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  • 1
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    Risk factors of pre‐hypertension and hypertension among non‐pregnant women of reproductive age in northeastern Tanzania: a community based cross‐sectional study
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Tropical Medicine & International Health Vol. 23, No. 11 ( 2018-11), p. 1176-1187
    Details
    In: Tropical Medicine & International Health, Wiley, Vol. 23, No. 11 ( 2018-11), p. 1176-1187
    Abstract: Déterminer les facteurs de risque de pré‐hypertension et d'hypertension dans une cohorte de 1.247 femmes tanzaniennes en zone rurale avant la conception. Méthodes Les données démographiques et socioéconomiques, les mesures anthropométriques, les antécédents médicaux et obstétricaux et d'autres facteurs de risque de pré‐hypertension et d'hypertension ont été recueillis au moyen d'un questionnaire structuré. Une analyse de régression logistique multiple a été utilisée pour évaluer les associations entre les indices anthropométriques et d'autres facteurs de risque de pré‐hypertension et d'hypertension. Le pouvoir prédictif de différents indicateurs anthropométriques pour l'identification des patients souffrant de pré‐hypertension et d'hypertension a été déterminé par les courbes de caractéristiques du récepteur (ROC). Résultats L’âge médian (intervalle) était de 28,0 (18‐40) ans. Les prévalences normalisées selon l’âge de la pré‐hypertension et de l'hypertension étaient respectivement de 37,2% (IC95%: 34,0‐40,6) et de 8,5% (IC95%: 6,7‐10,8). Parmi les patientes avec hypertension (n = 98), seules 20 (20,4%) étaient au courant de leur état. En analyse multivariée, l'augmentation de l’âge, l'obésité et les taux d'hémoglobine étaient significativement associés à la pré‐hypertension et à l'hypertension. Conclusion Malgré une faible prévalence de l'hypertension, plus d'un tiers des femmes avaient une pré‐hypertension. Cela pose un grand défi, car les femmes avec une pré‐hypertension peuvent évoluer vers une hypertension sans interventions appropriées, à mesure qu'elles prennent de l’âge. L'obésité était le facteur de risque unique modifiable le plus important pour la pré‐hypertension et l'hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1360-2276 , 1365-3156
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/tmi.2018.23.issue-11
    DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13149
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 2
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    Directly measured aerobic fitness in male Maasai of Tanzania
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  American Journal of Human Biology Vol. 34, No. 4 ( 2022-04)
    Details
    In: American Journal of Human Biology, Wiley, Vol. 34, No. 4 ( 2022-04)
    Abstract: The agro‐pastoralist Maasai of East Africa are highly physically active, but their aerobic fitness has so far only been estimated using heart rate (HR) response to submaximal exercise and not directly measured. Thus, we aimed to measure aerobic fitness directly using respiratory gas analysis in a group of Maasai, and habitual physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) as explanatory variable. Methods In total, 21 (10 rural, 11 semi‐urban) of 30 volunteering Tanzanian Maasai men were eligible to participate. Respiratory gas exchange was measured during a graded exercise test until exhaustion on a stationary bicycle to determine aerobic fitness. Maximal effort criteria were at least two of the following (1) leveling off, (2) respiratory exchange ratio (RER) 〉 1.10, and (3) maximum HR within 10 bpm of age‐estimated maximum HR. Habitual PAEE was estimated using combined accelerometry and HR monitoring. Anthropometry, biochemistry, blood pressure, resting HR, and dietary intake information were collected for background information. Results Mean age was 43.2 (range 26–60) years, and hemoglobin was higher in the rural versus semi‐urban Maasai (16.9 vs. 15.4 g/dl, p  = .02). Mean aerobic fitness (34.4 vs. 33.3 mlO 2 /min/kg, p  = .79), and mean PAEE (58.5 vs. 52.9 kJ/day/kg, p  = .64) were similar in rural and semi‐urban Maasai, respectively. Conclusions Aerobic fitness was low to moderate in male rural and semi‐urban Maasai. This may be explained by relatively low PAEE in comparison to previous objectively measured activity levels in Maasai, which indicates recent lifestyle changes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1042-0533 , 1520-6300
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.v34.4
    DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23674
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2001218-4
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  • 3
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    Energy expenditure and intensity of ritual jumping–dancing in male M aasai
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  American Journal of Human Biology Vol. 35, No. 9 ( 2023-09)
    Details
    In: American Journal of Human Biology, Wiley, Vol. 35, No. 9 ( 2023-09)
