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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Distribution and diversity of rhizobia nodulating agroforestry legumes in soils from three continents in the tropics
    Wiley ; 2003
    In:  Molecular Ecology Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2003-04), p. 917-929
    Details
    In: Molecular Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2003-04), p. 917-929
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-1083 , 1365-294X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01754.x
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2003
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1126687-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Excessive pruning and limited regeneration: Are Faidherbia albida parklands heading for extinction in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia?
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Land Degradation & Development Vol. 29, No. 6 ( 2018-06), p. 1623-1633
    Details
    In: Land Degradation & Development, Wiley, Vol. 29, No. 6 ( 2018-06), p. 1623-1633
    Abstract: Scattered Faidherbia albida trees provide multiple ecological and production benefits across the Sahel. The intensive management and use of this important tree may impede its regeneration. Regeneration bottlenecks were explored and population dynamics modelled. On experimental plots in which seed of F. albida was sown, exposure to the first 2 months of dry season resulted in a quarter of seedling mortality. Exposure to season‐long free grazing and browsing caused significantly greater seedling mortality. Results from monitoring 100 permanent plots scattered over the landscape showed that adult population density was 4.2 ± 0.3 (mean ±  SE ) trees ha −1 and dominated by old age classes. Sixty percent of the total population were older than 30 years. The mean density for juveniles was 1.4 ± 0.2 (mean ±  SE ) individuals ha −1 . The annual rates of decline were 1.2%, 51.3%, and 63.2% for adults, seedlings, and saplings, respectively. Our model predicted that the F. albida population will start to decline within 1–2 decades to eventually fall below 1 tree ha −1 within 60 years under current management. The model highlighted that the limited seed source, caused by excessive pruning, was the main constraint for recruitment. Appropriate land management policy to ensure adequate seed production would avert current trends in decline of F. albida population.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1085-3278 , 1099-145X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ldr.v29.6
    DOI: 10.1002/ldr.2959
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021787-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1319202-4
    SSG: 14
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Wetlands in drylands: Use and conflict dynamics at the human–wildlife interface in Mbire District, Zimbabwe
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  African Journal of Ecology Vol. 60, No. 4 ( 2022-12), p. 1184-1200
    Details
    In: African Journal of Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 60, No. 4 ( 2022-12), p. 1184-1200
    Abstract: Les zones humides situées dans les zones arides représentent des ressources importantes pour l'agriculture et la faune, mais la concurrence peut entraîner des conflits entre l'homme et la faune. Nous avons cherché à comprendre les conditions dans lesquelles les personnes et la faune partageant les zones humides situées dans les zones arides peuvent coexister. Nous avons appliqué la méthode de comptage des traces dans les zones humides riveraines pendant la saison sèche et humide (n = 36 jours) en nous appuyant sur des relevés réalisés sur des transects en bande, des discussions de groupe (n = 3), des entretiens avec des informateurs clés (n = 26), une enquête socio‐économique auprès des ménages (n = 180) et des analyse de données secondaires afin d’étudier les interactions entre les hommes et la faune au sein d’une zone de gestion communautaire de la faune au Zimbabwe. Vingt‐six espèces fauniques qui fréquentaient les milieux humides riverains ont été identifiées. La forte densité de population et l'agriculture fluviale ‐ avec accès au bétail et aux charrues permettant de cultiver de plus grands champs ‐ ont limité l'accès de la faune aux zones humides. La saisonnalité, la sécheresse, la disponibilité de l'eau et la fertilité des sols, aggravées par la nombre limité de nouveaux moyens de subsistance et le manque de volonté politique à contrôler les cultures et l'installation dans les zones humides, ont été les moteurs du conflit. Par conséquent, les modèles basés sur la pression démographique et la disponibilité des ressources sont insuffisants pour éclairer l'atténuation des conflits homme‐faune. Des stratégies d’atténuation des comportements de recherche de rente sont nécessaires pour permettre la coexistence entre l'homme et la faune. Une action concertée entre les parties prenantes, notamment l’établissement de liens entre les avantages de la conservation de la faune, le respect des réglementations sur l'utilisation des zones humides, les comités d'usagers de l'eau, l'approvisionnement en eau et les technologies permettant de limiter le recours à la main‐d'œuvre dans les hautes terres, la diversification des moyens de subsistance et la production incitative de cultures résistantes à la sécheresse est recommandé.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0141-6707 , 1365-2028
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/aje.v60.4
    DOI: 10.1111/aje.13043
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019879-6
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 14
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Climate change and maize yield in southern Africa: what can farm management do?
