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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Disentangling temporal food web dynamics facilitates understanding of ecosystem functioning
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Animal Ecology Vol. 90, No. 5 ( 2021-05), p. 1205-1216
    Details
    In: Journal of Animal Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 90, No. 5 ( 2021-05), p. 1205-1216
    Abstract: Studying how food web structure and function vary through time represents an opportunity to better comprehend and anticipate ecosystem changes. Yet, temporal studies of highly resolved food web structure are scarce. With few exceptions, most temporal food web studies are either too simplified, preventing a detailed assessment of structural properties or binary, missing the temporal dynamics of energy fluxes among species. Using long‐term, multi‐trophic biomass data coupled with highly resolved information on species feeding relationships, we analysed food web dynamics in the Gulf of Riga (Baltic Sea) over more than three decades (1981–2014). We combined unweighted (topology‐based) and weighted (biomass‐ and flux‐based) food web approaches, first, to unravel how distinct descriptors can highlight differences (or similarities) in food web dynamics through time, and second, to compare temporal dynamics of food web structure and function. We find that food web descriptors vary substantially and distinctively through time, likely reflecting different underlying ecosystem processes. While node‐ and link‐weighted metrics reflect changes related to alterations in species dominance and fluxes, unweighted metrics are more sensitive to changes in species and link richness. Comparing unweighted, topology‐based metrics and flux‐based functions further indicates that temporal changes in functions cannot be predicted using unweighted food web structure. Rather, information on species population dynamics and weighted, flux‐based networks should be included to better comprehend temporal food web dynamics. By integrating unweighted, node‐ and link‐weighted metrics, we here demonstrate how different approaches can be used to compare food web structure and function, and identify complementary patterns of change in temporal food web dynamics, which enables a more complete understanding of the ecological processes at play in ecosystems undergoing change.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8790 , 1365-2656
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jane.v90.5
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13447
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006616-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Temporal and Spatial Variability of Zoobenthic Communities in Archipelago Waters of the Northern Baltic Sea-Consequences of Eutrophication?
    Wiley ; 1991
    In:  Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie Vol. 76, No. 3 ( 1991), p. 433-449
    Details
    In: Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie, Wiley, Vol. 76, No. 3 ( 1991), p. 433-449
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0020-9309 , 1522-2632
    URL: Issue
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/iroh.v76:3
    DOI: 10.1002/(ISSN)1522-2632
    DOI: 10.1002/iroh.19910760316
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: German
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1991
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006634-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1420232-3
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Thiaminase Activity of Crucian Carp Carassius carassius Injected with a Bacterial Fish Pathogen, Aeromonas salmonicida subsp . salmonicida
    Wiley ; 2009
    In:  Journal of Aquatic Animal Health Vol. 21, No. 4 ( 2009-12), p. 217-228
    Details
    In: Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, Wiley, Vol. 21, No. 4 ( 2009-12), p. 217-228
    Abstract: Dietary thiaminase I is a cause of thiamine deficiency in animals. The physiological significance of thiaminase in the organisms containing this enzyme is not known, nor are the factors causing variation in their thiaminase activity. Tests were performed to evaluate the effect a pathogen might have on thiaminase activity in fish, when analyzed both with a cosubstrate added (CATA tests) and no cosubstrate added (NCATA tests). Pyridine is known as a cosubstrate specific for thiaminase I activity that does not accelerate thiaminase II activity. Crucian carp Carassius carassius known to harbor thiaminase I activity were injected intramuscularly with live Aeromonas salmonicida , a pathogenic bacterium of fish. For comparison, other groups were injected with formalin‐killed bacteria and phosphate‐buffered saline, respectively; an untreated group of fish was kept as a control. The bacteria did not contain any thiaminase activity. Significantly higher thiaminase activities (CATA and NCATA) were measured in all tissues (whole blood, injected muscle, uninjected muscle, and whole fish homogenates) of fish injected with live bacteria than in the saline‐injected and the uninjected groups. The thiaminase activity of blood and that in the injected, inflamed muscle tissue followed different allocation patterns in fish injected with live A. salmonicida . The amount of thiaminase I enzyme appeared to be elevated in the whole blood of injected fish in the absence of natural cosubstrate(s). The thiaminase activity of the injected, inflamed muscle suggested that both the amount of thiaminase enzyme and some yet‐unidentified natural cosubstrate(s) were elevated. This suggests that in addition to the enzyme, some cosubstrate(s) of fish or pathogen origin play a regulatory role in the so‐far‐unknown physiological significance of thiaminase I activity in vivo. It is suggested that the health of fish should be considered when searching for factor(s) affecting its thiaminase activity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0899-7659 , 1548-8667
