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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Limnology and Oceanography Letters Vol. 8, No. 5 ( 2023-10), p. 685-691
    In: Limnology and Oceanography Letters, Wiley, Vol. 8, No. 5 ( 2023-10), p. 685-691
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2378-2242 , 2378-2242
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2876718-4
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  • 2
    In: Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, Vol. 59, No. 5 ( 2014-09), p. 1570-1580
    Abstract: Thermal reaction norms for growth rates of six Emiliania huxleyi isolates originating from the central Atlantic (Azores, Portugal) and five isolates from the coastal North Atlantic (Bergen, Norway) were assessed. We used the template mode of variation model to decompose variations in growth rates into modes of biological interest: vertical shift, horizontal shift, and generalist—specialist variation. In line with the actual habitat conditions, isolates from Bergen (Bergen population) grew well at lower temperatures, and isolates from the Azores (Azores population) performed better at higher temperatures. The optimum growth temperature of the Azores population was significantly higher than that of the Bergen population. Neutral genetic differentiation was found between populations by microsatellite analysis. These findings indicate that E. huxleyi populations are adapted to local temperature regimes. Next to between‐population variation, we also found variation within populations. Genotype‐by‐environment interactions resulted in the most pronounced phenotypic differences when isolates were exposed to temperatures outside the range they naturally encounter. Variation in thermal reaction norms between and within populations emphasizes the importance of using more than one isolate when studying the consequences of global change on marine phytoplankton. Phenotypic plasticity and standing genetic variation will be important in determining the potential of natural E. huxleyi populations to cope with global climate change.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0024-3590 , 1939-5590
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033191-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 412737-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 14
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  New Phytologist Vol. 228, No. 6 ( 2020-12), p. 1710-1716
    In: New Phytologist, Wiley, Vol. 228, No. 6 ( 2020-12), p. 1710-1716
    Abstract: Phytoplankton growth rate is a key variable controlling species succession and ecosystem structure throughout the surface ocean. Carbonate chemistry conditions are known to influence phytoplankton growth rates but there is no conceptual framework allowing us to compare growth rate responses across taxa. Here we analyse the literature to show that phytoplankton growth rates follow an optimum curve response pattern whenever the tested species is exposed to a sufficiently large gradient in proton (H + ) concentrations. Based on previous findings with coccolithophores and diatoms, we argue that this ‘universal reaction norm’ is shaped by the stimulating influence of increasing inorganic carbon substrate (left side of the optimum) and the inhibiting influence of increase H + (right side of the optimum). We envisage that exploration of carbonate chemistry‐dependent optimum curves as a default experimental approach will boost our mechanistic understanding of phytoplankton responses to ocean acidification, like temperature curves have already boosted our mechanistic understanding to global warming.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-646X , 1469-8137
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208885-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472194-6
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2015
    In:  Limnology and Oceanography Vol. 60, No. 6 ( 2015-11), p. 2145-2157
    In: Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, Vol. 60, No. 6 ( 2015-11), p. 2145-2157
    Abstract: Global change leads to a multitude of simultaneous modifications in the marine realm among which shoaling of the upper mixed layer, leading to enhanced surface layer light intensities, as well as increased carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentration are some of the most critical environmental alterations for phytoplankton. In this study, we investigated the responses of growth, photosynthetic carbon fixation and calcification of the coccolithophore Gephyrocapsa oceanica to elevated (51 Pa, 105 Pa, and 152 Pa) (1 Pa ≈ 10 μatm) at a variety of light intensities (50–800 μ mol photons m −2 s −1 ). By fitting the light response curve, our results showed that rising reduced the maximum rates for growth, photosynthetic carbon fixation and calcification. Increasing light intensity enhanced the sensitivity of these rate responses to , and shifted the optima toward lower levels. Combining the results of this and a previous study (Sett et al. ) on the same strain indicates that both limiting low and inhibiting high levels (this study) induce similar responses, reducing growth, carbon fixation and calcification rates of G. oceanica . At limiting low light intensities the optima for maximum growth, carbon fixation and calcification are shifted toward higher levels. Interacting effects of simultaneously occurring environmental changes, such as increasing light intensity and ocean acidification, need to be considered when trying to assess metabolic rates of marine phytoplankton under future ocean scenarios.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0024-3590 , 1939-5590
