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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparing wavelet and Fourier perspectives on the decomposition of meridional energy transport into synoptic and planetary components
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society Vol. 146, No. 731 ( 2020-07), p. 2717-2730
    Details
    In: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Wiley, Vol. 146, No. 731 ( 2020-07), p. 2717-2730
    Abstract: The Arctic region shows some of the world's most significant signs of climate change; for instance, a negative trend in summer sea‐ice cover of around 15% per decade and Arctic amplified surface‐air warming that is three times the global average. The atmospheric energy transport plays an important role in the Arctic climate. Recently a Fourier‐based method for studying the atmospheric energy transport contribution by planetary‐ and synoptic‐scale waves has been proposed. Recent studies based on this method show that planetary waves contribute more than synoptic waves to the atmospheric energy transport into the Arctic. However, this Fourier method suffers from being incapable of resolving spatially localized systems such as cyclones. Here an attempt to evaluate this problem is presented by applying the method on synthetic and reanalysis data. In addition, an alternative method based on a wavelet decomposition is proposed and compared with the Fourier‐based method. The wavelet method is based on localized basis functions which should be capable of resolving these localized systems. The wavelet method shows an impact of synoptic‐scale transport on Arctic temperatures which is not captured by the Fourier method, whilst the planetary‐scale effect of both methods appears similar.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0035-9009 , 1477-870X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/qj.v146.731
    DOI: 10.1002/qj.3813
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 7650
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3142-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2089168-4
    SSG: 14
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Arctic amplification enhanced by latent energy transport of atmospheric planetary waves
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society Vol. 142, No. 698 ( 2016-07), p. 2046-2054
    Details
    In: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Wiley, Vol. 142, No. 698 ( 2016-07), p. 2046-2054
    Abstract: The atmospheric northward energy transport plays a crucial role for the Arctic climate; this transport brings to the Arctic an amount of energy comparable to that provided directly by the sun. The transport is accomplished by atmospheric waves–for instance large‐scale planetary waves and meso‐scale cyclones–and the zonal‐mean circulation. These different components of the energy transport impact the Arctic climate differently. A split of the transport into stationary and transient waves constitutes a traditional way of decomposing the transport. However this procedure does not take into account the transport accomplished separately by the planetary and synoptic‐scale waves. Here a Fourier decomposition is applied, which decomposes the transport with respect to zonal wave numbers. Reanalysis and model data reveal that the planetary waves impact Arctic temperatures much more than do synoptic‐scale waves. In addition the latent transport by these waves affects the Arctic climate more than does the dry‐static part. Finally, the EC‐Earth model suggests that changes of the energy transport over the twentyfirst century will contribute to Arctic warming, despite the fact that in this model the total energy transport to the Arctic will decrease. This apparent contradictory result is due to the cooling induced by a decrease of the dry‐static transport by planetary waves being more than compensated for by a warming caused by the latent counterpart.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0035-9009 , 1477-870X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/qj.2016.142.issue-698
    DOI: 10.1002/qj.2802
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 7650
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3142-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2089168-4
    SSG: 14
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An objective global climatology of polar lows based on reanalysis data
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society Vol. 144, No. 716 ( 2018-10), p. 2099-2117
    Details
    In: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Wiley, Vol. 144, No. 716 ( 2018-10), p. 2099-2117
    Abstract: Here we present an objective global climatology of polar lows. In order to obtain objective detection criteria, the efficacy of several parameters for separating polar lows from other cyclones has been compared. The comparison and the climatology are based on the ERA‐Interim reanalysis from 1979 to 2016 and the high‐resolution Arctic System Reanalysis from 2000 to 2012. The most effective parameters in separating polar lows from other extratropical cyclones were found to be the difference between the sea‐level pressure at the centre of the low and its surroundings, the difference in the potential temperature between the sea surface and the 500 hPa level, and the tropopause wind speed poleward of the system. Other parameters often used to identify polar lows, such as the 10 m wind speed and the temperature difference between the sea surface and the 700 hPa level, were found to be less effective. The climatologies reveal that polar lows occur in all marine basins at high latitudes, but with high occurrence density in the vicinity of the sea‐ice edge and coastal zones. The regions showing the highest degree of polar‐low activity are the Denmark Strait and the Nordic Seas, especially for the most intense polar lows. In the North Atlantic and Pacific, the main polar‐low season ranges from November to March. In the Southern Hemisphere, polar lows are mainly detected between 50 and 65°S from April to October, indicating that this hemisphere compared to its northern counterpart has a two months longer, but less intense, polar‐low season. No significant hemispheric long‐term trends are observed, although some regions, such as the Denmark Strait and the Nordic Seas, experience significant downward and upward trends in polar lows, respectively, over the last decades. For intense polar lows, a significant declining trend has been observed for the Northern Hemisphere.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0035-9009 , 1477-870X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/qj.2018.144.issue-716
    DOI: 10.1002/qj.3309
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 7650
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3142-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2089168-4
    SSG: 14
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Atmospheric moisture transport between mid‐latitudes and the Arctic: Regional, seasonal and vertical distributions
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Climatology Vol. 39, No. 6 ( 2019-05), p. 2862-2879
    Details
    In: International Journal of Climatology, Wiley, Vol. 39, No. 6 ( 2019-05), p. 2862-2879
