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  • 1
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    TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 26, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 119-188
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 26, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 119-188
    Abstract: Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits—almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.v26.1
    DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14904
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
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  • 2
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    Plant community structure and nitrogen inputs modulate the climate signal on leaf traits
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Global Ecology and Biogeography Vol. 26, No. 10 ( 2017-10), p. 1138-1152
    Details
    In: Global Ecology and Biogeography, Wiley, Vol. 26, No. 10 ( 2017-10), p. 1138-1152
    Abstract: Leaf traits strongly impact biogeochemical cycles in terrestrial ecosystems. Understanding leaf trait variation along environmental gradients is thus essential to improve the representation of vegetation in Earth system models. Our aims were to quantify relationships between leaf traits and climate in permanent grasslands at a biogeographical scale and to test whether these relationships were sensitive to (a) the level of nitrogen inputs and (b) the inclusion of information pertaining to plant community organization. Location Permanent grasslands throughout France. Methods We combined existing datasets on climate, soil, nitrogen inputs (fertilization and deposition), species composition and four traits, namely specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content and leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, for 15,865 French permanent grasslands. Trait–climate relationships were tested using the following four climatic variables available across 1,833 pixels (5 km × 5 km): mean annual temperature (MAT) and precipitation (MAP), and two indices accounting for the length of the growing season. We compared these relationships at the pixel level using either using community‐level or species’ trait means. Results Our findings were as follows: (a) leaf traits related to plant nutrient economy shift consistently along a gradient of growing season length accounting for temperature and soil water limitations of plant growth (GSL tw ); (b) weighting leaf traits by species abundance in local communities is pivotal to capture leaf trait–environment relationships correctly at a biogeographical scale; and (c) the relationships between traits and GSL tw weaken for grasslands with a high nitrogen input. Main conclusions The effects of climate on plant communities are better described using composite descriptors than coarse variables such as MAT or MAP, but appear weaker for high‐nitrogen grasslands. Using information at the community level tends to strengthen trait–climate relationships. The interplay of land management, community assembly and bioclimate appears crucial to the prediction of leaf trait variations and their effects on biogeochemical cycles.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1466-822X , 1466-8238
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/geb.2017.26.issue-10
    DOI: 10.1111/geb.12623
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1479787-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021283-5
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  • 3
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    Towards a thesaurus of plant characteristics: an ecological contribution
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Ecology Vol. 105, No. 2 ( 2017-03), p. 298-309
    Details
    In: Journal of Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 105, No. 2 ( 2017-03), p. 298-309
    Abstract: Ecological research produces a tremendous amount of data, but the diversity in scales and topics covered and the ways in which studies are carried out result in large numbers of small, idiosyncratic data sets using heterogeneous terminologies. Such heterogeneity can be attributed, in part, to a lack of standards for acquiring, organizing and describing data. Here, we propose a terminological resource, a T hesaurus O f P lant characteristics ( TOP ), whose aim is to harmonize and formalize concepts for plant characteristics widely used in ecology. TOP concentrates on two types of plant characteristics: traits and environmental associations. It builds on previous initiatives for several aspects: (i) characteristics are designed following the entity‐quality (EQ) model (a characteristic is modelled as the ‘Quality’ 〈 Q 〉 of an ‘Entity’ 〈 E 〉 ) used in the context of Open Biological Ontologies; (ii) whenever possible, the Entities and Qualities are taken from existing terminology standards, mainly the Plant Ontology ( PO ) and Phenotypic Quality Ontology ( PATO ) ontologies; and (iii) whenever a characteristic already has a definition, if appropriate, it is reused and referenced. The development of TOP , which complies with semantic web principles, was carried out through the involvement of experts from both the ecology and the semantics research communities. Regular updates of TOP are planned, based on community feedback and involvement. TOP provides names, definitions, units, synonyms and related terms for about 850 plant characteristics. TOP is available online ( www.top-thesaurus.org ), and can be browsed using an alphabetical list of characteristics, a hierarchical tree of characteristics, a faceted and a free‐text search, and through an Application Programming Interface. Synthesis . Harmonizing definitions of concepts, as proposed by TOP , forms the basis for better integration of data across heterogeneous data sets and terminologies, thereby increasing the potential for data reuse. It also allows enhanced scientific synthesis. TOP therefore has the potential to improve research and communication not only within the field of ecology, but also in related fields with interest in plant functioning and distribution.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0477 , 1365-2745