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033191-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 412737-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 14
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  • 5
    In: Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, Vol. 66, No. 7 ( 2021-07), p. 2855-2867
    Abstract: Dinitrogen (N 2 ) fixation is a major source of bioavailable nitrogen to oligotrophic ocean communities. Yet, we have limited understanding how ongoing climate change could alter N 2 fixation. Most of our understanding is based on short‐term laboratory experiments conducted on individual N 2 ‐fixing species whereas community‐level approaches are rare. In this longer‐term in situ mesocosm study, we aimed to improve our understanding on the role of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and simulated deep water upwelling on N 2 and carbon (C) fixation rates in a natural oligotrophic plankton community. We deployed nine mesocosms in the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean and enriched seven of these with CO 2 to yield a range of treatments (partial pressure of CO 2 , p CO 2  = 352–1025 μatm). We measured rates of N 2 and C fixation in both light and dark incubations over the 55‐day study period. High p CO 2 negatively impacted light and dark N 2 fixation rates in the oligotrophic phase before simulated upwelling, while the effect reversed in the light N 2 fixation rates in the bloom decay phase after added nutrients were consumed. Dust deposition and simulated upwelling of nutrient‐rich deep water increased N 2 fixation rates and nifH gene abundances of selected clades including the unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacterium clade UCYN‐B. Elevated p CO 2 increased C fixation rates in the decay phase. We conclude that elevated p CO 2 and pulses of upwelling have pronounced effects on diazotrophy and primary producers, and upwelling and dust deposition modify the p CO 2 effect in natural assemblages.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0024-3590 , 1939-5590
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033191-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 412737-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 14
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  • 6
    In: New Phytologist, Wiley, Vol. 199, No. 1 ( 2013-07), p. 121-134
    Abstract: See also the Commentary by Beardall and Raven
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-646X , 1469-8137
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208885-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472194-6
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  • 7
    In: Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, Wiley
    Abstract: Accurate measurements of seawater carbonate chemistry are crucial for marine carbon cycle research. Certified reference materials (CRMs) are typically analyzed alongside samples to correct measurements for calibration drift. However, the COVID‐19 pandemic led to a limited access to CRMs. In response to this shortage, we prepared and monitored in‐house reference materials (IHRMs) for total alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), over 12 and 15 months, respectively. Overall, TA was stable, but a slight increase in DIC of about 2  μ mol kg −1 occurred over 15 months. The increase could potentially be attributed to bacterial growth, despite mercuric chloride fixation and repeated UV exposure. It is noted that this small increase was most likely within our instrument and measurements uncertainties. Our repeated measurements also identified a few bottles that had TA or DIC concentrations 4–5  μ mol kg −1 higher than the rest, indicating issues during cleaning, fixation, or storage of individual bottles. This study emphasizes the importance of careful and continuous monitoring if self‐prepared IHRMs are used. Given that the amount of work required is very high, IHRM preparation is only recommended when CRMs are not available.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1541-5856 , 1541-5856
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2161715-6
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  • 8
    In: Journal of Phycology, Wiley
