Abstract: Shear wave imaging (SWI) is a rapid and convenient method of collecting images of tissues in the region of interest. SWI is based on the mechanical properties of soft tissues named the complex shear modulus (CSM). The complex shear modulus consisting of the elasticity and the viscosity, is useful for diagnosing pathological tissue conditions. Previous studies have not fully exploited the estimation of CSM in the medium containing Gaussian noise and the shear wave's reflection phenomenon. In this study, we focused on the model of shear wave propagation in the 2D environment by the time domain finite difference method (FDTD), taking into account the effect of Gaussian noise and reflected shear wave. We then reduced the noise of the measured particle velocity using a designed least mean square filter. Finally, for direct estimation of CSM, Helmholtz algebraic inverse transformation algorithm was used. Reflected waves significantly affect the estimation of CSM, especially the tissue's viscosity, which is demonstrated by numerical simulation results.  

Abstract: The study was carried out to determine allele frequencies of Y-STRloci in order to apply in the statistical validation of forensic case and paternal lineages. 17 Y-STR loci were co-amplified (including: DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635, and GATAH4) using DNA genome extracted from blood, hair root and finger nail samples of 205 unrelated men of Kinh population in the North and South of Vietnam. The studied population shows that a relatively close relationship between the Jiangxi (Han) and Jiangsu (Han) populations in China and the Han population in Taiwan. Compared to other population with geographic locations far removed from Vietnam and historically and culturally diverse, there are significant differences as with Americans (Rst = 0.3836, P 〈 0.0001); The Germans (Rst = 0.3562, p = -1.0000); The Romans (Rst = 0.2918, p = -1.0000) or Ethiopian (Rst = 0.3139, p = -1.0000) and particularly significant differences with Nigerians (Rst = 0.5084, p = -1.0000). The genetic diversity indexes at each locus and the haplotypes were examined; Genetic distances between the King population in this study and neighboring populations and geographically remote populations are consistent with the migration history.  

Abstract: Benzene (B), toluene (T), ethylbenzene (E) and xylene (X) are used commonly in paint industry, so workers who are a high risk of exposure to organic solvent (VOCs). CYP2E1 gene encodes CYP2E1 which plays an important role in the metabolism and bio-activation of volatile organic compounds. When workers expose to VOCs, their body will have a mechanism to metabolize the toxic. The enhancement of mRNA expression of CYP2E1 is a very sensitive and accurate biological marker, which is the basis for the next study to propose the level of mRNA expression of CYP2E1 gene as a human biological indicator to monitor to workers occupationally exposed to VOCs. In this study, we studied the level of mRNA expression of CYP2E1 gene from 118 participants that including 73 workers of exposed group from the paint factories and 45 workers of non-exposed group from garment factories by using Realtime-PCR with SYBR Green – an asymmetrical cyanine dye used as a nucleic acid stain in molecular biology. The initial results, showed that the exposed group had a higher mRNA expression level of CYP2E1 than the non-exposed group approximately 10.47 times, and this difference was statistically significant (P value 〈 0.05). And the age and the duration of exposure to organic solvents do not affect the expression level of CYP2E1. Keywords CYP2E1, the metabolisms of volatile organic compounds, mRNA expression of CYP2E1. References [1] A. Mendoza-Cantu, F. Castorena-Torres, M. Bermudez De Leon et al., Occupational toluene exposure induces cytochrome P450 2E1 mRNA expression in peripheral lymphocytes, Environmental Health Perspectives, 114 (2006) 494 - 499. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8192.[2] J.H. Hartman, G. Boysen and G.P. Miller, CYP2E1 metabolism of styrene involves allostery, Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 40 (2012) 1976-1983. https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd. 112.046698. [3] S.M. Zhu, X.F. Ren, J.X. Wan et al., Evaluation in vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) - exposed workers and the relationship between liver lesions and gene polymorphisms of metabolic enzymes, World Journal of Gastroenterology,11 (2005) 5821 -5827. 10.3748/wjg.v11.i37.5821.[4] J. Wan, J. Shi, L. Hui et al., Association of genetic polymorphisms in CYP2E1, MPO, NQO1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 genes with benzene poisoning, Environmental Health Perspectives, 110 (2002), 1213-1218. https://doi.org/10.1289/ ehp.021101213.[5] U. Bernauer, B. Vieth, R. Ellrich et al., CYP2E1 - dependent benzene toxicity: the role of extrahepatic benzene metabolism, Archives of Toxicology, 73 (1999) 189 -196. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s002040050605. [6] P.L. Sheets, G.S. Yost and G.P. Carlson. Benzene metabolism in human lung cell lines BEAS‐2B and A549 and cells overexpressing CYP2F1, Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 18 (2004) 92-99. https://doi.org/10. 1002/jbt.20010.[7] V. Nedelcheva, I. Gut, P. Souček et al., Metabolism of benzene in human liver microsomes: individual variations in relation to CYP2E1 expression, Archives of Toxicology, 73 (1999) 33-40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s0020400 50583.[8] W. Tassaneeyakul, D.J. Birkett, J.W. Edwards et al., Human cytochrome P450 isoform specificity in the regioselective metabolism of toluene and o-, m-and p-xylene, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 276 (1996) 101 - 108. 10.1163/2211730x96x00063[9] A.-H. Wang, S.-M. Zhu, Y.-L. Qiu et al., CYP2E1 mRNA expression, genetic polymorphisms in peripheral blood lymphocytes and liver abnormalities in Chinese VCM-exposed workers, International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 21 (2008), 141 - 146. 10.2478/v10001-008-0016-x.[10] J. Zhang, Y. Lihong, G. Liang et al., Detection of CYP2E1, a genetic biomarker of susceptibility to benzene metabolism toxicity in immortal human lymphocytes derived from the Han Chinese population, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, 24 (2011) 300-309. https://doi.org/10. 3967/0895-3988.2011.03.014[11] Americ an Conference of Industrial Hygienists, Guide to Occupational Exposeure Values, ACGIH, Cincinnati, 2018.[12] Bộ Y Tế, Quyết định của Bộ trưởng Bộ Y tế về việc ban hành 21 tiêu chuẩn vệ sinh lao động, 05 nguyên tắc và 07 thông số vệ sinh lao động, 2002.[13] American Conference of Industrial Hygienists, Threshold Limit Value for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices, ACGIH, Cincinnati, 2018.[14] Bộ Y Tế, Thông tư 28/2006/TT- BYT hướng dẫn quản lý bệnh bệnh nghề nghiệp, 2016.[15] M. Al Zallouha, Y. Landkocz, J. Brunet et al., Usefulness of toxicological validation of VOCs catalytic degradation by air-liquid interface exposure system", Environmental Research, 152 (2017) 328-335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres. 2016.10.027  

