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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Life Cycle Analysis of Tissue Paper Manufacturing From Virgin Pulp or Recycled Waste Paper
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH ; 2015
    In:  Management and Production Engineering Review Vol. 6, No. 3 ( 2015-09-1), p. 47-54
    Details
    In: Management and Production Engineering Review, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Vol. 6, No. 3 ( 2015-09-1), p. 47-54
    Abstract: The aim of this work is to compare the environmental impacts of two production processes of tissue paper using virgin pulp (virgin fiber) or waste paper pulp (recycled fiber). This comparison is based on the materials and energy used as well as emissions and waste resulting from the production of tissue paper. Life cycle assessment (LCA), ReCiPe method, was chosen as the analysis tool. The results of the research proved that electricity has the most considerable participation in the overall environmental impacts in both production processes, followed by either virgin pulp or heat. Consequently, these two production processes are the greatest contributors to the following midpoint environmental impact categories: human toxicity, climate change, human health and ecosystems, and fossil depletion. The analysis based on endpoint impact categories proved that the production process based on waste paper is more environmentally friendly than the one based on virgin pulp in all impact categories: human health, ecosystems, resources. This is largely because of its lower material and energy requirements in the entire life cycle. Due to the fact that the tissue paper is the final use of fiber, using recycled waste paper is strongly recommended. The obtained research results are a valuable source of management information for the decision makers at both company and national levels required to improve the environmental performance of tissue paper production.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2082-1344
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1515/mper-2015-0025
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2912345-8
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic activity of Co3O4/LiNbO3 composite
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH ; 2013
    In:  Open Chemistry Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2013-6-1), p. 920-926
    Details
    In: Open Chemistry, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2013-6-1), p. 920-926
    Abstract: The Co3O4/LiNbO3 composites were synthesized by impregnation of LiNbO3 in an aqueous solution of cobalt nitrate and next by calcination at 400°C. The activity of produced samples has been investigated in the reaction of photocatalytic hydrogen generation. The crystallographic phases, optical and vibronic properties were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance (DR) UV-vis and resonance Raman spectroscopic techniques, respectively. The influence of cobalt content (range from 0.5 wt.% to 4 wt.%) on the photocatalytic activity of Co3O4/LiNbO3 composites for photocatalytic hydrogen generation has been investigated. Co3O4/LiNbO3 composites exhibited higher than LiNbO3 photocatalytic activity for hydrogen generation. The highest H2 evolution efficiency was observed for Co3O4/LiNbO3 composite with 3 wt.% cobalt content. The amount of H2 obtained in the presence of LiNbO3 and Co3O4/LiNbO3 (3 wt.% of cobalt content) was 1.38 µmol/min and 2.59 µmol min−1, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2391-5420
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2478/s11532-013-0235-2
    Language: English
    Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2825411-9
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Preparation of the TiO 2 photocatalyst using pressurized ammonia
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH ; 2007
    In:  PJCT Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2007-1-1), p. 51-56
    Details
    In: PJCT, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2007-1-1), p. 51-56
    Abstract: The industrial hydrated amorphous titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ċ xH 2 O) was modified by treatment inside a chemical reactor under elevated pressure at low temperatures for 4 hours in an ammonia atmosphere. On the basis of the FTIR/DRS analysis the presence of nitrogen was confirmed. The XRD patterns of all of the catalysts exhibit mainly the diffraction lines of anatase phases. The photocatalytic activity of the modified photocatalysts was determined and compared to TiO 2 -P25 (Degussa, Germany). The high rate of phenol and dye degradation was obtained for the catalysts modified at 180°/15atm. TiO 2 -P25 showed similar activity in phenol decomposition like TiO 2 -15bar, whereas it was more active in dye decomposition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1899-4741 , 1509-8117
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2478/v10026-007-0012-0
    Language: English
    Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2402116-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Carbon modified TiO 2 photocatalysts for water purification
