol2.v6.2
    DOI: 10.1002/lol2.10174
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2876718-4
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  • 3
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    Hydrothermal vent protistan distribution along the Mariana arc suggests vent endemics may be rare and novel
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Environmental Microbiology Vol. 21, No. 10 ( 2019-10), p. 3796-3815
    Details
    In: Environmental Microbiology, Wiley, Vol. 21, No. 10 ( 2019-10), p. 3796-3815
    Abstract: Elucidation of the potential roles of single‐celled eukaryotes (protists) in ecosystem function and trophodynamics in hydrothermal vent ecosystems is reliant on information regarding their abundance, distribution and preference for vent habitats. Using high‐throughput 18S rRNA gene sequencing on a diverse suite of hydrothermally influenced and background water samples, we assess the diversity and distribution of protists and identify potential vent endemics. We found that 95% of the recovered sequences belong to operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with a cosmopolitan distribution across vent and non‐vent habitats. Analysis of ‘vent only’ OTUs found in more than one vent sample and co‐occurrence network analysis comparing protist groups to extremophilic reference organisms suggest that the most likely vent endemics are infrequently encountered, potentially in low abundance, and belong to novel lineages, both at the phylum level and within defined clades of Rhizaria and Stramenopila. Potential endemism is inferred for relatives of known apusomonads, excavates and some clades of Syndiniales. Similarity in community composition among samples was low, indicating a strong stochastic component to protist community assembly and suggesting that rare endemics may serve as a reservoir poised to respond to changing environmental conditions in these dynamic systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1462-2912 , 1462-2920
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/emi.v21.10
    DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14729
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020213-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    SONAR BACKSCATTER DIFFERENTIATION OF DOMINANT MACROHABITAT TYPES IN A HYDROTHERMAL VENT FIELD
    Wiley ; 2006
    In:  Ecological Applications Vol. 16, No. 4 ( 2006-08), p. 1421-1435
    Details
    In: Ecological Applications, Wiley, Vol. 16, No. 4 ( 2006-08), p. 1421-1435
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1051-0761
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[1421:SBDODM]2.0.CO;2
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2010123-5
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 23
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  • 5
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    Canadian Healthy Oceans Network (CHONe): An Academic–Government Partnership to Develop Scientific Guidelines for Conservation and Sustainable Usage of Marine Biodiversity
    Wiley ; 2012
    In:  Fisheries Vol. 37, No. 7 ( 2012-07), p. 296-304
    Details
    In: Fisheries, Wiley, Vol. 37, No. 7 ( 2012-07), p. 296-304
    Abstract: El programa de la Red Canadiense de Ecosistemas Saludables (RCES) fue concebido para unificar a líderes académicos e investigadores de gobierno con manejadores de recursos de las agencias federales del Canadá, con el fin de lograr un mejor entendimiento de la información científica concerniente a la biodiversidad marina en el Pacífico, Atlántico y Ártico canadienses. En específico, la red está generando diversos productos para informar los compromisos políticos en temas de conservación y uso sostenible de la biodiversidad marina. La desconexión entre la investigación científica dirigida y su aplicación en políticas públicas, resulta en una falta de información científica relevante para tomar decisiones cuya resolución no puede esperar a la acumulación de conocimientos. Para reducir esta brecha, la investigación llevada a cabo en la RCES se estructura en tres tópicos integrados y entrelazados: biodiversidad marina, funcionamiento de ecosistemas y conectividad entre poblaciones. Los productos derivados de la RCES van desde mapas de líneas base, bases de datos y códigos de barras como herramienta para comprender procesos y monitorear cambios en el futuro; herramientas predictivas para maximizar el conocimiento de los patrones espaciales y temporales de la diversidad, herramientas analíticas y de muestreo para caracterizar y evaluar la relación entre hábitat y biodiversidad; marcos conceptuales para la toma de decisiones en el contexto del manejo integral y sustentable del océano, nuevos hallazgos sobre biodiversidad y funcionamiento de ecosistemas; hasta la emisión de sugerencias específicas, suplemento de datos, modelos y sistemas de información para apoyar los esfuerzos de ordenación marina.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-2415 , 1548-8446
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/03632415.2012.696002
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2192412-0
    SSG: 21,3
