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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Neural modelling of the semantic predictability gain under challenging listening conditions
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Human Brain Mapping Vol. 42, No. 1 ( 2021-01), p. 110-127
    Details
    In: Human Brain Mapping, Wiley, Vol. 42, No. 1 ( 2021-01), p. 110-127
    Abstract: When speech intelligibility is reduced, listeners exploit constraints posed by semantic context to facilitate comprehension. The left angular gyrus (AG) has been argued to drive this semantic predictability gain. Taking a network perspective, we ask how the connectivity within language‐specific and domain‐general networks flexibly adapts to the predictability and intelligibility of speech. During continuous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), participants repeated sentences, which varied in semantic predictability of the final word and in acoustic intelligibility. At the neural level, highly predictable sentences led to stronger activation of left‐hemispheric semantic regions including subregions of the AG (PGa, PGp) and posterior middle temporal gyrus when speech became more intelligible. The behavioural predictability gain of single participants mapped onto the same regions but was complemented by increased activity in frontal and medial regions. Effective connectivity from PGa to PGp increased for more intelligible sentences. In contrast, inhibitory influence from pre‐supplementary motor area to left insula was strongest when predictability and intelligibility of sentences were either lowest or highest. This interactive effect was negatively correlated with the behavioural predictability gain. Together, these results suggest that successful comprehension in noisy listening conditions relies on an interplay of semantic regions and concurrent inhibition of cognitive control regions when semantic cues are available.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1065-9471 , 1097-0193
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/hbm.v42.1
    DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25208
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 2
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    The neural correlates of morphological complexity processing: Detecting structure in pseudowords
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Human Brain Mapping Vol. 39, No. 6 ( 2018-06), p. 2317-2328
    Details
    In: Human Brain Mapping, Wiley, Vol. 39, No. 6 ( 2018-06), p. 2317-2328
    Abstract: Morphological complexity is a highly debated issue in visual word recognition. Previous neuroimaging studies have shown that speakers are sensitive to degrees of morphological complexity. Two‐step derived complex words ( bridging through bridge N   〉   bridge V   〉   bridging ) led to more enhanced activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus than their 1‐step derived counterparts ( running through run V   〉   running ). However, it remains unclear whether sensitivity to degrees of morphological complexity extends to pseudowords. If this were the case, it would indicate that abstract knowledge of morphological structure is independent of lexicality. We addressed this question by investigating the processing of two sets of pseudowords in German. Both sets contained morphologically viable two‐step derived pseudowords differing in the number of derivational steps required to access an existing lexical representation and therefore the degree of structural analysis expected during processing. Using a 2 × 2 factorial design, we found lexicality effects to be distinct from processing signatures relating to structural analysis in pseudowords. Semantically‐driven processes such as lexical search showed a more frontal distribution while combinatorial processes related to structural analysis engaged more parietal parts of the network. Specifically, more complex pseudowords showed increased activation in parietal regions (right superior parietal lobe and left precuneus) relative to pseudowords that required less structural analysis to arrive at an existing lexical representation. As the two sets were matched on cohort size and surface form, these results highlight the role of internal levels of morphological structure even in forms that do not possess a lexical representation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1065-9471 , 1097-0193
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/hbm.v39.6
    DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23975
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 3
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    Neural correlates of intonation and lexical tone in tonal and non‐tonal language speakers
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Human Brain Mapping Vol. 41, No. 7 ( 2020-05), p. 1842-1858
    Details
    In: Human Brain Mapping, Wiley, Vol. 41, No. 7 ( 2020-05), p. 1842-1858
    Abstract: Intonation, the modulation of pitch in speech, is a crucial aspect of language that is processed in right‐hemispheric regions, beyond the classical left‐hemispheric language system. Whether or not this notion generalises across languages remains, however, unclear. Particularly, tonal languages are an interesting test case because of the dual linguistic function of pitch that conveys lexical meaning in form of tone, in addition to intonation. To date, only few studies have explored how intonation is processed in tonal languages, how this compares to tone and between tonal and non‐tonal language speakers. The present fMRI study addressed these questions by testing Mandarin and German speakers with Mandarin material. Both groups categorised mono‐syllabic Mandarin words in terms of intonation, tone, and voice gender. Systematic comparisons of brain activity of the two groups between the three tasks showed large cross‐linguistic commonalities in the neural processing of intonation in left fronto‐parietal, right frontal, and bilateral cingulo‐opercular regions. These areas are associated with general phonological, specific prosodic, and controlled categorical decision‐making processes, respectively. Tone processing overlapped with intonation processing in left fronto‐parietal areas, in both groups, but evoked additional activity in bilateral temporo‐parietal semantic regions and subcortical areas in Mandarin speakers only. Together, these findings confirm cross‐linguistic commonalities in the neural implementation of intonation processing but dissociations for semantic processing of tone only in tonal language speakers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1065-9471 , 1097-0193
