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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 26, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 119-188
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 26, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 119-188
    Abstract: Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits—almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.v26.1
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14904
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    Functional diversity differently shapes growth resilience to drought for co‐existing pine species
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Vegetation Science Vol. 29, No. 2 ( 2018-03), p. 265-275
    Details
    In: Journal of Vegetation Science, Wiley, Vol. 29, No. 2 ( 2018-03), p. 265-275
    Abstract: What are the differences in tree growth and resilience in response to extreme droughts between three co‐existing pine tree species? Are growth–resilience components more influenced by intrinsic (age, tree height) or extrinsic factors (mass effects or functional diversity of the neighbourhood)? Is the tree's vulnerability to drought buffered by the functional diversity of the surrounding plant community? Location Mediterranean forest, northeast Spain. Methods Trees from three co‐existing pine species with different drought tolerances (Aleppo pine – Pinus halepensis Mill.; Black pine – Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii (Dunal) Franco; Scots pine – Pinus sylvestris L.) were sampled. The average age of the studed pines was ~30 years. Radial growth from 1980 to 2015 was measured and the pines’ responses to the most severe recent droughts (2005 and 2012) were studied by relating different growth resilience components ( Rt , resistance; Rc , recovery; RRs , relative resilience) with intrinsic (age and height) and extrinsic factors of the neighbouring community around each tree. The considered extrinsic factors were CWM and niche complementarity of tree (height), leaf (specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content) and wood (wood specific gravity) traits. The way in which these factors affected growth resilience to drought was assessed. Results For the whole study period we found lower growth of Scots pine than Aleppo pine, but similar resilience components (except for higher Rt in 2005 for the former species). Despite each drought year resulting in distinct responses, the growth resilience to drought was mostly dependent on tree age for Aleppo pine, while functional diversity modulated a high percentage of the resilience variance of Scots pine. Black pine had an intermediate strategy. CWM explained, in general, less variance of the resilience components than functional diversity. Conclusions The positive effect of surrounding functional diversity on Scots pine could be related to a greater resistance to drought, likely due to improved resource acquisition favouring its performance at the dry limit of its distribution area. Intrinsic tree features, mass effects and functional diversity differently shape growth resilience to different droughts for co‐existing tree species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1100-9233 , 1654-1103
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.2018.29.issue-2
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.12617
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2047714-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1053769-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 23
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  • 3
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    Globally, tree fecundity exceeds productivity gradients
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Ecology Letters Vol. 25, No. 6 ( 2022-06), p. 1471-1482
    Details
    In: Ecology Letters, Wiley, Vol. 25, No. 6 ( 2022-06), p. 1471-1482
    Abstract: Lack of tree fecundity data across climatic gradients precludes the analysis of how seed supply contributes to global variation in forest regeneration and biotic interactions responsible for biodiversity. A global synthesis of raw seedproduction data shows a 250‐fold increase in seed abundance from cold‐dry to warm‐wet climates, driven primarily by a 100‐fold increase in seed production for a given tree size. The modest (threefold) increase in forest productivity across the same climate gradient cannot explain the magnitudes of these trends. The increase in seeds per tree can arise from adaptive evolution driven by intense species interactions or from the direct effects of a warm, moist climate on tree fecundity. Either way, the massive differences in seed supply ramify through food webs potentially explaining a disproportionate role for species interactions in the wet tropics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1461-023X , 1461-0248
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ele.v25.6
    DOI: 10.1111/ele.14012
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020195-3
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Moisture‐mediated responsiveness of treeline shifts to global warming in the Himalayas
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 24, No. 11 ( 2018-11), p. 5549-5559
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 24, No. 11 ( 2018-11), p. 5549-5559