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    Remote monitoring of a deep‐sea marine protected area: The Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems Vol. 29, No. S2 ( 2019-10), p. 84-102
    Details
    In: Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, Wiley, Vol. 29, No. S2 ( 2019-10), p. 84-102
    Abstract: Deep‐sea marine protected areas (MPAs) present particular challenges for management. Their remote location means there is limited knowledge of species and habitat distribution, and rates and scales of change. Yet, evaluating the attainment of conservation objectives and managing the impact of human activities both require a quantitative understanding of natural variability in species composition/abundance and habitat conditions. Ocean Networks Canada (ONC) and Fisheries and Oceans Canada are collaborating in the development of remote monitoring tools for the Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents MPA in the north‐east Pacific. This 98.5 km 2 MPA, located 250 km offshore Vancouver Island, encompasses five major fields of hydrothermal vents, at depths of 2200–2400 m. A real‐time cabled observatory was installed at the Endeavour site in 2010. Scientific research for the conservation, protection and understanding of the area is permitted within the MPA and is the primary activity impacting the area. Research activities require the use of submersibles for sampling, surveying and observatory infrastructure maintenance. Data and imagery from remotely operated vehicle dives and fixed subsea observatory sensors are archived in real time using ONC's Oceans 2.0 software system, enabling evaluation of the spatial footprint of research activity in the MPA and the baseline level of natural ecosystem change. Recent examples of database queries that support MPA management include: (1) using ESRI ArcGIS spatial analysis tools to create kernel density ‘heat maps’ to quantify the intensity of sampling and survey activity within the MPA; and (2) quantifying high‐frequency variability in vent fauna and habitat using sensor and fixed camera data. Collaboration between researchers and MPA managers can help mitigate the logistical challenges of monitoring remote MPAs. Recognition at the policy level of the importance of such partnerships could facilitate the extension of scientific missions to support more formal monitoring programmes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1052-7613 , 1099-0755
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/aqc.v29.S2
    DOI: 10.1002/aqc.3020
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1146285-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496050-3
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    SSG: 14
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  • 7
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    Molecular study of bacterial diversity within the trophosome of the vestimentiferan tubeworm R idgeia piscesae
    Wiley ; 2015
    In:  Marine Ecology Vol. 36, No. S1 ( 2015-08), p. 35-44
    Details
    In: Marine Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 36, No. S1 ( 2015-08), p. 35-44
    Abstract: A large proportion of the faunal biomass in hydrothermal vent ecosystems relies on symbiotic relationships, with bacteria as a source of nutrition. Whereas multiple symbioses have been observed in diverse vent hosts, siboglinid tubeworms have been thought to harbour a single endosymbiont phylotype affiliated to the Gammaproteobacteria. In the case of the Northeast Pacific vestimentiferan Ridgeia piscesae , two previous studies suggested the presence of more than one symbiont. The possibility of multiple, and possibly habitat‐specific, symbionts in R. piscesae provided a potential explanation for the tubeworm's broad ecological niche, compared with other hydrothermal vent siboglinids. This study further explored the diversity of trophosome bacteria in R. piscesae using two methodological approaches not yet applied to this symbiosis. We carried out 454‐pyrosequencing on trophosome samples from 46 individual worms and used catalyzed reporter deposition‐fluorescence in situ hybridization ( CARD ‐ FISH ) to verify the presence of the major groups detected in the pyrotag data. Both methods yielded inconsistent and sometimes contradictory results between sampling sites, and neither provided irrefutable evidence for the presence of symbionts other than the expected Gammaproteobacteria. We therefore conclude that the other adaptive mechanisms must be considered to explain the broad physico‐chemical niche occupied by the different growth forms of R. piscesae .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0173-9565 , 1439-0485
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/maec.2015.36.issue-S1
    DOI: 10.1111/maec.12169
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020745-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 225578-9
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  • 8
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    Expert, Crowd, Students or Algorithm: who holds the key to deep‐sea imagery ‘big data’ processing?
