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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    The International Consortium Investigating Neurocognition in Bipolar Disorder ( ICONIC ‐ BD )
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Bipolar Disorders Vol. 21, No. 1 ( 2019-02), p. 6-10
    Details
    In: Bipolar Disorders, Wiley, Vol. 21, No. 1 ( 2019-02), p. 6-10
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1398-5647 , 1399-5618
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/bdi.2019.21.issue-1
    DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12748
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2001157-X
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  • 2
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    The genetics of functional disability in schizophrenia and bipolar illness: Methods and initial results for VA cooperative study #572
    Wiley ; 2014
    In:  American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics Vol. 165, No. 4 ( 2014-06), p. 381-389
    Details
    In: American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, Wiley, Vol. 165, No. 4 ( 2014-06), p. 381-389
    Abstract: Given the prominence of cognitive impairments and disability associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, substantial interest has arisen in identifying determinants of the diseases and their features. Genetic variation has been linked to skills that underlie disability (“functional capacity” or FC), highlighting need for understanding of these relationships. We describe the design and methods of a large, multisite, observational study focusing on the genetics of functional disability in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, presenting initial data on recruitment, and characterization of the sample. Known as Veterans Affairs (VA) Cooperative Studies Program (CSP)#572, this study is recruiting, diagnosing, and assessing U.S. Veterans with either schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder. Assessments include neuropsychological (NP) testing, FC, suicidality, and co‐morbid conditions such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A sample of “psychiatrically healthy” Veterans from another project serves as a comparison group. An interim total of 8,140 participants (42.1% schizophrenia) have been recruited and assessed as of September 30, 2013, with 9 months of enrollment remaining and with a target sample size of 9,500. Veterans with schizophrenia were more likely to never have married, whereas lifetime PTSD and suicidality were more common in the bipolar veterans. Performance on the FC measures and NP tests was consistent with previous results, with mean t‐scores of 35 (−1.5 SD) for schizophrenia and 41 (−0.9 SD) for the bipolar Veterans. This large population is representative of previous studies in terms of patient performance and co‐morbidities. Subsequent genomic analyses will examine the genomic correlates of performance‐based measures. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1552-4841 , 1552-485X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.v165.4
    DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32242
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2143866-3
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
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    The factor structure of clinical symptoms in mixed and manic episodes prior to and after antipsychotic treatment
    Wiley ; 2008
    In:  Bipolar Disorders Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2008-12), p. 900-906
    Details
    In: Bipolar Disorders, Wiley, Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2008-12), p. 900-906
    Abstract: Background:  While the factor structure of clinical symptoms in schizophrenia has been examined and provided crucial information about the illness, there is much less information available in bipolar disorder. This study examined the structure of symptoms of bipolar disorder at an unmedicated baseline assessment and after double‐blind treatment with ziprasidone, haloperidol, or placebo. We hypothesized, consistent with recent studies of schizophrenia, that the factor structure after treatment would be similar to the structure of untreated symptoms at study baseline. Methods:  Hospitalized patients with manic (n = 363) or mixed (n = 71) bipolar episodes were rated with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM‐D) and the Mania Rating Scale [(MRS); derived from the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia – Change Bipolar Scale]. After 21 days of double‐blind treatment, all patients were again rated with the MRS and HAM‐D. Results:  Exploratory orthogonal factor analysis (varimax rotation) including both HAM‐D total scores and the MRS items found different five‐factor solutions for mixed and manic patients at the unmedicated baseline assessment. Confirmatory modeling indicated that these models, with some modifications, fit the data well. At the endpoint, however, a single‐factor solution was found for mixed and manic groups. Implications:  Symptomatology in bipolar disorder is multifactorial in an acute and unmedicated state, with slightly different factor structures for mixed and manic episodes. Following treatment, a single severity dimension is detected. These results suggest that symptom dimensions in mania may be different from those seen in schizophrenia, where different elements of symptoms have been proven to have different functional correlates and treatment response.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1398-5647 , 1399-5618
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/bdi.2008.10.issue-8
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2008.00634.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 4
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    Revisiting the validity of measures of social cognitive bias in schizophrenia: Additional results from the Social Cognition Psychometric Evaluation (SCOPE) study
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  British Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol. 55, No. 4 ( 2016-11), p. 441-454
    Details
    In: British Journal of Clinical Psychology, Wiley, Vol. 55, No. 4 ( 2016-11), p. 441-454