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/hbm.v41.7
    DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24916
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 4
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    Right‐hemispheric processing of non‐linguistic word features: Implications for mapping language recovery after stroke
    Wiley ; 2013
    In:  Human Brain Mapping Vol. 34, No. 6 ( 2013-06), p. 1293-1305
    Details
    In: Human Brain Mapping, Wiley, Vol. 34, No. 6 ( 2013-06), p. 1293-1305
    Abstract: Verbal stimuli often induce right‐hemispheric activation in patients with aphasia after left‐hemispheric stroke. This right‐hemispheric activation is commonly attributed to functional reorganization within the language system. Yet previous evidence suggests that functional activation in right‐hemispheric homologues of classic left‐hemispheric language areas may partly be due to processing nonlinguistic perceptual features of verbal stimuli. We used functional MRI (fMRI) to clarify the role of the right hemisphere in the perception of nonlinguistic word features in healthy individuals. Participants made perceptual, semantic, or phonological decisions on the same set of auditorily and visually presented word stimuli. Perceptual decisions required judgements about stimulus‐inherent changes in font size (visual modality) or fundamental frequency contour (auditory modality). The semantic judgement required subjects to decide whether a stimulus is natural or man‐made; the phonologic decision required a decision on whether a stimulus contains two or three syllables. Compared to phonologic or semantic decision, nonlinguistic perceptual decisions resulted in a stronger right‐hemispheric activation. Specifically, the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), an area previously suggested to support language recovery after left‐hemispheric stroke, displayed modality‐independent activation during perceptual processing of word stimuli. Our findings indicate that activation of the right hemisphere during language tasks may, in some instances, be driven by a “nonlinguistic perceptual processing” mode that focuses on nonlinguistic word features. This raises the possibility that stronger activation of right inferior frontal areas during language tasks in aphasic patients with left‐hemispheric stroke may at least partially reflect increased attentional focus on nonlinguistic perceptual aspects of language. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1065-9471 , 1097-0193
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/hbm.v34.6
    DOI: 10.1002/hbm.21512
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 5
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    Intonation processing increases task‐specific fronto‐temporal connectivity in tonal language speakers
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Human Brain Mapping Vol. 42, No. 1 ( 2021-01), p. 161-174
    Details
    In: Human Brain Mapping, Wiley, Vol. 42, No. 1 ( 2021-01), p. 161-174
    Abstract: Language comprehension depends on tight functional interactions between distributed brain regions. While these interactions are established for semantic and syntactic processes, the functional network of speech intonation – the linguistic variation of pitch – has been scarcely defined. Particularly little is known about intonation in tonal languages, in which pitch not only serves intonation but also expresses meaning via lexical tones. The present study used psychophysiological interaction analyses of functional magnetic resonance imaging data to characterise the neural networks underlying intonation and tone processing in native Mandarin Chinese speakers. Participants categorised either intonation or tone of monosyllabic Mandarin words that gradually varied between statement and question and between Tone 2 and Tone 4. Intonation processing induced bilateral fronto‐temporal activity and increased functional connectivity between left inferior frontal gyrus and bilateral temporal regions, likely linking auditory perception and labelling of intonation categories in a phonological network. Tone processing induced bilateral temporal activity, associated with the auditory representation of tonal (phonemic) categories. Together, the present data demonstrate the breadth of the functional intonation network in a tonal language including higher‐level phonological processes in addition to auditory representations common to both intonation and tone.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1065-9471 , 1097-0193
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/hbm.v42.1
    DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25214
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 6
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    The use of noninvasive brain stimulation techniques to improve reading difficulties in dyslexia: A systematic review
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Human Brain Mapping Vol. 43, No. 3 ( 2022-02-15), p. 1157-1173
    Details
    In: Human Brain Mapping, Wiley, Vol. 43, No. 3 ( 2022-02-15), p. 1157-1173