    Abstract: Horizontal moisture transport has a manifold role in the Arctic climate system as it distributes atmospheric water vapour and thereby shapes the radiative and hydrological conditions. Moisture transport between the Arctic and the mid‐latitudes was examined based on ERA‐Interim reanalysis. The meridional net transport is only a small part of the water vapour exchange between the Arctic and mid‐latitudes and does not give a complete view of temporal and spatial variations in the transport. Especially near the surface, most of the northwards moisture transport is balanced by the southwards transport, and therefore the meridional net moisture transport at 60°–70°N peaks approximately at 100 hPa higher altitude than the northwards and southwards moisture transports. The total moisture transport (sum of absolute northwards and southwards moisture transports) has a much larger seasonal variation than the net transport (mean meridional transport), and the strength of the total transport is related to atmospheric humidity rather than the wind field. Strong individual moisture transport events contribute to a large part of the northwards moisture transport. This is consistent with the result that the net moisture transport is essentially generated by temporal variations of moisture fluxes. The moisture transport due to stationary zonal variation in the mass flux mostly defines the spatial distribution of the meridional moisture transport. The seasonal cycle of the net moisture transport is related to the seasonal cycle of transient eddy moisture transport but inter‐annual variations of the net moisture transport are largely influenced by the stationary eddy moisture transport.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0899-8418 , 1097-0088
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.2019.39.issue-6
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.5988
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491204-1
    SSG: 14
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of the tropospheric large‐scale circulation on European winter temperatures during the period of amplified Arctic warming
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Climatology Vol. 40, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 509-529
    Details
    In: International Journal of Climatology, Wiley, Vol. 40, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 509-529
    Abstract: We investigate factors influencing European winter (DJFM) air temperatures for the period 1979–2015 with the focus on changes during the recent period of rapid Arctic warming (1998–2015). We employ meteorological reanalyses analysed with a combination of correlation analysis, two pattern clustering techniques, and back‐trajectory airmass identification. In all five selected European regions, severe cold winter events lasting at least 4 days are significantly correlated with warm Arctic episodes. Relationships during opposite conditions of warm Europe/cold Arctic are also significant. Correlations have become consistently stronger since 1998. Large‐scale pattern analysis reveals that cold spells are associated with the negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO‐) and the positive phase of the Scandinavian (SCA+) pattern, which in turn are correlated with the divergence of dry‐static energy transport. Warm European extremes are associated with opposite phases of these patterns and the convergence of latent heat transport. Airmass trajectory analysis is consistent with these findings, as airmasses associated with extreme cold events typically originate over continents, while warm events tend to occur with prevailing maritime airmasses. Despite Arctic‐wide warming, significant cooling has occurred in northeastern Europe owing to a decrease in adiabatic subsidence heating in airmasses arriving from the southeast, along with increased occurrence of circulation patterns favouring low temperature advection. These dynamic effects dominated over the increased mean temperature of most circulation patterns. Lagged correlation analysis reveals that SCA‐ and NAO+ are typically preceded by cold Arctic anomalies during the previous 2–3 months, which may aid seasonal forecasting.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0899-8418 , 1097-0088
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.v40.1
    DOI: 10.1002/joc.6225
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491204-1
    SSG: 14
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The vertical structure of the lower Arctic troposphere analysed from observations and the ERA-40 reanalysis
    Wiley ; 2009
    In:  Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society Vol. 135, No. 639 ( 2009-01), p. 431-443
    Details
    In: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Wiley, Vol. 135, No. 639 ( 2009-01), p. 431-443
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0035-9009 , 1477-870X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/qj.v135:639
    DOI: 10.1002/qj.380
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 7650
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3142-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2089168-4
    SSG: 14
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A well‐observed polar low analysed with a regional and a global weather‐prediction model
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society Vol. 146, No. 729 ( 2020-04), p. 1740-1767
    Details
    In: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Wiley, Vol. 146, No. 729 ( 2020-04), p. 1740-1767
    Abstract: The capability of a regional (AROME‐Arctic) and a global (ECMWF HRES) weather‐prediction model are compared for simulating a well‐observed polar low (PL). This PL developed on 3–4 March 2008 and was measured by dropsondes released from three flights during the IPY‐THORPEX campaign. Validation against these measurements reveals that both models simulate the PL reasonably well. AROME‐Arctic appears to represent the cloud structures and the high local variability more realistically. The high local variability causes standard error statistics to be similar for AROME‐Arctic and ECMWF HRES. A spatial verification technique reveals that AROME‐Arctic has improved skills at small scales for extreme values. However, the error growth of the forecast, especially in the location of the PL, is faster in AROME‐Arctic than in ECMWF HRES. This is likely associated with larger convection‐induced perturbations in the former than the latter model. Additionally, the PL development is analysed. This PL has two stages, an initial baroclinic and a convective mature stage. Sensible heat flux and condensational heat release both contribute to strengthen the initial baroclinic environment. In the mature stage, latent heat release appears to maintain the system. At least two conditions must be met for this stage to develop: (a) the sensible heat flux sufficiently destabilises the local environment around the PL, and (b) sufficient moisture is available for condensational heat release. More than half of the condensed moisture within the system originates from the surroundings. The propagation of the PL is “pulled” towards the area of strongest condensational heating. Finally, the sensitivity of the PL to the sea‐surface temperature is analysed. The maximum near‐surface wind speed connected to the system increases by 1–2 m·s −1 per K of surface warming and a second centre develops in cases of highly increased temperature.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0035-9009 , 1477-870X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/qj.v146.729
    DOI: 10.1002/qj.3764
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 7650
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3142-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2089168-4
    SSG: 14
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
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