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1577/H08-010.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2192418-1
    SSG: 22
    SSG: 21,3
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The importance of benthic–pelagic coupling for marine ecosystem functioning in a changing world
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 23, No. 6 ( 2017-06), p. 2179-2196
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 23, No. 6 ( 2017-06), p. 2179-2196
    Abstract: Benthic–pelagic coupling is manifested as the exchange of energy, mass, or nutrients between benthic and pelagic habitats. It plays a prominent role in aquatic ecosystems, and it is crucial to functions from nutrient cycling to energy transfer in food webs. Coastal and estuarine ecosystem structure and function are strongly affected by anthropogenic pressures; however, there are large gaps in our understanding of the responses of inorganic nutrient and organic matter fluxes between benthic habitats and the water column. We illustrate the varied nature of physical and biological benthic–pelagic coupling processes and their potential sensitivity to three anthropogenic pressures – climate change, nutrient loading, and fishing – using the Baltic Sea as a case study and summarize current knowledge on the exchange of inorganic nutrients and organic material between habitats. Traditionally measured benthic–pelagic coupling processes (e.g., nutrient exchange and sedimentation of organic material) are to some extent quantifiable, but the magnitude and variability of biological processes are rarely assessed, preventing quantitative comparisons. Changing oxygen conditions will continue to have widespread effects on the processes that govern inorganic and organic matter exchange among habitats while climate change and nutrient load reductions may have large effects on organic matter sedimentation. Many biological processes (predation, bioturbation) are expected to be sensitive to anthropogenic drivers, but the outcomes for ecosystem function are largely unknown. We emphasize how improved empirical and experimental understanding of benthic–pelagic coupling processes and their variability are necessary to inform models that can quantify the feedbacks among processes and ecosystem responses to a changing world.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.2017.23.issue-6
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13642
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Four decades of functional community change reveals gradual trends and low interlinkage across trophic groups in a large marine ecosystem
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 25, No. 4 ( 2019-04), p. 1235-1246
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 25, No. 4 ( 2019-04), p. 1235-1246
    Abstract: The rate at which biological diversity is altered on both land and in the sea, makes temporal community development a critical and fundamental part of understanding global change. With advancements in trait‐based approaches, the focus on the impact of temporal change has shifted towards its potential effects on the functioning of the ecosystems. Our mechanistic understanding of and ability to predict community change is still impeded by the lack of knowledge in long‐term functional dynamics that span several trophic levels. To address this, we assessed species richness and multiple dimensions of functional diversity and dynamics of two interacting key organism groups in the marine food web: fish and zoobenthos. We utilized unique time series‐data spanning four decades, from three environmentally distinct coastal areas in the Baltic Sea, and assembled trait information on six traits per organism group covering aspects of feeding, living habit, reproduction and life history. We identified gradual long‐term trends, rather than abrupt changes in functional diversity (trait richness, evenness, dispersion) trait turnover, and overall multi‐trait community composition. The linkage between fish and zoobenthic functional community change, in terms of correlation in long‐term trends, was weak, with timing of changes being area and trophic group specific. Developments of fish and zoobenthos traits, particularly size (increase in small size for both groups) and feeding habits (e.g. increase in generalist feeding for fish and scavenging or predation for zoobenthos), suggest changes in trophic pathways. We summarize our findings by highlighting three key aspects for understanding functional change across trophic groups: (a) decoupling of species from trait richness, (b) decoupling of richness from density and (c) determining of turnover and multi‐trait dynamics. We therefore argue for quantifying change in multiple functional measures to help assessments of biodiversity change move beyond taxonomy and single trophic groups.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.2019.25.issue-4
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14552
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Variation in the sublittoral macrozoobenthos of the Baltic Sea along environmental gradients: A functional-group approach
    Wiley ; 1999
    In:  Austral Ecology Vol. 24, No. 4 ( 1999-08), p. 312-326
    Details
    In: Austral Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 24, No. 4 ( 1999-08), p. 312-326
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1442-9985 , 1442-9993
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1046/j.1442-9993.1999.00986.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2095166-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019899-1
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 14
    SSG: 7,29
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Altered Benthic Prey-Availability Due to Episodic Oxygen Deficiency Caused by Drifting Algal Mats
    Wiley ; 1996
