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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2012
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 18, No. 3 ( 2012-03), p. 843-853
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 18, No. 3 ( 2012-03), p. 843-853
    Abstract: Ocean acidity has increased by 30% since preindustrial times due to the uptake of anthropogenic CO 2 and is projected to rise by another 120% before 2100 if CO 2 emissions continue at current rates. Ocean acidification is expected to have wide‐ranging impacts on marine life, including reduced growth and net erosion of coral reefs. Our present understanding of the impacts of ocean acidification on marine life, however, relies heavily on results from short‐term CO 2 perturbation studies. Here, we present results from the first long‐term CO 2 perturbation study on the dominant reef‐building cold‐water coral L ophelia pertusa and relate them to results from a short‐term study to compare the effect of exposure time on the coral's responses. Short‐term (1 week) high CO 2 exposure resulted in a decline of calcification by 26–29% for a pH decrease of 0.1 units and net dissolution of calcium carbonate. In contrast, L . pertusa was capable to acclimate to acidified conditions in long‐term (6 months) incubations, leading to even slightly enhanced rates of calcification. Net growth is sustained even in waters sub‐saturated with respect to aragonite. Acclimation to seawater acidification did not cause a measurable increase in metabolic rates. This is the first evidence of successful acclimation in a coral species to ocean acidification, emphasizing the general need for long‐term incubations in ocean acidification research. To conclude on the sensitivity of cold‐water coral reefs to future ocean acidification further ecophysiological studies are necessary which should also encompass the role of food availability and rising temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2012
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 18, No. 12 ( 2012-12), p. 3517-3528
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 18, No. 12 ( 2012-12), p. 3517-3528
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2011
    In:  Environmental Microbiology Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2011-12), p. 3250-3265
    In: Environmental Microbiology, Wiley, Vol. 13, No. 12 ( 2011-12), p. 3250-3265
    Abstract: Biomineralization in the marine phytoplankton Emiliania huxleyi is a stringently controlled intracellular process. The molecular basis of coccolith production is still relatively unknown although its importance in global biogeochemical cycles and varying sensitivity to increased pCO 2 levels has been well documented. This study looks into the role of several candidate Ca 2+ , H + and inorganic carbon transport genes in E. huxleyi , using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. Differential gene expression analysis was investigated in two isogenic pairs of calcifying and non‐calcifying strains of E. huxleyi and cultures grown at various Ca 2+ concentrations to alter calcite production. We show that calcification correlated to the consistent upregulation of a putative HCO 3 ‐ transporter belonging to the solute carrier 4 (SLC4) family, a Ca 2+ /H + exchanger belonging to the CAX family of exchangers and a vacuolar H + ‐ATPase. We also show that the coccolith‐associated protein, GPA is downregulated in calcifying cells. The data provide strong evidence that these genes play key roles in E. huxleyi biomineralization. Based on the gene expression data and the current literature a working model for biomineralization‐related ion transport in coccolithophores is presented.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1462-2912 , 1462-2920
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020213-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 27, No. 6 ( 2021-03), p. 1196-1213
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 27, No. 6 ( 2021-03), p. 1196-1213
    Abstract: Climate‐change‐induced alterations of oceanic conditions will lead to the ecological niches of some marine phytoplankton species disappearing, at least regionally. How will such losses affect the ecosystem and the coupled biogeochemical cycles? Here, we couch this question in terms of ecological redundancy (will other species be able to fill the ecological roles of the extinct species) and biogeochemical redundancy (can other species replace their biogeochemical roles). Prior laboratory and field studies point to a spectrum in the degree of redundancy. We use a global three‐dimensional computer model with diverse planktonic communities to explore these questions further. The model includes 35 phytoplankton types that differ in size, biogeochemical function and trophic strategy. We run two series of experiments in which single phytoplankton types are either partially or fully eliminated. The niches of the targeted types were not completely reoccupied, often with a reduction in the transfer of matter from autotrophs to heterotrophs. Primary production was often decreased, but sometimes increased due to reduction in grazing pressure. Complex trophic interactions (such as a decrease in the stocks of a predator's grazer) led to unexpected reshuffling of the community structure. Alterations in resource utilization may cause impacts beyond the regions where the type went extinct. Our results suggest a lack of redundancy, especially in the ‘knock on’ effects on higher trophic levels. Redundancy appeared lowest for types on the edges of trait space (e.g. smallest) or with unique competitive strategies. Though highly idealized, our modelling findings suggest that the results from laboratory or field studies often do not adequately capture the ramifications of functional redundancy. The modelled, often counterintuitive, responses—via complex food web interactions and bottom‐up versus top‐down controls—indicate that changes in planktonic community will be key determinants of future ocean global change ecology and biogeochemistry.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013 , 1365-2486