    Abstract: Traditional jumping–dance rituals performed by Maasai men involve prolonged physical exertion that may contribute significantly to overall physical activity level. We aimed to objectively quantify the metabolic intensity of jumping–dance activity and assess associations with habitual physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Methods Twenty Maasai men (18–37 years) from rural Tanzania volunteered to participate in the study. Habitual physical activity was monitored using combined heart rate (HR) and movement sensing over 3 days, and jumping–dance engagement was self‐reported. A 1‐h jumping–dance session resembling a traditional ritual was organized, during which participants' vertical acceleration and HR were monitored. An incremental, submaximal 8‐min step test was performed to calibrate HR to physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and assess CRF. Results Mean (range) habitual PAEE was 60 (37–116) kJ day −1  kg −1 , and CRF was 43 (32–54) mL O 2  min −1  kg −1 . The jumping–dance activity was performed at an absolute HR of 122 (83–169) beats·min −1 , and PAEE of 283 (84–484) J min −1  kg −1 or 42 (18–75)% when expressed relative to CRF. The total PAEE for the session was 17 (range 5–29) kJ kg −1 , ~28% of the daily total. Self‐reported engagement in habitual jumping–dance frequency was 3.8 (1–7) sessions/week, with a total duration of 2.1 (0.5–6.0) h/session. Conclusions Intensity during traditional jumping–dance activity was moderate, but on average sevenfold higher than habitual physical activity. These rituals are common, and can make a substantial contribution to overall physical activity in Maasai men, and thus be promoted as a culture‐specific activity to increase energy expenditure and maintain good health in this population.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1042-0533 , 1520-6300
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.v35.9
    DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23907
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 4
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    Hemoglobin levels and blood pressure are associated in rural black africans
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  American Journal of Human Biology Vol. 28, No. 1 ( 2016-01-02), p. 145-148
    Details
    In: American Journal of Human Biology, Wiley, Vol. 28, No. 1 ( 2016-01-02), p. 145-148
    Abstract: The association between blood levels of hemoglobin (B‐hgb) and blood pressure (BP) has been widely investigated in Caucasians and Asians but there is a paucity of data in rural black Africans. The objective was to investigate the association between B‐hgb and BP in a rural black African population. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted in three districts in Kenya (Bondo, Kitui, and Transmara) with the inclusion of participants aged ≥17 years. Background information, anthropometry, BP, B‐hgb, hepatic insulin resistance (HOMA2‐IR), standard lipid profile, and oral glucose tolerance test were obtained in each participant. Results Background characteristics among 1,167 participants showed that anemic and non‐anemic participants differed significantly from each other as there were more women, lower body mass index and waist circumference (WC), lower degree of hepatic insulin resistance and plasma cholesterols among the anemic participants. Furthermore, anemic participants had significantly lower systolic and diastolic BP ( P   〈  0.01) but not a significantly different prevalence of hypertension ( P  = 0.08). Multivariate linear regression models adjusted for—age, sex, plasma total‐cholesterol, WC, Log2(HOMA2‐IR), ethnicity, and smoking status—revealed that B‐hgb (per mmol/l increment) was significantly associated with systolic BP (estimate: 1.18 (0.37–1.98)) and diastolic BP (estimate: 1.06 (0.54–1.57)) ( P   〈  0.01). Conclusions B‐hgb is associated with BP in rural black Africans. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:145–148, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1042-0533 , 1520-6300
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.v28.1
    DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22758
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 5
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    Physical activity energy expenditure and cardiometabolic health in three rural Kenyan populations
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  American Journal of Human Biology Vol. 31, No. 1 ( 2019-01)
    Details
    In: American Journal of Human Biology, Wiley, Vol. 31, No. 1 ( 2019-01)
    Abstract: Physical activity is beneficial for metabolic health but the extent to which this may differ by ethnicity is still unclear. Here, the objective was to characterize the association between physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and cardiometabolic risk among the Luo, Kamba, and Maasai ethnic groups of rural Kenya. Methods In a cross‐sectional study of 1084 rural Kenyans, free‐living PAEE was objectively measured using individually‐calibrated heart rate and movement sensing. A clustered metabolic syndrome risk score ( z MS) was developed by averaging the sex‐specific z ‐scores of five risk components measuring central adiposity, blood pressure, lipid levels, glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance. Results z MS was 0.08 (−0.09; −0.06) SD lower for every 10 kJ/kg/day difference in PAEE after adjustment for age and sex; this association was modified by ethnicity (interaction with PAEE P   〈  0.05). When adjusted for adiposity, each 10 kJ/kg/day difference in PAEE was predicted to lower z MS by 0.04 (−0.05, −0.03) SD, without evidence of interaction by ethnicity. The Maasai were predicted to have higher cardiometabolic risk than the Kamba and Luo at every quintile of PAEE, with a strong dose‐dependent decreasing trend among all ethnicities. Conclusion Free‐living PAEE is strongly inversely associated with cardiometabolic risk in rural Kenyans. Differences between ethnic groups in this association were observed but were explained by differences in central adiposity. Therefore, targeted interventions to increase PAEE are more likely to be effective in subgroups with high central adiposity, such as Maasai with low levels of PAEE.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1042-0533 , 1520-6300