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH ; 2009
    In:  PJCT Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2009-1-1), p. 46-50
    Details
    In: PJCT, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2009-1-1), p. 46-50
    Abstract: Carbon can form different structures with TiO 2 : carbon-doped TiO 2 , carbon coated TiO 2 and composites of TiO 2 and carbon. The presence of carbon layer on the surface of TiO 2 as well as the presence of porous carbon in the composites with TiO 2 can increase the concentration of organic pollutants on the surface of TiO 2 , facilitating the contact of the reactive species with the organic molecules. Carbon-doped TiO 2 can extend the absorption of the light to the visible region by the narrowing of the band gap and makes the photocatalysts active under visible light irradiation. TiO 2 loaded carbon can also work as a photocatalyst, on which the molecules are adsorbed in the pores of carbon and then they undergo the photocatalytic decomposition with UV irradiation. Enhanced photocatalytic activity for the destruction of some organic compounds in water was noticed on the carbon coated TiO 2 and TiO 2 loaded activated carbon, mostly because of the adsorptive role of carbon. However, in carbon-doped TiO 2 , the role of carbon is somewhat different, the replacement of carbon atom with Ti or oxygen and formation of oxygen vacancies are responsible for extending its photocatalytic activity towards the visible range.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1899-4741 , 1509-8117
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2478/v10026-009-0023-0
    Language: English
    Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2402116-7
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    TiO 2 modified by ammonia as a long lifetime photocatalyst for dyes decomposition
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH ; 2009
    In:  PJCT Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2009-1-1), p. 1-6
    Details
    In: PJCT, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2009-1-1), p. 1-6
    Abstract: Ammonia-modified TiO 2 (TiO 2 /N), prepared in a pressure reactor was used as the well- active and longlife photocatalyst for the azo dye (Reactive Red 198) decomposition. The effect of aeration and the different value of the pH of the reaction medium on the photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Red 198 in water has been investigated. It has been reported that the degradation is greatly influenced by the reaction pH and the faster decomposition of azo dye took place at pH 3.5. When the solution was acidic, a larger amount of azo dye on the positively charged surface of TiO 2 photocatalysts was adsorbed. From the obtained results it can be seen that the effectiveness of the decolourisation of the solution was faster by using the nitrogen-modified TiO 2 .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1899-4741 , 1509-8117
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2478/v10026-009-0035-9
    Language: English
    Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2402116-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Photocatalytic properties of nanocrystalline TiO2 thin films doped with Tb
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH ; 2011
    In:  Open Physics Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2011-4-1), p. 354-359
    Details
    In: Open Physics, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2011-4-1), p. 354-359
    Abstract: In this work photocatalytic properties of TiO2 thin films doped with different amount of Tb have been described. Thin films were prepared by high energy reactive magnetron sputtering process. Comparable photocatalytic activity has been found for all doped TiO2 thin films, while different amounts of Tb dopant (0.4 and 2.6 at. %) results in either an anatase or rutile structure. It was found that the terbium dopant incorporated into TiO2 was also responsible for the amount of hydroxyl groups and water particles adsorbed on the thin film surfaces and thus photocatalytic activity was few times higher in comparison with results collected for undoped TiO2 thin films.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2391-5471
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2478/s11534-010-0113-x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2814058-8
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Benzalkonium Salts of Amino Acids – Physicochemical Properties and Anti-Microbial Activity
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH ; 2017
    In:  Tenside Surfactants Detergents Vol. 54, No. 6 ( 2017-11-15), p. 500-509
    Details
    In: Tenside Surfactants Detergents, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Vol. 54, No. 6 ( 2017-11-15), p. 500-509
    Abstract: New salts combining a benzalkonium cation and chiral amino acid anions were synthesized and characterized. The identification was performed by NMR spectroscopy. Properties such as temperature of phase transformation, specific rotation, thermal stability and surface activity and antimicrobial activity were determined and compared with that of benzalkonium chloride. Benzalkonium amino acids salts can be used as conditioners in cosmetics. It has been shown they have weak impact on symbiotic microorganisms which occupy a wide range of skin, and this confirms that they do not disturb the biological balance of human skin.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2195-8564 , 0932-3414