    Abstract: Algal carbon‐to‐nitrogen (C:N) and carbon‐to‐phosphorus (C:P) ratios are fundamental for understanding many oceanic biogeochemical processes, such as nutrient flux and climate regulation. We synthesized literature data (444 species, 〉 400 locations) and collected original samples from Tasmania, Australia (51 species, 10 locations) to update the global ratios of seaweed carbon‐to‐nitrogen (C:N) and carbon‐to‐phosphorus (C:P). The updated global mean molar ratio for seaweed C:N is 20 (ranging from 6 to 123) and for C:P is 801 (ranging from 76 to 4102). The C:N and C:P ratios were significantly influenced by seawater inorganic nutrient concentrations and seasonality. Additionally, C:N ratios varied by phyla. Brown seaweeds (Ochrophyta, Phaeophyceae) had the highest mean C:N of 27.5 (range: 7.6–122.5), followed by green seaweeds (Chlorophyta) of 17.8 (6.2–54.3) and red seaweeds (Rhodophyta) of 14.8 (5.6–77.6). We used the updated C:N and C:P values to compare seaweed tissue stoichiometry with the most recently reported values for plankton community stoichiometry. Our results show that seaweeds have on average 2.8 and 4.0 times higher C:N and C:P than phytoplankton, indicating seaweeds can assimilate more carbon in their biomass for a given amount of nutrient resource. The stoichiometric comparison presented herein is central to the discourse on ocean afforestation (the deliberate replacement of phytoplankton with seaweeds to enhance the ocean biological carbon sink) by contributing to the understanding of the impact of nutrient reallocation from phytoplankton to seaweeds under large‐scale seaweed cultivation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3646 , 1529-8817
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 281226-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478748-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    In: Journal of Phycology, Wiley, Vol. 58, No. 3 ( 2022-06), p. 347-363
    Abstract: Carbon sequestration is defined as the secure storage of carbon‐containing molecules for 〉 100 years, and in the context of carbon dioxide removal for climate mitigation, the origin of this CO 2 is from the atmosphere. On land, trees globally sequester substantial amounts of carbon in woody biomass, and an analogous role for seaweeds in ocean carbon sequestration has been suggested. The purposeful expansion of natural seaweed beds and aquaculture systems, including into the open ocean (ocean afforestation), has been proposed as a method of increasing carbon sequestration and use in carbon trading and offset schemes. However, to verify whether CO 2 fixed by seaweeds through photosynthesis leads to carbon sequestration is extremely complex in the marine environment compared to terrestrial systems, because of the need to jointly consider: the comparatively rapid turnover of seaweed biomass, tracing the fate of carbon via particulate and dissolved organic carbon pathways in dynamic coastal waters, and the key role of atmosphere–ocean CO 2 exchange. We propose a Forensic Carbon Accounting approach, in which a thorough analysis of carbon flows between the atmosphere and ocean, and into and out of seaweeds would be undertaken, for assessing the magnitude of CO 2 removal and robust attribution of carbon sequestration to seaweeds.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3646 , 1529-8817
    URL: Issue
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 281226-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478748-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 30, No. 1 ( 2024-01)
    Abstract: Gelatinous zooplankton are increasingly recognized to play a key role in the ocean's biological carbon pump. Appendicularians, a class of pelagic tunicates, are among the most abundant gelatinous plankton in the ocean, but it is an open question how their contribution to carbon export might change in the future. Here, we conducted an experiment with large volume in situ mesocosms (~55–60 m 3 and 21 m depth) to investigate how ocean acidification (OA) extreme events affect food web structure and carbon export in a natural plankton community, particularly focusing on the keystone species Oikopleura dioica , a globally abundant appendicularian. We found a profound influence of O. dioica on vertical carbon fluxes, particularly during a short but intense bloom period in the high CO 2 treatment, during which carbon export was 42%–64% higher than under ambient conditions. This elevated flux was mostly driven by an almost twofold increase in O. dioica biomass under high CO 2 . This rapid population increase was linked to enhanced fecundity (+20%) that likely resulted from physiological benefits of low pH conditions. The resulting competitive advantage of O. dioica resulted in enhanced grazing on phytoplankton and transfer of this consumed biomass into sinking particles. Using a simple carbon flux model for O. dioica , we estimate that high CO 2 doubled the carbon flux of discarded mucous houses and fecal pellets, accounting for up to 39% of total carbon export from the ecosystem during the bloom. Considering the wide geographic distribution of O. dioica , our findings suggest that appendicularians may become an increasingly important vector of carbon export with ongoing OA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
    SSG: 12
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