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jec.2017.105.issue-2
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.12698
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3023-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004136-6
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  • 4
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    Emergent effects of ground beetles size diversity on the strength of prey suppression
    Wiley ; 2014
    In:  Ecological Entomology Vol. 39, No. 1 ( 2014-02), p. 47-57
    Details
    In: Ecological Entomology, Wiley, Vol. 39, No. 1 ( 2014-02), p. 47-57
    Abstract: Determining how multiple predators provide better prey suppression is a key step towards developing conservation biological control strategies. While numerous previous studies have demonstrated that diverse predator assemblages can be more effective in controlling pest populations, others have shown that it is the presence or absence of competitively superior species that is critical to pest biological control (i.e. selection effect). The present study investigated how increasing ground beetle body size diversity increases prey suppression. A mesocosm experiment was conducted to compare invertebrate prey suppression between nine created ground beetle assemblages. Size diversity of these assemblages was manipulated according to three diversity levels: low, medium, and high diversity. Partitioning of the diversity effects revealed that increasing the ground beetle size diversity had no effect on the strength of prey suppression. The absence of an effect of ground beetle size diversity may be because of the absence of resource partitioning among different‐sized ground beetles. The amount and range of prey consumed increased with increasing ground beetle body size. Thus, prey suppression was strongly strengthened by the presence of large ground beetles in the assemblages. The present results suggest that for biological pest control, Agri‐managers should emphasise practices that promote the presence of large carabids. This is not only because promoting the presence of large carabids could be at least as effective as conserving a diverse ground beetle community, but also because large ground beetles are more vulnerable to environmental disturbances and to predation than ground beetles of the other size classes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0307-6946 , 1365-2311
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/een.2014.39.issue-1
    DOI: 10.1111/een.12064
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020189-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 196048-9
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  • 5
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    Sensitivity of community‐level trait–environment relationships to data representativeness: A test for functional biogeography
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Global Ecology and Biogeography Vol. 26, No. 6 ( 2017-06), p. 729-739
    Details
    In: Global Ecology and Biogeography, Wiley, Vol. 26, No. 6 ( 2017-06), p. 729-739
    Abstract: The characterization of trait–environment relationships over broad‐scale gradients is a critical goal for ecology and biogeography. This implies the merging of plot and trait databases to assess community‐level trait‐based statistics. Potential shortcomings and limitations of this approach are that: (i) species traits are not measured where the community is sampled and (ii) the availability of trait data varies considerably across species and plots. Here we address the effect of trait data representativeness [the sampling effort per species and per plot] on the accuracy of (i) species‐level and (ii) community‐level trait estimates and (iii) the consequences for the shape and strength of trait–environment relationships across communities. Innovation We combined information existing in databases of vegetation plots and plant traits to estimate community‐weighted means [CWMs] of four key traits [specific leaf area, plant height, seed mass and leaf nitrogen content per dry mass] in permanent grasslands at a country‐wide scale. We propose a generic approach for systematic sensitivity analyses based on random subsampling and data reduction to address the representativeness of incomplete and heterogeneous trait information when exploring trait–environment relationships across communities. Main conclusions The accuracy of the CWMs was little affected by the number of individual trait values per species [NIV] but strongly affected by the cover proportion of species with available trait values [ P Cover ]. A P Cover above 80% was required for all four traits studied to obtain an estimation bias below 5%. Our approach therefore provides more conservative criteria than previously proposed. Restrictive criteria on both NIV and P Cover primarily excluded communities in harsh environments, and such reduction of the sampled gradient weakened trait–environment relationships. These findings advocate systematic measurement campaigns in natural environments to increase species coverage in global trait databases, with special emphasis on species occurring in under‐sampled and harsh environmental conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1466-822X , 1466-8238
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/geb.2017.26.issue-6
    DOI: 10.1111/geb.12573
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1479787-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021283-5
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  • 6
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    Oncostatin M overexpression induces skin inflammation but is not required in the mouse model of imiquimod‐induced psoriasis‐like inflammation
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  European Journal of Immunology Vol. 46, No. 7 ( 2016-07), p. 1737-1751
    Details
    In: European Journal of Immunology, Wiley, Vol. 46, No. 7 ( 2016-07), p. 1737-1751