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.v31.1
    DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23199
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 6
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    Impact of early diagnosis of impaired glucose regulation in tuberculosis: Comparison of clinical outcomes in people with tuberculosis in Tanzania
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Tropical Medicine & International Health Vol. 27, No. 9 ( 2022-09), p. 815-822
    Details
    In: Tropical Medicine & International Health, Wiley, Vol. 27, No. 9 ( 2022-09), p. 815-822
    Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been known to compromise tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes. Association data are limited for early hyperglycaemia detection and TB treatment outcomes. Thus, we assessed treatment outcomes including time to sputum conversion and death in TB participants with or without hyperglycaemia. Methods A prospective cohort study recruited TB participants receiving anti‐TB treatment at health facilities in Tanzania between October 2019 and September 2020. Hyperglycaemia was defined as having pre‐existing DM or pre‐treatment random blood glucose of ≥7.8 mmol/L, in combination categorised as impaired glucose regulation (IGR). Those with IGR were further screened for hyperglycaemia severity using glycated haemoglobin. In case of unknown status, participants were tested for HIV. Time to death was determined at 6 months of TB treatment. Results Of 1344 participants, 187 (13.9%) had IGR, of whom 44 (23.5%) were HIV co‐infected. Overall treatment success was 1206 (89.7%), and was similar among participants with or without IGR ( p   〉  0.05). Time to death for participants with and without IGR was 18 versus 28 days ( p  = 0.870), respectively. Age ≥ 40 years ( p  = 0.038), bacteriological positive ( p  = 0.039), HIV ( p  = 0.009), or recurrent TB ( p  = 0.017) predicted death or treatment success during TB treatment in adjusted multivariable models. Conclusion IGR did not influence clinical outcomes in TB patients with or without IGR in a programme of early IGR diagnosis and integration TB, HIV and DM care. Early detection and co‐management of multi‐morbidities among people diagnosed with TB may reduce likelihood of poor treatment outcomes in a programmatic setting.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1360-2276 , 1365-3156
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/tmi.v27.9
    DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13806
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 7
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    High prevalence of diabetes and anthropometric heterogeneity among tuberculosis patients in Pakistan
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Tropical Medicine & International Health Vol. 22, No. 4 ( 2017-04), p. 465-473
    Details
    In: Tropical Medicine & International Health, Wiley, Vol. 22, No. 4 ( 2017-04), p. 465-473
    Abstract: En Paquistán, la prevalencia de diabetes ( DM ) entre adultos es del 6.9% y se espera que se doble en el 2040. La DM puede facilitar la transmisión y detener la eliminación de la tuberculosis ( TB ). Buscábamos determinar la prevalencia de DM entre pacientes con TB en Paquistán, e investigar las asociaciones bioquímico‐antropométricas y hemodinámicas entre pacientes TB con y sin DM . Métodos Hemos realizado un estudio croseccional en el Hospital Gulab Devi Chest de Lahore, Punjab. A un total de 3,027 pacientes ≥ 25 años, recién diagnosticados de TB con frotis positivo, se les realizó la prueba para DM mediante HbA1c independientemente de una historia previa de DM . Resultados La prevalencia de DM diagnosticada durante el cribado y la DM entre los participantes era del 13.5% y 26.1% respectivamente, resultando en una prevalencia combinada de DM del 39.6%. La mayoría de los participantes era hombres (64.4%). En un análisis bivariado, los participantes con DM eran significativamente mayores (49.8 vs. 40.6 años), con mayores niveles de hemoglobina (hombres, 12.1 vs. 11.8 g/ dL , mujeres 11.5 vs. 10.7 g/ dL ), índice de masa corporal (21.0 vs. 17.6 kg/m 2 ) y ratio cintura‐cadera (hombres, 0.87 vs. 0.81, mujeres, 0.87 vs. 0.79) (todos p 〈 0.05) que los participantes sin DM . Al estratificar utilizando las diferencias de DM detectadas mediante cribado y las conocidas, estas diferencias continuaban siendo significativas al utilizar un análisis multivariado. Conclusión Reportamos una alta prevalencia de DM entre pacientes TB que podrían ser antropométrica y bioquímicamente diferentes de pacientes con TB y sin DM , y esta heterogeneidad trasciende más aún los diferentes grupos de DM .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1360-2276 , 1365-3156
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/tmi.2017.22.issue-4
    DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12842