    Wiley ; 2015
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 21, No. 12 ( 2015-12), p. 4588-4601
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 21, No. 12 ( 2015-12), p. 4588-4601
    Abstract: There is concern that food insecurity will increase in southern Africa due to climate change. We quantified the response of maize yield to projected climate change and to three key management options – planting date, fertilizer use and cultivar choice – using the crop simulation model, agricultural production systems simulator (APSIM), at two contrasting sites in Zimbabwe. Three climate periods up to 2100 were selected to cover both near‐ and long‐term climates. Future climate data under two radiative forcing scenarios were generated from five global circulation models. The temperature is projected to increase significantly in Zimbabwe by 2100 with no significant change in mean annual total rainfall. When planting before mid‐December with a high fertilizer rate, the simulated average grain yield for all three maize cultivars declined by 13% for the periods 2010–2039 and 2040–2069 and by 20% for 2070–2099 compared with the baseline climate, under low radiative forcing. Larger declines in yield of up to 32% were predicted for 2070–2099 with high radiative forcing. Despite differences in annual rainfall, similar trends in yield changes were observed for the two sites studied, Hwedza and Makoni. The yield response to delay in planting was nonlinear. Fertilizer increased yield significantly under both baseline and future climates. The response of maize to mineral nitrogen decreased with progressing climate change, implying a decrease in the optimal fertilizer rate in the future. Our results suggest that in the near future, improved crop and soil fertility management will remain important for enhanced maize yield. Towards the end of the 21st century, however, none of the farm management options tested in the study can avoid large yield losses in southern Africa due to climate change. There is a need to transform the current cropping systems of southern Africa to offset the negative impacts of climate change.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.2015.21.issue-12
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13061
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Subsoil Nitrogen Capture in Mixed Legume Stands as Assessed by Deep Nitrogen‐15 Placement
    Wiley ; 2003
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 67, No. 2 ( 2003-03), p. 573-582
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 67, No. 2 ( 2003-03), p. 573-582
    Abstract: The rotation of crops with planted N 2 –fixing legumes (improved fallows) is a promising agroforestry innovation for replenishing soil fertility in the tropics. We postulated that woody and herbaceous legumes with different rooting and growth patterns could be mixed in improved fallows to maximize utilization of belowground growth resources. We used a method of injecting a solution of 15 N‐labeled (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 into soil at 0.15‐ and 1.0‐m depths to measure soil mineral N acquisition by sesbania [ Sesbania sesban (L) Merr], crotalaria [ Crotalaria grahamiana Wight and Arn.], and the understory herbaceous legume siratro [ Macroptilium atropurpureum (DC.) Urb.] grown in mixed stands on a Kandiudalfic Eutrudox soil in western Kenya. Crotalaria had the highest root length in the topsoil. Sesbania on the other hand had nearly half its total root length below 0.3 m at 0.3‐ to 1.5‐m depth; sesbania took up more added 15 N than crotalaria and siratro from the 1.0‐m depth. Mixed sesbania and crotalaria stands, as compared with growing species in monocultures, increased root length at the 0.3‐ to 1.2‐m depth. Sesbania mixed with siratro was more effective than sesbania mixed with crotalaria in uptake of 15 N at 1.0‐m depth but not at 0.15‐m depth. At 2 mo after injection, the 15 N was concentrated immediately below the injection point with little lateral movement. This confirmed the utility of the methodology in determining temporal N uptake for species in mixed stands. Our results suggest that opportunities exist for enhanced subsoil N retrieval through the mixing of leguminous species, which can influence root distribution and increase rooting in the subsoil.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-5995 , 1435-0661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2003.5730
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 241415-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2239747-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 196788-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481691-X
    SSG: 13
    SSG: 21
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The production‐ecological sustainability of cassava, sugarcane and sweet sorghum cultivation for bioethanol in Mozambique
    Wiley ; 2012
    In:  GCB Bioenergy Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 2012-01), p. 20-35
    Details
    In: GCB Bioenergy, Wiley, Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 2012-01), p. 20-35
    Abstract: We present an approach for providing quantitative insight into the production‐ecological sustainability of biofuel feedstock production systems. The approach is based on a simple crop‐soil model and was used for assessing feedstock from current and improved production systems of cassava for bioethanol. Assessments were performed for a study area in Mozambique, a country considered promising for biomass production. Our focus is on the potential role of smallholders in the production of feedstock for biofuels. We take cassava as the crop for this purpose and compare it with feedstock production on plantations using sugarcane, sweet sorghum and cassava as benchmarks. Production‐ecological sustainability was defined by seven indicators related to resource‐use efficiency, soil quality, net energy production and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Results indicate that of the assessed systems, sugarcane performed better than cassava, although it requires substantial water for irrigation. Targeted use of nutrient inputs improved sustainability of smallholder cassava. Cassava production systems on more fertile soils were more sustainable than those on less fertile soils; the latter required more external inputs for achieving the same output, affecting most indicators negatively and reducing the feasibility for smallholders. Cassava and sweet sorghum performed similarly. Cassava production requires much more labour per hectare than production of sugarcane or sweet sorghum. Production of bioethanol feedstock on cultivated lands was more sustainable and had potential for carbon sequestration, avoiding GHG emissions from clearing natural vegetation if new land is opened.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1757-1693 , 1757-1707
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.2011.4.issue-1