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Methods in Ecology and Evolution Vol. 8, No. 8 ( 2017-08), p. 996-1004
    Details
    In: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, Vol. 8, No. 8 ( 2017-08), p. 996-1004
    Abstract: Recent technological development has increased our capacity to study the deep sea and the marine benthic realm, particularly with the development of multidisciplinary seafloor observatories. Since 2006, Ocean Networks Canada cabled observatories, have acquired nearly 65 TB and over 90 000 h of video data from seafloor cameras and remotely operated vehicles. Manual processing of these data is time‐consuming and highly labour‐intensive, and cannot be comprehensively undertaken by individual researchers. These videos are a crucial source of information for assessing natural variability and ecosystem responses to increasing human activity in the deep sea. We compared the performance of three groups of humans and one computer vision algorithm in counting individuals of the commercially important sablefish (or black cod) Anoplopoma fimbria , in recorded video from a cabled camera platform at 900 m depth in a submarine canyon in the Northeast Pacific. The first group of human observers were untrained volunteers recruited via a crowdsourcing platform and the second were experienced university students, who performed the task for their ichthyology class. Results were validated against counts obtained from a scientific expert. All groups produced relatively accurate results in comparison to the expert and all succeeded in detecting patterns and periodicities in fish abundance data. Trained volunteers displayed the highest accuracy and the algorithm the lowest. As seafloor observatories increase in number around the world, this study demonstrates the value of a hybrid combination of crowdsourcing and computer vision techniques as a tool to help process large volumes of imagery to support basic research and environmental monitoring. Reciprocally, by engaging large numbers of online participants in deep‐sea research, this approach can contribute significantly to ocean literacy and informed citizen input to policy development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2041-210X , 2041-210X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/mee3.2017.8.issue-8
    DOI: 10.1111/2041-210X.12746
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2528492-7
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  • 9
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    Free‐living bacterial communities associated with tubeworm ( R idgeia piscesae ) aggregations in contrasting diffuse flow hydrothermal vent habitats at the Main Endeavour Field, Juan de Fuca Ridge
    Wiley ; 2013
    In:  MicrobiologyOpen Vol. 2, No. 2 ( 2013-04), p. 259-275
    Details
    In: MicrobiologyOpen, Wiley, Vol. 2, No. 2 ( 2013-04), p. 259-275
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-8827 , 2045-8827
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.2013.2.issue-2
    DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.70
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661368-2
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  • 10
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    Protozoan–bacterial symbiosis in a deep‐sea hydrothermal vent folliculinid ciliate ( Folliculinopsis sp.) from the Juan de Fuca Ridge
    Wiley ; 2007
    In:  Marine Ecology Vol. 28, No. 1 ( 2007-03), p. 63-71
    Details
    In: Marine Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 28, No. 1 ( 2007-03), p. 63-71
    Abstract: This study provides a first description of the morphology of Blue Mats: sessile, colonial folliculinid ciliates ( Folliculinopsis sp.) that create dense bright blue carpets in certain Juan de Fuca Ridge vent fields and at vents elsewhere. In one area of widespread venting, for example, Blue Mats occupied approximately 70% of the substratum. The ultrastructure of the Blue Mat ciliates was investigated in samples from Axial Volcano on the Juan de Fuca Ridge using conventional scanning electron microscopy and thin section transmission electron microscopy. These Folliculinopsis sp. ciliates secrete and dwell in tubes (loricae). The loricae were colonized by both coccoid and filamentous bacteria‐like structures. Greater densities of coccoid‐ and short‐rod‐shaped bacteria were found between rows of cilia on the ciliate body (zooid) and especially on the peristomal lobes (arm‐like extensions typical to folliculinid ciliates). A coccoid bacterial morphotype (within and independent of a vacuole) was located throughout the ciliate cytoplasm. Groups of this organism clustered within vacuoles were regularly distributed along the ciliate cortex. Electron dense, vacuole‐bound features characterized by stacked membranous structures were also found within the ciliate cytoplasm. These results suggest the existence of at least an endosymbiosis between Folliculinopsis sp. ciliates and bacteria at hydrothermal vents. The chemolithoautotrophic nature of these symbiotic bacteria remains to be confirmed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a protozoan–bacterial symbiosis at vents, as well as the first reported symbiosis in folliculinid ciliates.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0173-9565 , 1439-0485
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/mae.2007.28.issue-1
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0485.2006.00118.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020745-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 225578-9
    SSG: 12
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