    Abstract: Oncostatin M (OSM) has been reported to be overexpressed in psoriasis skin lesions and to exert proinflammatory effects in vitro on human keratinocytes. Here, we report the proinflammatory role of OSM in vivo in a mouse model of skin inflammation induced by intradermal injection of murine OSM‐encoding adenovirus (AdOSM) and compare with that induced by IL‐6 injection. Here, we show that OSM potently regulates the expression of genes involved in skin inflammation and epidermal differentiation in murine primary keratinocytes. In vivo, intradermal injection of AdOSM in mouse ears provoked robust skin inflammation with epidermal thickening and keratinocyte proliferation, while minimal effect was observed after AdIL‐6 injection. OSM overexpression in the skin increased the expression of the S100A8/9 antimicrobial peptides, CXCL3, CCL2, CCL5, CCL20, and Th1/Th2 cytokines, in correlation with neutrophil and macrophage infiltration. In contrast, OSM downregulated the expression of epidermal differentiation genes, such as cytokeratin‐10 or filaggrin. Collectively, these results support the proinflammatory role of OSM when it is overexpressed in the skin. However, OSM expression was not required in the murine model of psoriasis induced by topical application of imiquimod, as demonstrated by the inflammatory phenotype of OSM‐deficient mice or wild‐type mice treated with anti‐OSM antibodies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0014-2980 , 1521-4141
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/eji.v46.7
    DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546216
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491907-2
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  • 7
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    Interactive effects of land‐use change and distance‐to‐edge on the distribution of species in plant communities at the forest–grassland interface
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Vegetation Science Vol. 28, No. 3 ( 2017-05), p. 515-526
    Details
    In: Journal of Vegetation Science, Wiley, Vol. 28, No. 3 ( 2017-05), p. 515-526
    Abstract: What are the patterns of plant communities in terms of richness and floristic composition along stable forest–grassland interfaces? Are there specific species at the edge and/or specialist species transgressions between adjacent habitats? How does edge displacement following land‐use change alter distance‐to‐edge plant diversity patterns? What are the relative influences of the edge effect and the edge displacement in forests and grasslands? Location Forests and grasslands in northeast France. Methods Floristic surveys were conducted in three types of forest–grassland interface, which can be stable or the result of edge displacements due to afforestation or deforestation. The sample comprised a total of 132 plots in 22 forest–grassland interfaces. Point‐biserial correlation coefficients were used to classify the species into several groups in stable interfaces: forest, edge or grassland specialists and generalists. Using LMMs and Tukey's HSD tests, the total species richness and that of each species group were compared between the plot positions (i.e. distance‐to‐edge) and between the stable interfaces and cases of afforestation and deforestation. To evaluate the relative influence of the edge effect (plot position) and edge displacement (afforestation/deforestation) on plant community composition, CCAs and variation partitionings were performed. Results The largest difference in both plant community richness and composition was found between the forest and grassland edges. The highest species richness was found at the grassland edges. In addition to a high number of generalist species, a mixture of forest and grassland specialist species were predominant at the edges, and the forest specialists were almost the only transgressive species. Afforestation interfaces showed an extinction debt of grassland and edge specialist species and a colonization credit of forest specialists in recent forests. The effects of edge displacement were larger than those of the edge effect in forests, and the opposite was observed in the grasslands. Conclusions Forest and grassland plant communities differ strongly even over very short distances. However, the edges host a large number of forest and grassland specialist species, which explain higher species richness than in adjacent habitats. This results from interactive effects of distance‐to‐edge and edge displacement following land‐use change.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1100-9233 , 1654-1103
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.2017.28.issue-3
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.12501
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2047714-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1053769-7
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  • 8
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    The functional trait spectrum of European temperate grasslands
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Vegetation Science Vol. 30, No. 5 ( 2019-09), p. 777-788
    Details
    In: Journal of Vegetation Science, Wiley, Vol. 30, No. 5 ( 2019-09), p. 777-788
    Abstract: What is the functional trait variation of European temperate grasslands and how does this reflect global patterns of plant form and function? Do habitat specialists show trait differentiation across habitat types? Location Europe. Methods We compiled 18 regeneration and non‐regeneration traits for a continental species pool consisting of 645 species frequent in five grassland types. These grassland types are widely distributed in Europe but differentiated by altitude, soil bedrock and traditional long‐term management and disturbance regimes. We evaluated the multivariate trait space of this entire species pool and compared multi‐trait variation and mean trait values of habitat specialists grouped by grassland type. Results The first dimension of the trait space accounted for 23% of variation and reflected a gradient between fast‐growing and slow‐growing plants. Plant height and SLA contributed to both the first and second ordination axes. Regeneration traits mainly contributed to the second and following dimensions to explain 56% of variation across the first five axes. Habitat specialists showed functional differences between grassland types mainly through non‐regeneration traits. Conclusions The trait spectrum of plants dominating European temperate grasslands is primarily explained by growth strategies which are analogous to the trait variation observed at the global scale, and secondly by regeneration strategies. Functional differentiation of habitat specialists across grassland types is mainly related to environmental filtering linked with altitude and disturbance. This filtering pattern is mainly observed in non‐regeneration traits, while most regeneration traits demonstrate multiple strategies within the same habitat type.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1100-9233 , 1654-1103