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01103.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2495051-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    Soil greenhouse gas emissions from inorganic fertilizers and recycled oil palm waste products from Indonesian oil palm plantations
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  GCB Bioenergy Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2019-09), p. 1056-1074
    Details
    In: GCB Bioenergy, Wiley, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2019-09), p. 1056-1074
    Abstract: A continuous rise in the global demand for palm oil has resulted in the large‐scale expansion of oil palm plantations and generated environmental controversy. Efforts to increase the sustainability of oil palm cultivation include the recycling of oil mill and pruning residues in the field, but this may increase soil methane (CH 4 ) emissions. This study reports the results of yearlong field‐based measurements of soil nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and CH 4 emissions from commercial plantations in North Sumatra, Indonesia. One experiment investigated the effects of soil‐water saturation on N 2 O and CH 4 emissions from inorganic fertilizers and organic amendments by simulating 25 mm rainfall per day for 21 days. Three additional experiments focused on emissions from (a) inorganic fertilizer (urea), (b) combination of enriched mulch with urea and (c) organic amendments (empty fruit bunches, enriched mulch and pruned oil palm fronds) applied in different doses and spatial layouts (placed in inter‐row zones, piles, patches or bands) for a full year. The higher dose of urea led to a significantly higher N 2 O emissions with the emission factors ranging from 2.4% to 2.7% in the long‐term experiment, which is considerably higher than the IPCC standard of 1%. Organic amendments were a significant source of both N 2 O and CH 4 emissions, but N 2 O emissions from organic amendments were 66%–86% lower than those from inorganic fertilizers. Organic amendments applied in piles emitted 63% and 71% more N 2 O and CH 4 , respectively, than when spread out. With twice the dose of organic amendments, cumulative emissions were up to three times greater. The (simulated) rainwater experiment showed that the increase in precipitation led to a significant increase in N 2 O emissions significantly, suggesting that the time of fertilization is a critical management option for reducing emissions. The results from this study could therefore help guide residue and nutrient management practices to reduce emissions while ensuring better nutrient recycling for sustainable oil palm production systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1757-1693 , 1757-1707
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.v11.9
    DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.12618
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2495051-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Subsoil Nitrogen Capture in Mixed Legume Stands as Assessed by Deep Nitrogen-15 Placement
    Wiley ; 2003
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 67, No. 2 ( 2003), p. 573-
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 67, No. 2 ( 2003), p. 573-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1435-0661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2003.0573
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 241415-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 196788-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481691-X
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Sanchez, P. A.Properties and management of soils in the tropics. 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2019. xvii + 666 pp. £79.99, hardback. ISBN: 9781107176058.
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  European Journal of Soil Science Vol. 71, No. 5 ( 2020-09), p. 967-969
    Details
    In: European Journal of Soil Science, Wiley, Vol. 71, No. 5 ( 2020-09), p. 967-969
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1351-0754 , 1365-2389
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ejss.v71.5
    DOI: 10.1111/ejss.12897
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 240830-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020243-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1191614-X
    SSG: 13
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  • 10
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    Growing cotton to produce food: Unravelling interactions between value chains in southern Mali
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Development Policy Review Vol. 40, No. 5 ( 2022-09)
    Details
    In: Development Policy Review, Wiley, Vol. 40, No. 5 ( 2022-09)
    Abstract: Most transaction cost economic frameworks, commonly used to examine and explain the co‐ordination of agricultural transactions, use a linear approach for a single product transaction. This ignores the concurrence of multiple transactions by smallholder farmers in developing countries. Purpose This study aims to understand co‐ordination among multiple product transactions by smallholder farmers and to identify ways to remove impediments to market participation. It develops an adapted transaction cost framework, considering contract types and forms of market participation as building blocks for co‐ordination structures. The framework was applied to explain co‐ordination structures between smallholders and buyers of cotton and cereals in southern Mali. Methods and approach To make the framework operational, we did the following: (1) selected transaction characteristics; (2) elaborated benchmarks to describe the intensity of transactions; (3) identified co‐ordination structures; and (4) scored the intensity of transactions. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. Findings The majority of farmers grew cotton and sold it to a parastatal company, the sole buyer, that also supported the provision of inputs. Inputs were used to grow not only cotton, but also cereals. Most farmers sold cereals on spot markets to collectors and traders. Using different structures allowed smallholders to obtain inputs and services, to pursue different income sources over the year, and to balance flexibility and security. Policy implications Collective organizations of smallholder farmers should be supported to improve their financial and managerial capacities to allow them to co‐ordinate better with buyers and input suppliers. Institutional innovations to better balance risks for smallholders and buyers deserve consideration. These innovations include crop insurance, long‐term credit, and warehouse receipts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0950-6764 , 1467-7679
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/dpr.v40.5
    DOI: 10.1111/dpr.12605
    RVK:
    QA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1492275-7
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