    Abstract: Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) allows to actively and noninvasively modulate brain function. Aside from inhibiting specific processes, NIBS may also enhance cognitive functions, which might be used for the prevention and intervention of learning disabilities such as dyslexia. However, despite the growing interest in modulating learning abilities, a comprehensive, up‐to‐date review synthesizing NIBS studies with dyslexics is missing. Here, we fill this gap and elucidate the potential of NIBS as treatment option in dyslexia. The findings of the 15 included studies suggest that repeated sessions of reading training combined with different NIBS protocols may induce long‐lasting improvements of reading performance in child and adult dyslexics, opening promising avenues for future research. In particular, the “classical” reading areas seem to be most successfully modulated through NIBS, and facilitatory protocols can improve various reading‐related subprocesses. Moreover, we emphasize the need to further explore the potential to modulate auditory cortex function as a preintervention and intervention approach for affected children, for example, to avoid the development of auditory and phonological difficulties at the core of dyslexia. Finally, we outline how future studies may increase our understanding of the neurobiological basis of NIBS‐induced improvements in dyslexia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1065-9471 , 1097-0193
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/hbm.v43.3
    DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25700
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 7
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    Differential contributions of inferior frontal gyrus subregions to sentence processing guided by intonation
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Human Brain Mapping Vol. 44, No. 2 ( 2023-02), p. 585-598
    Details
    In: Human Brain Mapping, Wiley, Vol. 44, No. 2 ( 2023-02), p. 585-598
    Abstract: Auditory sentence comprehension involves processing content (semantics), grammar (syntax), and intonation (prosody). The left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) is involved in sentence comprehension guided by these different cues, with neuroimaging studies preferentially locating syntactic and semantic processing in separate IFG subregions. However, this regional specialisation has not been confirmed with a neurostimulation method. Consequently, the causal role of such a specialisation remains unclear. This study probed the role of the posterior IFG (pIFG) for syntactic processing and the anterior IFG (aIFG) for semantic processing with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in a task that required the interpretation of the sentence's prosodic realisation. Healthy participants performed a sentence completion task with syntactic and semantic decisions, while receiving 10 Hz rTMS over either left aIFG, pIFG, or vertex (control). Initial behavioural analyses showed an inhibitory effect on accuracy without task‐specificity. However, electric field simulations revealed differential effects for both subregions. In the aIFG, stronger stimulation led to slower semantic processing, with no effect of pIFG stimulation. In contrast, we found a facilitatory effect on syntactic processing in both aIFG and pIFG, where higher stimulation strength was related to faster responses. Our results provide first evidence for the functional relevance of left aIFG in semantic processing guided by intonation. The stimulation effect on syntactic responses emphasises the importance of the IFG for syntax processing, without supporting the hypothesis of a pIFG‐specific involvement. Together, the results support the notion of functionally specialised IFG subregions for diverse but fundamental cues for language processing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1065-9471 , 1097-0193
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/hbm.v44.2
    DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26086
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 8
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    Dissociating semantic and phonological contributions of the left inferior frontal gyrus to language production
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Human Brain Mapping Vol. 40, No. 11 ( 2019-08), p. 3279-3287
    Details
    In: Human Brain Mapping, Wiley, Vol. 40, No. 11 ( 2019-08), p. 3279-3287
    Abstract: While the involvement of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in language production is undisputed, the role of specific subregions at different representational levels remains unclear. Some studies suggest a division of anterior and posterior regions for semantic and phonological processing, respectively. Crucially, evidence thus far only comes from correlative neuroimaging studies, but the functional relevance of the involvement of these subregions during a given task remains elusive. We applied repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over anterior and posterior IFG (aIFG/pIFG), and vertex as a control site, while participants performed a category member and a rhyme generation task. We found a functional‐anatomical double dissociation between tasks and subregions. Naming latencies were significantly delayed in the semantic task when rTMS was applied to aIFG (relative to pIFG and vertex). In contrast, we observed a facilitation of naming latencies in the phonological task when rTMS was applied to pIFG (relative to aIFG and vertex). The results provide first causal evidence for the notion that anterior portions of the IFG are selectively recruited for semantic processing while posterior regions are functionally specific for phonological processing during word production. These findings shed light on the functional parcellation of the left IFG in language production.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1065-9471 , 1097-0193
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/hbm.v40.11
    DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24597
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
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