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.v30.5
    DOI: 10.1111/jvs.12784
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2047714-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1053769-7
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  • 9
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    Filling the gap in functional trait databases: use of ecological hypotheses to replace missing data
    Wiley ; 2014
    In:  Ecology and Evolution Vol. 4, No. 7 ( 2014-04), p. 944-958
    Details
    In: Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, Vol. 4, No. 7 ( 2014-04), p. 944-958
    Abstract: Functional trait databases are powerful tools in ecology, though most of them contain large amounts of missing values. The goal of this study was to test the effect of imputation methods on the evaluation of trait values at species level and on the subsequent calculation of functional diversity indices at community level using functional trait databases. Two simple imputation methods (average and median), two methods based on ecological hypotheses, and one multiple imputation method were tested using a large plant trait database, together with the influence of the percentage of missing data and differences between functional traits. At community level, the complete‐case approach and three functional diversity indices calculated from grassland plant communities were included. At the species level, one of the methods based on ecological hypothesis was for all traits more accurate than imputation with average or median values, but the multiple imputation method was superior for most of the traits. The method based on functional proximity between species was the best method for traits with an unbalanced distribution, while the method based on the existence of relationships between traits was the best for traits with a balanced distribution. The ranking of the grassland communities for their functional diversity indices was not robust with the complete‐case approach, even for low percentages of missing data. With the imputation methods based on ecological hypotheses, functional diversity indices could be computed with a maximum of 30% of missing data, without affecting the ranking between grassland communities. The multiple imputation method performed well, but not better than single imputation based on ecological hypothesis and adapted to the distribution of the trait values for the functional identity and range of the communities. Ecological studies using functional trait databases have to deal with missing data using imputation methods corresponding to their specific needs and making the most out of the information available in the databases. Within this framework, this study indicates the possibilities and limits of single imputation methods based on ecological hypothesis and concludes that they could be useful when studying the ranking of communities for their functional diversity indices.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-7758 , 2045-7758
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2014.4.issue-7
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.989
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2635675-2
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  • 10
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    Functional trait composition of carabid beetle communities predicts prey suppression through both mass ratio and niche complementarity mechanisms
    Wiley ; 2024
    In:  Insect Science Vol. 31, No. 2 ( 2024-04), p. 562-574
    Details
    In: Insect Science, Wiley, Vol. 31, No. 2 ( 2024-04), p. 562-574
    Abstract: Several components of predator functional diversity have been hypothesized to influence prey suppression through either niche complementarity or mass ratio effects. Nevertheless, most studies have used a functional group approach when assessing the role of these predators in ecosystem functioning. By adopting a trait‐based approach, we evaluated the relative contributions of carabid diversity components in predicting prey suppression. Our results highlight the importance of both taxonomic and functional diversity components of carabids as key drivers of prey suppression. Prey suppression was best predicted by carabid densities, with the dominance of Poecilus cupreus potentially driving the positive effect of community total abundance through the mass ratio effect. Prey suppression increased with increasing the density of large carabids. In addition, carabid eye diameter and antennal length were key functional traits for predicting prey suppression. Furthermore, prey suppression increased with increasing carabid functional richness following the niche complementarity effect. In contrast to functional richness, functional evenness and functional divergence of carabid communities were weakly correlated with prey suppression. By identifying which diversity components of carabid communities contribute the most to increase prey suppression, our results can guide efforts aiming to predict the relationship between diversity of these predators and ecosystem functioning.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1672-9609 , 1744-7917
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ins.v31.2
    DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13261
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2179775-4
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