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2006
    In:  Plant, Cell and Environment Vol. 29, No. 5 ( 2006-05), p. 810-822
    In: Plant, Cell and Environment, Wiley, Vol. 29, No. 5 ( 2006-05), p. 810-822
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0140-7791 , 1365-3040
    URL: Issue
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 391893-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020843-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2013
    In:  Evolution Vol. 67, No. 7 ( 2013-07), p. 1892-1900
    In: Evolution, Wiley, Vol. 67, No. 7 ( 2013-07), p. 1892-1900
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0014-3820
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2036375-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 1999
    In:  Limnology and Oceanography Vol. 44, No. 3 ( 1999-05), p. 683-690
    In: Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, Vol. 44, No. 3 ( 1999-05), p. 683-690
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0024-3590
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033191-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 412737-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 14
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wiley ; 2015
    In:  Limnology and Oceanography Vol. 60, No. 6 ( 2015-11), p. 2145-2157
    In: Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, Vol. 60, No. 6 ( 2015-11), p. 2145-2157
    Abstract: Global change leads to a multitude of simultaneous modifications in the marine realm among which shoaling of the upper mixed layer, leading to enhanced surface layer light intensities, as well as increased carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentration are some of the most critical environmental alterations for phytoplankton. In this study, we investigated the responses of growth, photosynthetic carbon fixation and calcification of the coccolithophore Gephyrocapsa oceanica to elevated (51 Pa, 105 Pa, and 152 Pa) (1 Pa ≈ 10 μatm) at a variety of light intensities (50–800 μ mol photons m −2 s −1 ). By fitting the light response curve, our results showed that rising reduced the maximum rates for growth, photosynthetic carbon fixation and calcification. Increasing light intensity enhanced the sensitivity of these rate responses to , and shifted the optima toward lower levels. Combining the results of this and a previous study (Sett et al. ) on the same strain indicates that both limiting low and inhibiting high levels (this study) induce similar responses, reducing growth, carbon fixation and calcification rates of G. oceanica . At limiting low light intensities the optima for maximum growth, carbon fixation and calcification are shifted toward higher levels. Interacting effects of simultaneously occurring environmental changes, such as increasing light intensity and ocean acidification, need to be considered when trying to assess metabolic rates of marine phytoplankton under future ocean scenarios.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0024-3590 , 1939-5590
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033191-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 412737-7
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    SSG: 14
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  • 9
    In: Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, Vol. 67, No. 11 ( 2022-11), p. 2497-2515
    Abstract: Physiological sensitivity of cold‐water corals to ocean change is far less understood than of tropical corals and very little is known about the impacts of ocean acidification and warming on degradative processes of dead coral framework. In a 13‐month laboratory experiment, we examined the interactive effects of gradually increasing temperature and p CO 2 levels on survival, growth, and respiration of two prominent color morphotypes (colormorphs) of the framework‐forming cold‐water coral Lophelia pertusa , as well as bioerosion and dissolution of dead framework. Calcification rates tended to increase with warming, showing temperature optima at ~ 14°C (white colormorph) and 10–12°C (orange colormorph) and decreased with increasing p CO 2 . Net dissolution occurred at aragonite undersaturation (Ω Ar   〈  1) at ~ 1000  μ atm p CO 2 . Under combined warming and acidification, the negative effects of acidification on growth were initially mitigated, but at ~ 1600 μ atm dissolution prevailed. Respiration rates increased with warming, more strongly in orange corals, while acidification slightly suppressed respiration. Calcification and respiration rates as well as polyp mortality were consistently higher in orange corals. Mortality increased considerably at 14–15°C in both colormorphs. Bioerosion/dissolution of dead framework was not affected by warming alone but was significantly enhanced by acidification. While live corals may cope with intermediate levels of elevated p CO 2 and temperature, long‐term impacts beyond levels projected for the end of this century will likely lead to skeletal dissolution and increased mortality. Our findings further suggest that acidification causes accelerated degradation of dead framework even at aragonite saturated conditions, which will eventually compromise the structural integrity of cold‐water coral reefs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0024-3590 , 1939-5590
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033191-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 412737-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 14
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  • 10
    In: Limnology and Oceanography, Wiley, Vol. 56, No. 2 ( 2011-03), p. 599-610
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0024-3590
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033191-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 412737-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 14
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