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 8
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    Diabetes is a strong predictor of mortality during tuberculosis treatment: a prospective cohort study among tuberculosis patients from Mwanza, Tanzania
    Wiley ; 2013
    In:  Tropical Medicine & International Health Vol. 18, No. 7 ( 2013-07), p. 822-829
    Details
    In: Tropical Medicine & International Health, Wiley, Vol. 18, No. 7 ( 2013-07), p. 822-829
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1360-2276
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/tmi.2013.18.issue-7
    DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12120
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 9
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    Normalization of elevated cardiac, kidney, and hemolysis plasma markers within 48 h in M exican T arahumara runners following a 78 km race at moderate altitude
    Wiley ; 2014
    In:  American Journal of Human Biology Vol. 26, No. 6 ( 2014-11), p. 836-843
    Details
    In: American Journal of Human Biology, Wiley, Vol. 26, No. 6 ( 2014-11), p. 836-843
    Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine to what extent extreme endurance exercise results in changes of plasma markers associated with cardiac and renal damage, as well as hemolysis in male, Mexican Tarahumara runners. Methods Ten Tarahumara runners (mean (sd) age of 38 (12) years) participated in a 78 km race in Chihuahua, Mexico at 2,400 m above sea level. Cardiac, kidney, and hematology plasma markers were measured pre‐race and 〈 5 min, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 24 h, and 48 h post‐race. Anthropometry, blood pressure, pulse rate, electrocardiography, HbA1c, hemoglobin and VO 2max (estimated from heart rate following step test) were assessed pre‐race, while physical activity energy expenditure and intensity were estimated during the race, and oxygen partial pressure saturation (SpO 2 ) 〈 30 min post‐race. Results Estimated mean VO 2max was 48 (9) mLO 2 min −1 kg −1 and relative intensity during the race was 68 (11)%VO 2 max. Mean SpO 2 was 92 (3)% 〈 30 min post‐race. Plasma concentrations of especially total creatine kinase, creatine kinase‐MB isoform, and haptoglobin changed significantly from pre‐race values ( P 〈 0.001) up to 24 h post‐race, but had returned to pre‐race values after 48 h. The plasma concentrations of mid‐regional proatrial natiuretic peptide and copeptin returned to pre‐race concentrations after 1 and 6 h, respectively. Conclusions Altered cardiac, renal, and hemolysis plasma markers were normalized after 48 h following 78 km of running, suggesting that the impact of exercise‐induced cardiac and kidney damage as well as hemolysis in the Mexican Tarahumara is low. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:836–843, 2014. © 2014 The Authors American Journal of Human Biology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1042-0533 , 1520-6300
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.v26.6
    DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22607
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 10
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    Digit ratio ( 2D : 4D ) is not related to cardiovascular diseases or their risk factors in menopausal women
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  American Journal of Human Biology Vol. 33, No. 3 ( 2021-05)
    Details
    In: American Journal of Human Biology, Wiley, Vol. 33, No. 3 ( 2021-05)
    Abstract: Digit ratio (2D:4D) is widely used as a biomarker of prenatal hormonal environment linked to the growing number of adult health and disease‐related characteristics. It has been suggested that 2D:4D is a good predictor of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk among men, but results in women are still inconclusive. Here we test the relationship between 2D:4D and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and their risk factors in Polish, rural women. Methods The participants were 410 women age 50 and older. Structured questionnaire was used to gather personal and medical data, including the history of CVD diagnosed by a medical doctor. Anthropometric measurements of body height, weight, and finger lengths were performed. Right‐hand and left‐hand 2D:4D, mean 2D:4D, D l‐r , and BMI were calculated afterward. For a subgroup of participants (n = 329) fasting blood sample was collected (in order to assess the lipid profile and glucose levels) and blood pressure was measured. Age, education level and BMI were included as potential covariates. Results No statistically significant association was observed between 2D:4D markers and the incidence of CVD (eg, heart attack, stroke) or CVD risk factors (dyslipidaemia, dysglycaemia or hypertension), when controlled for age, education and BMI. Conclusions The results of our study add to the growing number of studies investigating the sex‐difference of the association between 2D:4D and cardiac health. We conclude that from a public health perspective 2D:4D may not be a valuable biomarker of elevated risk of CVDs in women.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1042-0533 , 1520-6300
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.v33.3
    DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23505
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
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