    Abstract: Among forest ecosystems, the alpine treeline ecotone can be considered to be a simplified model to study global ecology and climate change. Alpine treelines are expected to shift upwards in response to global warming given that tree recruitment and growth are assumed to be mainly limited by low temperatures. However, little is known whether precipitation and temperature interact to drive long‐term Himalayan treeline dynamics. Tree growth is affected by spring rainfall in the central Himalayan treelines, being good locations for testing if, in addition to temperature, precipitation mediates treeline dynamics. To test this hypothesis, we reconstructed spatiotemporal variations in treeline dynamics in 20 plots located at six alpine treeline sites, dominated by two tree species (birch, fir), and situated along an east–west precipitation gradient in the central Himalayas. Our reconstructions evidenced that treelines shifted upward in response to recent climate warming, but their shift rates were primarily mediated by spring precipitation. The rate of upward shift was higher in the wettest eastern Himalayas, suggesting that its ascent rate was facilitated by spring precipitation. The drying tendency in association with the recent warming trends observed in the central Himalayas, however, will likely hinder an upslope advancement of alpine treelines and promote downward treeline shifts if moisture availability crosses a critical minimum threshold. Our study highlights the complexity of plant responses to climate and the need to consider multiple climate factors when analyzing treeline dynamics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.2018.24.issue-11
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14428
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
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  • 5
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    Standardized metrics are key for assessing drought severity
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 26, No. 2 ( 2020-02)
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 26, No. 2 ( 2020-02)
    Abstract: This article is a response to Zang et al., 26, 322–324 .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.v26.2
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14899
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
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  • 6
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    Global fading of the temperature–growth coupling at alpine and polar treelines
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 27, No. 9 ( 2021-05), p. 1879-1889
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 27, No. 9 ( 2021-05), p. 1879-1889
    Abstract: Climate warming is expected to positively alter upward and poleward treelines which are controlled by low temperature and a short growing season. Despite the importance of treelines as a bioassay of climate change, a global field assessment and posterior forecasting of tree growth at annual scales is lacking. Using annually resolved tree‐ring data located across Eurasia and the Americas, we quantified and modeled the relationship between temperature and radial growth at treeline during the 20th century. We then tested whether this temperature–growth association will remain stable during the 21st century using a forward model under two climate scenarios (RCP 4.5 and 8.5). During the 20th century, growth enhancements were common in most sites, and temperature and growth showed positive trends. Interestingly, the relationship between temperature and growth trends was contingent on tree age suggesting biogeographic patterns in treeline growth are contingent on local factors besides climate warming. Simulations forecast temperature–growth decoupling during the 21st century. The growing season at treeline is projected to lengthen and growth rates would increase and become less dependent on temperature rise. These forecasts illustrate how growth may decouple from climate warming in cold regions and near the margins of tree existence. Such projected temperature–growth decoupling could impact ecosystem processes in mountain and polar biomes, with feedbacks on climate warming.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.v27.9
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15530
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessing forest vulnerability to climate warming using a process‐based model of tree growth: bad prospects for rear‐edges
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 23, No. 7 ( 2017-07), p. 2705-2719
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 23, No. 7 ( 2017-07), p. 2705-2719
    Abstract: Growth models can be used to assess forest vulnerability to climate warming. If global warming amplifies water deficit in drought‐prone areas, tree populations located at the driest and southernmost distribution limits (rear‐edges) should be particularly threatened. Here, we address these statements by analyzing and projecting growth responses to climate of three major tree species (silver fir, Abies alba ; Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris ; and mountain pine, Pinus uncinata ) in mountainous areas of NE Spain. This region is subjected to Mediterranean continental conditions, it encompasses wide climatic, topographic and environmental gradients, and, more importantly, it includes rear‐edges of the continuous distributions of these tree species. We used tree‐ring width data from a network of 110 forests in combination with the process‐based Vaganov–Shashkin‐Lite growth model and climate–growth analyses to forecast changes in tree growth during the 21st century. Climatic projections were based on four ensembles CO 2 emission scenarios. Warm and dry conditions during the growing season constrain silver fir and Scots pine growth, particularly at the species rear‐edge. By contrast, growth of high‐elevation mountain pine forests is enhanced by climate warming. The emission scenario ( RCP 8.5) corresponding to the most pronounced warming (+1.4 to 4.8 °C) forecasted mean growth reductions of −10.7% and −16.4% in silver fir and Scots pine, respectively, after 2050. This indicates that rising temperatures could amplify drought stress and thus constrain the growth of silver fir and Scots pine rear‐edge populations growing at xeric sites. Contrastingly, mountain pine growth is expected to increase by +12.5% due to a longer and warmer growing season. The projections of growth reduction in silver fir and Scots pine portend dieback and a contraction of their species distribution areas through potential local extinctions of the most vulnerable driest rear‐edge stands. Our modeling approach provides accessible tools to evaluate forest vulnerability to warmer conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.2017.23.issue-7
