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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Ecology Vol. 103, No. 6 ( 2022-06)
    Details
    In: Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 103, No. 6 ( 2022-06)
    Abstract: Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia ( n  =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera ( n  = 18,857), Carnivora ( n  = 18,594), Lagomorpha ( n  = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla ( n  = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla ( n  = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [ n  = 12,159], Monachus monachus [ n  = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [ n  = 197]). We believe that th is data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation‐related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-9658 , 1939-9170
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ecy.v103.6
    DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3654
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 2
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    Function and underlying mechanisms of seasonal colour moulting in mammals and birds: what keeps them changing in a warming world?
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Biological Reviews Vol. 93, No. 3 ( 2018-08), p. 1478-1498
    Details
    In: Biological Reviews, Wiley, Vol. 93, No. 3 ( 2018-08), p. 1478-1498
    Abstract: Animals that occupy temperate and polar regions have specialized traits that help them survive in harsh, highly seasonal environments. One particularly important adaptation is seasonal coat colour (SCC) moulting. Over 20 species of birds and mammals distributed across the northern hemisphere undergo complete, biannual colour change from brown in the summer to completely white in the winter. But as climate change decreases duration of snow cover, seasonally winter white species (including the snowshoe hare Lepus americanus , Arctic fox Vulpes lagopus and willow ptarmigan Lagopus lagopus ) become highly contrasted against dark snowless backgrounds. The negative consequences of camouflage mismatch and adaptive potential is of high interest for conservation. Here we provide the first comprehensive review across birds and mammals of the adaptive value and mechanisms underpinning SCC moulting. We found that across species, the main function of SCC moults is seasonal camouflage against snow, and photoperiod is the main driver of the moult phenology. Next, although many underlying mechanisms remain unclear, mammalian species share similarities in some aspects of hair growth, neuroendocrine control, and the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on moult phenology. The underlying basis of SCC moults in birds is less understood and differs from mammals in several aspects. Lastly, our synthesis suggests that due to limited plasticity in SCC moulting, evolutionary adaptation will be necessary to mediate future camouflage mismatch and a detailed understanding of the SCC moulting will be needed to manage populations effectively under climate change.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1464-7931 , 1469-185X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/brv.2018.93.issue-3
    DOI: 10.1111/brv.12405
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1423558-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1476789-2
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  • 3
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    Females know better: Sex‐biased habitat selection by the European wildcat
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Ecology and Evolution Vol. 8, No. 18 ( 2018-09), p. 9464-9477
    Details
    In: Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, Vol. 8, No. 18 ( 2018-09), p. 9464-9477
    Abstract: The interactions between animals and their environment vary across species, regions, but also with gender. Sex‐specific relations between individuals and the ecosystem may entail different behavioral choices and be expressed through different patterns of habitat use. Regardless, only rarely sex‐specific traits are addressed in ecological modeling approaches. The European wildcat ( Felis silvestris silvestris ) is a species of conservation concern in Europe, with a highly fragmented and declining distribution across most of its range. We assessed sex‐specific habitat selection patterns for the European wildcat, at the landscape and home range levels, across its Iberian biogeographic distribution using a multipopulation approach. We developed resource selection functions in a use‐availability framework using radio‐telemetry data from five wildcat populations. At the landscape level, we observed that, while both genders preferentially established home ranges in areas close to broadleaf forests and far from humanized areas, females selected mid‐range elevation areas with some topographic complexity, whereas males used lowland areas. At the home range level, both females and males selected areas dominated by scrublands or broadleaf forests, but habitat features were less important at this level. The strength of association to habitat features was higher for females at both spatial levels, suggesting a tendency to select habitats with higher quality that can grant them enhanced access to shelter and feeding resources. Based on our results, we hypothesize that sex‐biased behavioral patterns may contribute to the resilience of wildcats’ genetic integrity through influencing the directionality of hybridization with domestic cats. Our study provides information about European wildcats’ habitat use in an Iberian context, relevant for the implementation of conservation plans, and highlights the ecological relevance of considering sex‐related differences in environmental preferences.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-7758 , 2045-7758
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2018.8.issue-18
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4442
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2635675-2
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  • 4
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    Parapatric species and the implications for climate change studies: a case study on hares in Europe
    Wiley ; 2012
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 18, No. 5 ( 2012-05), p. 1509-1519
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 18, No. 5 ( 2012-05), p. 1509-1519
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02655.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 5
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    Genetic identification of endangered N orth A frican ungulates using noninvasive sampling
    Wiley ; 2015
    In:  Molecular Ecology Resources Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2015-05), p. 652-661
    Details
    In: Molecular Ecology Resources, Wiley, Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2015-05), p. 652-661
    Abstract: North African ungulates include several threatened and emblematic species, yet are poorly studied mainly due to their remoteness and elusiveness. Noninvasive sampling provides a useful approach to obtain ecological and genetic information essential to guide conservation actions. The very first and most important step in conservation planning is to accurately identify species, and molecular genetics has been proved to be a useful tool. Several molecular genetics protocols are available for species identification, even for samples with poor quality DNA, such as faeces, hairs or bones. Most of these protocols use mitochondrial DNA for barcoding despite this marker being especially prone to problems, including mtDNA introgression, nuclear insert copies, high intraspecific diversity or heteroplasmy. In this work, we developed a molecular method based on polymorphisms in small fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb, mtDNA) and the nuclear kappa casein genes (KCAS, nDNA ) for identifying endangered North African ungulates. These fragments revealed polymorphisms, including species‐specific variation, which allowed species identification of nine ungulate species that co‐occur in North Africa. The method was validated across more than 400 samples, including different types of noninvasive samples collected in the field. The simplicity, high reliability and relative low cost of the described method make it a promising tool to improve ecological studies of the North African ungulates and consequently, the implementation of more efficient management and conservation plans for these endangered ungulates.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1755-098X , 1755-0998
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/men.2015.15.issue-3
    DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12335
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 6
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    Estimating home‐range size: when to include a third dimension?