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3139/113.110524
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dye decomposition on P25 with enhanced adsorptivity
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH ; 2008
    In:  PJCT Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2008-1-1), p. 11-16
    Details
    In: PJCT, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2008-1-1), p. 11-16
    Abstract: The preparation method and the activity of the TiO 2 -P25/N doped photocatalyst based on commercial titanium dioxide (TiO 2 Aeroxide® P-25 Degussa, Germany) are presented. For the TiO 2 -P25/N preparation TiO 2 -P25 and gaseous ammonia were kept in a pressure reactor (10 bars) for 4 hours at the temperature of 200°C. This modification process changed the chemical structure of the TiO 2 surface. The formation of NH 4 + groups was confirmed by the FTIR measurements. Two bands in the range of ca. 1430 - 1440 cm -1 attributed to bending vibrations of NH 4 + could be observed on the FTIR spectra of the catalysts modified with ammonia and the band attributed to the hydroxyl groups at 3300 - 3500 cm -1 , which were not reduced after N-doping. The photocatalytic activity of the photocatalysts was checked through the decomposition of two dyes under visible light irradiation. The modified TiO 2 thus prepared samples were more active than TiO 2 -P25 for the decomposition of dyes under visible light irradiation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1899-4741 , 1509-8117
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2478/v10026-008-0021-7
    Language: English
    Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2402116-7
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    NOx photocatalytic degradation on gypsum plates modified by TiO 2 -N,C photocatalysts
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH ; 2015
    In:  Polish Journal of Chemical Technology Vol. 17, No. 3 ( 2015-9-1), p. 8-12
    Details
    In: Polish Journal of Chemical Technology, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Vol. 17, No. 3 ( 2015-9-1), p. 8-12
    Abstract: In presented studies the photocatalytic decomposition of NOx on gypsum plates modified by TiO 2 -N,Cphotocatalysts were presented. The gypsum plates were obtained by addition of 10 or 20 wt.% of different types of titanium dioxide, such as: pure TiO 2 and carbon and nitrogen co-modified TiO 2 (TiO 2 -N,C) to gypsum. TiO 2 -N,C photocatalysts were obtained by heating up the starting TiO 2 (Grupa Azoty Zakłady Chemiczne Police S.A) in the atmosphere of ammonia and carbon at the temperature: 100, 300 i 600ºC. Photocatalyst were characterized by FTIR/DRS, UVVis/DR, BET and XRD methods. Moreover the compressive strength tests of modified gypsum were also done. Photocatalytic activity of gypsum plates was done during NOx decomposition. The highest photocatalytic activity has gypsum with 20 wt.% addition of TiO 2 -N,C obtained at 300ºC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1899-4741
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1515/pjct-2015-0042
    Language: English
    Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2402116-7
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Preliminary studies of photocatalytic activity of gypsum plasters containing TiO 2 co-modified with nitrogen and carbon
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH ; 2015
    In:  Polish Journal of Chemical Technology Vol. 17, No. 2 ( 2015-6-1), p. 96-102
    Details
    In: Polish Journal of Chemical Technology, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Vol. 17, No. 2 ( 2015-6-1), p. 96-102
    Abstract: The conducted studies were focused on the development of the gypsum material exhibiting self-cleaning properties. To this end, the raw gypsum was mixed with unique TiO 2 -based photocatalysts, previously modified by nitrogen and/ or carbon doping. The photocatalytic activity of the obtained gypsum plasters was evaluated trough the degradation of model organic compound (Reactive Red 198) under UV-vis irradiation. The impact of the photocatalysts presence on the physicochemical properties of the obtained gypsum plasters was evaluated. Furthermore, the role of non-metals presence on the photocatalytic properties of the TiO 2 was determined. It was confirmed that the addition of N,C co-modified titanium dioxide into gypsum bestows this material with self-cleaning properties. The highest dye removal rate was displayed by the gypsum plaster containing optimal amount (10 wt%) of co-modified TiO 2 /N,C photocatalyst, after 20 hours of UV-vis irradiation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1899-4741
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1515/pjct-2015-0036
    Language: English
    Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2402116-7
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