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13541
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Forest resilience to drought varies across biomes
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 24, No. 5 ( 2018-05), p. 2143-2158
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 24, No. 5 ( 2018-05), p. 2143-2158
    Abstract: Forecasted increase drought frequency and severity may drive worldwide declines in forest productivity. Species‐level responses to a drier world are likely to be influenced by their functional traits. Here, we analyse forest resilience to drought using an extensive network of tree‐ring width data and satellite imagery. We compiled proxies of forest growth and productivity ( TRW i, absolutely dated ring‐width indices; NDVI , Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) for 11 tree species and 502 forests in Spain corresponding to Mediterranean, temperate, and continental biomes. Four different components of forest resilience to drought were calculated based on TRW i and NDVI data before, during, and after four major droughts (1986, 1994–1995, 1999, and 2005), and pointed out that TRW i data were more sensitive metrics of forest resilience to drought than NDVI data. Resilience was related to both drought severity and forest composition. Evergreen gymnosperms dominating semi‐arid Mediterranean forests showed the lowest resistance to drought, but higher recovery than deciduous angiosperms dominating humid temperate forests. Moreover, semi‐arid gymnosperm forests presented a negative temporal trend in the resistance to drought, but this pattern was absent in continental and temperate forests. Although gymnosperms in dry Mediterranean forests showed a faster recovery after drought, their recovery potential could be constrained if droughts become more frequent. Conversely, angiosperms and gymnosperms inhabiting temperate and continental sites might have problems to recover after more intense droughts since they resist drought but are less able to recover afterwards.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.2018.24.issue-5
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14082
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Regime shifts of Mediterranean forest carbon uptake and reduced resilience driven by multidecadal ocean surface temperatures
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 25, No. 8 ( 2019-08), p. 2825-2840
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 25, No. 8 ( 2019-08), p. 2825-2840
    Abstract: The mechanisms translating global circulation changes into rapid abrupt shifts in forest carbon capture in semi‐arid biomes remain poorly understood. Here, we report unprecedented multidecadal shifts in forest carbon uptake in semi‐arid Mediterranean pine forests in Spain over 1950–2012. The averaged carbon sink reduction varies between 31% and 37%, and reaches values in the range of 50% in the most affected forest stands. Regime shifts in forest carbon uptake are associated with climatic early warning signals, decreased forest regional synchrony and reduced long‐term carbon sink resilience. We identify the mechanisms linked to ocean multidecadal variability that shape regime shifts in carbon capture. First, we show that low‐frequency variations of the surface temperature of the Atlantic Ocean induce shifts in the non‐stationary effects of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on regional forest carbon capture. Modelling evidence supports that the non‐stationary effects of ENSO can be propagated from tropical areas to semi‐arid Mediterranean biomes through atmospheric wave trains. Second, decadal changes in the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) significantly alter sea–air heat exchanges, modifying in turn ocean vapour transport over land and land surface temperatures, and promoting sustained drought conditions in spring and summer that reduce forest carbon uptake. Third, we show that lagged effects of AMO on the winter North Atlantic Oscillation also contribute to the maintenance of long‐term droughts. Finally, we show that the reported strong, negative effects of ocean surface temperature (AMO) on forest carbon uptake in the last decades are unprecedented over the last 150 years. Our results provide new, unreported explanations for carbon uptake shifts in these drought‐prone forests and review the expected impacts of global warming on the profiled mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.2019.25.issue-8
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14664
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
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  • 10
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    A retrospective, dual‐isotope approach reveals individual predispositions to winter‐drought induced tree dieback in the southernmost distribution limit of S cots pine
    Wiley ; 2013
    In:  Plant, Cell & Environment Vol. 36, No. 8 ( 2013-08), p. 1435-1448
    Details
    In: Plant, Cell & Environment, Wiley, Vol. 36, No. 8 ( 2013-08), p. 1435-1448
    Abstract: This work examined a winter‐drought induced dieback at the Scots pine's southern edge through a dual‐isotope approach ( Δ 13 C and δ 18 O in tree‐ring cellulose). Declining trees showed a stronger coupling between climate, growth and intrinsic water‐use efficiency ( WUEi ) than non‐declining individuals, which was likely associated with their native aptitude to grow more, take up more water and, also, exhibit a greater cavitation risk. This indicated that co‐occurring individuals were differentially predisposed to winter‐drought mortality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0140-7791 , 1365-3040
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/pce.2013.36.issue-8
    DOI: 10.1111/pce.12072
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 391893-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020843-1
    SSG: 12
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