    Wiley ; 2013
    In:  Ecology and Evolution Vol. 3, No. 7 ( 2013-07), p. 2285-2295
    Details
    In: Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, Vol. 3, No. 7 ( 2013-07), p. 2285-2295
    Abstract: Most studies dealing with home ranges consider the study areas as if they were totally flat, working only in two dimensions, when in reality they are irregular surfaces displayed in three dimensions. By disregarding the third dimension (i.e., topography), the size of home ranges underestimates the surface actually occupied by the animal, potentially leading to misinterpretations of the animals' ecological needs. We explored the influence of considering the third dimension in the estimation of home‐range size by modeling the variation between the planimetric and topographic estimates at several spatial scales. Our results revealed that planimetric approaches underestimate home‐range size estimations, which range from nearly zero up to 22%. The difference between planimetric and topographic estimates of home‐ranges sizes produced highly robust models using the average slope as the sole independent factor. Moreover, our models suggest that planimetric estimates in areas with an average slope of 16.3° (±0.4) or more will incur in errors ≥5%. Alternatively, the altitudinal range can be used as an indicator of the need to include topography in home‐range estimates. Our results confirmed that home‐range estimates could be significantly biased when topography is disregarded. We suggest that study areas where home‐range studies will be performed should firstly be scoped for its altitudinal range, which can serve as an indicator for the need for posterior use of average slope values to model the surface area used and/or available for the studied animals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-7758 , 2045-7758
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2013.3.issue-7
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.590
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 7
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    Catch Me If You Can: Diel Activity Patterns of Mammalian Prey and Predators
    Wiley ; 2013
    In:  Ethology Vol. 119, No. 12 ( 2013-12), p. 1044-1056
    Details
    In: Ethology, Wiley, Vol. 119, No. 12 ( 2013-12), p. 1044-1056
    Abstract: The activity patterns exhibited by animals are shaped by evolution, but additionally fine‐tuned by flexible responses to the environment. Predation risk and resource availability are environmental cues which influence the behavioural decisions that make both predators and prey engage in activity bursts, and depending on their local importance, can be strong enough to override the endogenous regulation of an animals’ circadian clock. In Southern Europe, wherever the European rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) is abundant, it is the main prey of most mammalian mesopredators, and rodents are generally the alternative prey. We evaluated the bidirectional relation between the diel activity strategies of these mammalian mesopredators and prey coexisting in south‐western Europe. Results revealed that even though predation risk enforced by mammalian mesocarnivores during night‐time was approximately twice and five times higher than during twilight and daytime, respectively, murids consistently displayed unimodal nocturnal behaviour. Conversely, the European rabbits exhibited a bimodal pattern that peaked around sunrise and sunset. Despite the existence of some overlap between the diel rhythms of mesocarnivores and rabbits, their patterns were not synchronized. We suggest that the environmental stressors in our study areas are not severe enough to override the endogenous regulation of the circadian cycle in murids. European rabbits, however, are able to suppress their biological tendency for nocturnality by selecting a predominantly crepuscular pattern. In spite of the higher energetic input, mesocarnivores do not completely track rabbits’ activity pattern. They rather track rodents’ activity. We propose that these systems have probably evolved towards a situation where some degree of activity during high‐risk periods benefits the overall prey population survival, while the accessibility to sufficient prey prevents predators to completely track them.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0179-1613 , 1439-0310
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/eth.2013.119.issue-12
    DOI: 10.1111/eth.12156
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 8
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    Does short‐term habitat management for the European rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) have lasting effects?