    In:  Marine Ecology Vol. 17, No. 1-3 ( 1996-03), p. 355-372
    Details
    In: Marine Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 17, No. 1-3 ( 1996-03), p. 355-372
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0173-9565
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0485.1996.tb00514.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1996
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020745-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 225578-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A conceptual framework for marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning : Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning
    Wiley ; 2007
    In:  Marine Ecology Vol. 28 ( 2007-09-10), p. 134-145
    Details
    In: Marine Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 28 ( 2007-09-10), p. 134-145
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0173-9565
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/mae.2007.28.issue-s1
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0485.2007.00171.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020745-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 225578-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Zoobenthos as an environmental quality element: the ecological significance of sampling design and functional traits
    Wiley ; 2011
    In:  Marine Ecology Vol. 32, No. s1 ( 2011-04), p. 58-71
    Details
    In: Marine Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 32, No. s1 ( 2011-04), p. 58-71
    Abstract: The EC Water Frame Directive (WFD) states that all coastal water bodies must achieve ‘good ecological status’ by the year 2015. A range of different classification methods have been developed and used to define ecological status to support the WFD. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of using two different mesh sizes of sieve (1.0 and 0.5 mm) on zoobenthic assemblages and on the ecological status of benthic macrofauna (using the Brackish water benthic index, BBI) in three ecologically distinct archipelago areas (Inner, Middle and Outer) in the Åland Islands, Northern Baltic Sea. We performed a biological trait analysis (BTA) to evaluate differences in the functional (trait) diversity of macrofauna collected using different mesh sizes and estimate the ecological relevance of mesh size. The results showed that sieve mesh size had significant effects on the recorded number of species, abundance, and total biomass of the zoobenthos. Small‐bodied species and juveniles ( e.g. Macoma balthica ) were not observed when using a 1.0‐mm mesh. The ecological status ( sensu WFD) was only slightly affected by the mesh size, and all areas had good or high ecological status. BTA showed a difference in trait composition when using 0.5‐ or 1.0‐mm mesh, particularly in the Outer area, where the proportion of small‐sized species was high. Our results highlight how biological traits, in addition to species number and biomass, can play a key role when analyzing ecosystem structure for assessment and classification of coastal ecosystems. We show that combining traditional monitoring for the EU WFD with a functional analysis strengthens our ability to interpret environmental quality, and thus increases the precision of our advice for management purposes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0173-9565 , 1439-0485
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/mae.2011.32.issue-s1
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0485.2010.00417.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020745-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 225578-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Predation risk and competition affect habitat use of adult perch, Perca fluviatilis
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Fish Biology Vol. 96, No. 3 ( 2020-03), p. 669-680
    Details
    In: Journal of Fish Biology, Wiley, Vol. 96, No. 3 ( 2020-03), p. 669-680
    Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine how the presence of a predator and an interspecific competitor influence the habitat use of adult perch ( Perca fluviatilis ; size: 15.1 ± 0.5 cm) when given the choice between two adjacent habitats. By conducting aquarium experiments, the habitat occupancy of P. fluviatilis was documented in the presence and absence of a predator (pike Esox lucius ; size: 25.4 ± 2.1 cm) and a potential competitor (ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus ; size: 14.1 ± 0.3 cm) fish species. Two P. fluviatilis individuals generally shared the same habitat. In the presence of a conspecific, P. fluviatilis favoured the structurally more‐complex, artificial macrophyte habitat over the less‐structured rock and sand habitat, which in turn were used equally. In the predator‐ and competitor treatments, P. fluviatilis seemed to adapt their habitat use to the habitat occupancy of E. lucius and G. cernuus in the Macrophyte vs. Rock and, in the predator treatment, also in the Macrophyte vs. Sand habitat combination, by increasingly occupying a habitat that was used less by the predator or competitor species, respectively. This behaviour suggests that P. fluviatilis tried to avoid the other fish species by choosing a, in some cases less preferred, predator‐ or competitor‐free habitat. This study emphasizes the importance of biological interactions illustrated by the potential of predation risk and competition to structure fish communities by influencing habitat use at small spatial scales.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1112 , 1095-8649
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jfb.v96.3
    DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14258
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410564-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1471958-7
    SSG: 21,3
    SSG: 12
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