    Abstract: The ongoing Social Cognition Psychometric Evaluation (SCOPE) study is in the process of forming a gold‐standard battery of social cognition tests for use in clinical trials. Previous SCOPE phases have not acknowledged key differences between social cognition skills and biases, and psychometric validity analyses might provide important information if tailored to bias‐related outcomes. This study aims to validate these measures with such bias‐related outcomes. Methods Two measures of social cognitive bias – the Ambiguous Intention Hostility Questionnaire (AIHQ; hostile attribution bias) and Trustworthiness Task (distrust bias) – were reviewed according to their relationships to (1) current and prospective symptom levels, (2) questionnaires of trait paranoia and hostility and informant‐rated hostility, (3) interpersonal conflict, as well as (4) relationships to measures of trait paranoia, hostility, and interpersonal conflict above and beyond the influence of clinically rated symptoms. Results Results supported hypotheses that social cognitive bias provides information about cognition, symptoms, and functioning related to interpersonal conflict. Each bias demonstrated relationships to trait paranoia questionnaires, hostility, or interpersonal conflict outcomes, and these persisted above and beyond the influence of clinically rated symptoms. Hostile attribution bias also predicted change in symptom levels over a brief interval. Conclusions Overall, the current bias‐specific psychometric analysis provides support for continued study of social cognitive biases. Practitioner points Hostile attribution bias may play a role in important outcome variables given relationships to emotional discomfort and suspiciousness symptoms, trait paranoia and hostility, interpersonal conflict, as well as prospective hostility symptoms. Distrust bias may also impact real‐world functioning, as it is related to hostility, suspiciousness, and positive symptoms, trait paranoia, and hostility. Relationships of social cognitive biases to interpersonal conflict outcomes exist independently of interview‐rated symptoms and persist above and beyond the influence of social cognitive skills, which appear to demonstrate weaker relationships to these outcomes. Understanding and assessing the individual's biases towards distrust or blame might help practioners predict interpersonal conflict and future increases in symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0144-6657 , 2044-8260
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/bjc.2016.55.issue-4
    DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12113
    RVK:
    CL 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491701-4
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 5
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    Situational context influences the degree of hostile attributions made by individuals with schizophrenia or autism spectrum disorder
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  British Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol. 60, No. 2 ( 2021-06), p. 160-176
    Details
    In: British Journal of Clinical Psychology, Wiley, Vol. 60, No. 2 ( 2021-06), p. 160-176
    Abstract: Previous work has demonstrated that the tendency to make hostile attributions is not a stable trait but varies across different social situations. Therefore, we sought to investigate whether hostile attributions within clinical samples are better understood as a persistent characteristic or one that varies across contexts. Methods The current analyses investigated patterns of attributions among people diagnosed with schizophrenia (SCZ, n  = 271) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD, n  = 100) and non‐clinical control participants (NCC, n  = 233) in an existing data set. Results Results showed that specific relational features in vignettes portraying different social encounters influence the way people make attributions and that variability across contexts is present in both non‐clinical and clinical populations. Like non‐clinical participants, participants diagnosed with ASD ascribed the greatest hostility to a scene involving an authority figure. In contrast, SCZ participants reported the greatest hostility in response to a scene involving a friend. Conclusions These findings suggest that salient environmental factors should be considered when assessing social cognitive skills and biases. Practitioner points Hostile attributions should be perceived as situational constructs rather than stable and persistent characteristics. Hostile attributions were most prevalent among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia; however, on average, all participants showed greater hostility for situations involving an authority figure, an acquaintance, or a friend relative to those involving a co‐worker or stranger. Psychotherapists and clinicians working with people diagnosed with schizophrenia or autism spectrum disorder could work on identifying situation triggers, which may prompt hostile attributions. Psycho‐educational and psychotherapeutic interventions can be altered based on individual triggers of hostile attributions, and attempts can be made to lessen these attributions. Paranoia appears to be linked to hostile attributions regardless of the specific clinical diagnosis and should be considered in the therapeutic process.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0144-6657 , 2044-8260
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/bjc.v60.2
    DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12283
    RVK:
    CL 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491701-4
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 6
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    Neurocognitive impairment in bipolar disorder patients: functional implications
    Wiley ; 2009
    In:  Bipolar Disorders Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2009-03), p. 113-125
    Details
    In: Bipolar Disorders, Wiley, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2009-03), p. 113-125
    Abstract: Background:  Functional recovery among treated bipolar disorder (BPD) patients is far less likely than syndromal and even symptomatic recovery. We hypothesized that increasingly well‐documented aspects of cognitive impairment may contribute to poor functional outcomes in BPD patients, and reviewed the available research on the topic. Methods:  Computerized literature searching identified 12 studies with 13 comparisons that simultaneously evaluated cognitive and functional status in euthymic (n = 8) or non‐euthymic (n = 5 comparisons) adult BPD patients versus otherwise similar healthy controls. Results:  In 6/8 studies of euthymic BPD patients and 5/5 studies of non‐euthymic BPD patients, neurocognitive impairment was significantly associated with impaired psychosocial functioning, even after adjusting for residual mood symptoms and relevant demographic and clinical variables. Cognitive status was consistently assessed with standardized, performance‐based neuropsychological tests, but functional status usually was based on subjective self‐appraisals. Approximately 55% of BPD patients were unemployed. Conclusions:  Available studies are limited by subjective assessments of functional status rather than objective, performance‐based measures. Nevertheless, they support the hypothesis that enduring aspects of cognitive impairment found even in euthymic BPD patients are associated with inferior functioning. These findings encourage further studies with better assessment methods and greater rehabilitative efforts in BPD patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1398-5647 , 1399-5618
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/bdi.2009.11.issue-2
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00665.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 7