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Ecological Research Vol. 34, No. 2 ( 2019-03), p. 296-308
    Details
    In: Ecological Research, Wiley, Vol. 34, No. 2 ( 2019-03), p. 296-308
    Abstract: The European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus , a keystone species of Mediterranean ecosystems, is the target of several recovery and management plans throughout the Iberian Peninsula. The majority of these plans are limited in time by budget constraints and lack postintervention monitoring of population trends. This study was conducted in south‐west Portugal and aimed to understand the effect of habitat management and its early cessation on rabbit populations. We assessed rabbit presence and relative abundance before management (2007), during the implementation of measures (2008), immediately after (2009) and 3 years after measures ended (2012). We applied a model selection approach, using generalized linear models to determine the relative importance of MANAGED and UNMANAGED habitat features on rabbit presence in each year. We used spatial eigenvector mapping to describe the spatial autocorrelation in rabbit presence and a variation partitioning approach to quantify the relative effects of management‐related variables, unmanaged environmental descriptors and spatial characteristics on rabbit presence. Rabbit presence and abundance increased shortly after the management intervention but decreased 3 years after. Rabbit presence was positively related to the proximity of installed crops and the existence of favorable soils for digging. Habitat management‐related variables explained most of the variation in all models. Habitat improvement actions, particularly the sowing of pastures, contributed to increased rabbit presence. We propose a continued long‐term intervention and the cultivation of crops with auto‐regeneration properties (e.g., subterranean clover— Trifolium subterraneum ) with the aim of continuing to increase rabbit presence and abundance in areas where rabbit populations are scarce.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0912-3814 , 1440-1703
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ere.2019.34.issue-2
    DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.1064
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2023900-2
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  • 9
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    Histological and Behavioral Toxicity of Tributyltin in the Tropical Guppy Poecilia vivipara
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Vol. 39, No. 10 ( 2020-10), p. 1953-1963
    Details
    In: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Wiley, Vol. 39, No. 10 ( 2020-10), p. 1953-1963
    Abstract: The tropical estuarine guppy Poecilia vivipara was used to address fish early life stage toxicity caused by the antifouling contaminant tributyltin. Six‐day‐old P. vivipara were exposed for 7 d to control water and waterborne tributyltin at 15.8, 83.8, 716, and 818 ng tin (Sn) L –1 . After exposure, swimming, feeding, growth, and eye histological endpoints were evaluated. Histopathological analysis of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) indicated alterations in pigment positioning at all tributyltin concentrations. A dose‐dependent increase in photoreceptor layer disorganization and iris melanin hyperpigmentation was verified, and high frequencies of RPE invaginations and iris epithelial cell atrophy were observed even at the lowest exposure concentration of 15.8 ng Sn L –1 . At the highest exposure level (818 ng Sn L –1 ) fish also presented reductions in swimming speed, swimming resistance, daily capture of Artemia nauplii, and growth in weight of 85, 60, 33, and 56% relative to controls, respectively. This association between retinal histopathology and reduced swimming and foraging behavior can reduce recruitment to the adult population. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1953–1963. © 2020 SETAC
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0730-7268 , 1552-8618
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/etc.v39.10
    DOI: 10.1002/etc.4808
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027441-5
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  • 10
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    Contamination and Toxicity of Surface Waters Along Rural and Urban Regions of the Capibaribe River in Tropical Northeastern Brazil
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Vol. 40, No. 11 ( 2021-11), p. 3063-3077
    Details
    In: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Wiley, Vol. 40, No. 11 ( 2021-11), p. 3063-3077
    Abstract: The Capibaribe River provides water to a population of 1.7 million people in the Brazilian northeast, while receiving agricultural runoff and industrial and domestic effluents along its 280 km. The present study evaluated the ecotoxicity of surface waters along ten sites in rural and urban areas using zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) early‐life stages and related it to water quality indices and chemical abiotic variables. Lethality rates, delays in embryo‐larval development quantified by the general morphology score (GMS), and frequencies of developmental abnormalities were analyzed. A correlation was detected between zebrafish GMS and water quality index (WQI), sensitivity to domestic sewage contamination, and trophic state index, focused on eutrophication. These indices agreed in identifying a spatial pattern of smaller impact in terms of ecotoxicity, domestic sewage contamination, and eutrophication risk at three sites in rural areas (mean GMS 16.9), an intermediate impact at four sites with urban and agricultural influence (mean GMS 16.4), and greatest impacts at three more urbanized sites (mean GMS 14.9). Most frequent developmental abnormalities included noninflation of the swim bladder, delayed hatching, nonprotrusion of the mouth, blood stasis, and nondevelopment of pectoral fins. Toxic NH 3 concentrations varied spatially, with higher concentrations in urban sites; and blood stasis correlated positively with NH 3 , suggesting a causal relationship. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were detected in both rural and urbanized sites, contributing to detected toxicity. The present study demonstrates the potential of zebrafish early‐life stages as an ecotoxicological model that may contribute to a better understanding of surface water quality and ecotoxicity in tropical river systems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:3063–3077. © 2021 SETAC
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0730-7268 , 1552-8618
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/etc.v40.11
    DOI: 10.1002/etc.5180
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2027441-5
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