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    Factors associated with functional recovery in bipolar disorder patients : Functional recovery in bipolar disorder
    Wiley ; 2010
    In:  Bipolar Disorders Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2010-05), p. 319-326
    Details
    In: Bipolar Disorders, Wiley, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2010-05), p. 319-326
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1398-5647 , 1399-5618
    URL: Issue
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/bdi.2010.12.issue-3
    DOI: 10.1111/(ISSN)1399-5618
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2010.00808.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2010
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  • 8
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    Relationship of the Brief UCSD Performance-based Skills Assessment (UPSA-B) to multiple indicators of functioning in people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
    Wiley ; 2010
    In:  Bipolar Disorders Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2010-02), p. 45-55
    Details
    In: Bipolar Disorders, Wiley, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2010-02), p. 45-55
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1398-5647 , 1399-5618
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/bdi.2010.12.issue-1
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00787.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2010
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  • 9
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    Twenty‐year progression of body mass index in a county‐wide cohort of people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder identified at their first episode of psychosis
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Bipolar Disorders Vol. 19, No. 5 ( 2017-08), p. 336-343
    Details
    In: Bipolar Disorders, Wiley, Vol. 19, No. 5 ( 2017-08), p. 336-343
    Abstract: There is an increased prevalence of obesity in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, leading to a disproportionate risk of adverse health conditions. Prospective, long‐term weight gain data, however, are scarce. Methods We analyzed data from the Suffolk County Mental Health Project cohort of consecutive first admissions with psychosis recruited from September 1989 to December 1995 and subsequently followed for 20 years, focusing on people with schizophrenia (n=146) and bipolar disorder (n=87). The time course of weight gain was examined using a 2 (group)×5 (time) mixed‐model repeated measures ANOVA , and body mass index ( BMI ) scores at the first (6 months) and second (2 years) assessments were compared to examine whether early overweight predicted later obesity. Results There was a statistically significant effect of time ( F (1,210)=68.06, P 〈 .001) and diagnosis ( F (1,210)=29.18, P 〈 .001) on BMI , but not the interaction of time×diagnosis ( F (1,210)=0.88, P =.48). Most participants had normal BMI s at the first two assessments. Early overweight was a predictor of eventual obesity for both groups. At the 20‐year follow‐ups, approximately 50% of the bipolar and 62% of the schizophrenia sample were obese, with a greater prevalence of obesity in schizophrenia at each assessment (all P 〈 .02), except for years 4 ( P =.12) and 20 ( P =.27). Conclusions Nearly two‐thirds of the participants with schizophrenia and over half of those with bipolar disorder were obese 20 years after first hospitalization for psychosis, considerably higher than the rate for adults in New York State (27%). Early intervention may be required to prevent long‐term consequences of obesity‐related morbidity and mortality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1398-5647 , 1399-5618
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/bdi.2017.19.issue-5
    DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12505
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 10
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    Heterogeneity of social cognitive performance in autism and schizophrenia
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Autism Research Vol. 15, No. 8 ( 2022-08), p. 1522-1534
    Details
    In: Autism Research, Wiley, Vol. 15, No. 8 ( 2022-08), p. 1522-1534
    Abstract: Autistic adults and those with schizophrenia (SCZ) demonstrate similar levels of reduced social cognitive performance at the group level, but it is unclear whether these patterns are relatively consistent or highly variable within and between the two conditions. Seventy‐two adults with SCZ (52 male, M age  = 28.2 years) and 94 with diagnoses on the autism spectrum (83 male, M age  = 24.2 years) without intellectual disability completed a comprehensive social cognitive battery. Latent profile analysis identified four homogeneous subgroups that were compared on their diagnosis, independent living skills, neurocognition, and symptomatology. Two groups showed normative performance across most social cognitive tasks but were differentiated by one having significantly higher hostility and blaming biases. Autistic participants were more likely to demonstrate fully normative performance (46.8%) than participants with SCZ, whereas normative performance in SCZ was more likely to co‐occur with increased hostility and blaming biases (36.1%). Approximately 43% of participants in the full sample were classified into the remaining two groups showing low or very low performance. These participants tended to perform worse on neurocognitive tests and have lower IQ and fewer independent living skills. The prevalence of low performance on social cognitive tasks was comparable across clinical groups. However, nearly half of autistic participants demonstrated normative social cognitive performance, challenging assumptions that reduced social cognitive performance is inherent to the condition. Subgrouping also revealed a meaningful distinction between the clinical groups: participants with SCZ were more likely to demonstrate hostility biases than autistic participants, even when social cognitive performance was otherwise in the typical range. Lay Summary Social cognition refers to the perception and interpretation of social information. Previous research has shown that both autistic people and those with schizophrenia demonstrate reduced performance on traditional social cognitive tasks, which we replicate here at the group level. However, we also found that almost half of autistic participants performed in the normal range. Over a third of participants with schizophrenia did as well, but for them this performance was accompanied by a hostility bias not commonly found in the autistic sample. Taken together, findings challenge assumptions that difficulties in social cognition are a uniform characteristic of these clinical conditions in those without intellectual disability.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1939-3792 , 1939-3806
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/aur.v15.8
    DOI: 10.1002/aur.2730
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2418112-2
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