Abstract: The research has established a method to directly extract and determine free quercetin (aglycone form) from Flos Sophorae Immaturus methanol extract by using a simple HPLC method. Conducting experiment with system HPLC Agilent 1260 Infinity, reverse column ZORBAX SB-C18 (temperature 25oC), flow rate 0.5 ml/min, average pressure 30 and 35 bar, and diode array detector (DAD), we found that these parameters is suitbale: λmax = 370 nm, injection volume is 20 µl, analysis time 16 minutes, mobile phase (% volume) consists of methanol (15%), acetonitril (20%) and solvent C (65%, contains 1% acetic acid, methanol, acetonitril and H2O, 40%, 15% and 45% respectively. After using a combination of irocratic elution and standard addition, retention time of free quercetin in Flos Sophorae Immaturus methanol extract has found to be 8.84 ± 0,05 (min). Relative standard deviation (RSD) of retetion time, peak area and peak height have been less than 1%, this results have indicated that the proposed method has fullfilled the validation parameters such as selectivity/specitifity, precision/repeatability. This study provided useful information for screening activity of quercetin by using different methods.        

Abstract: This paper uses the model of experimental mouse liver damage with paracetamol to evaluate the liver protective effects of the methanol extract (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) (MCE). After 8 days, the hepatoprotective activities of MCE in mice (damaged by paracetamol) at doses of 500, 1,000 and 2,000 mg/kg/day proved effective as the AST enzyme content decreased by 6.98, 22.84 and 26.59%, respectively; and ALT decreased by 53.17, 56.46 and 57.93%, respectively. MCE at a dose of 1,000 mg/kg/day had a protective effect equivalent to that of silymarin (used in liver treatment) at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day and MCE at a dose of 2,000 mg/kg/day had better effect. Observation of the microscopic liver tissue cross section also revealed that the mice treated with MCE of C. esculenta at doses of 1,000 and 2,000 mg/kg/day showed significantly improvement in their liver tissues compared to the non-treated control group. Keywords: Colocasia esculenta, hepatoprotective, paracetamol. References [1] S. Shahani. Evaluation of hepatoprotective efficacy of APCL-A poly herbal formulation in vivo in rats, Indian Drugs. 36(1999) 628-631.[2] Y. Cui, X. Yang, X. Lu, J. Chen, Y. Zhao. Protective effects of polyphenols-enriched extract from Huangshan Maofeng green tea against CCl4-induced liver injury in mice, Chemico- Biological Interactions 220 (5) (2014) 75-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2014.06.018 [3] K.C. Choi, W.T. Chung, J.K. Kwon, J.Y. Yu, Y.S. Jang, S.M. Park, S.Y. Lee, J.C. Lee. Inhibitory effects of quercetin on aflatoxin B1 induced hepatic damage in mice, Food Chemical Toxicology, 48 (10) (2010) 2747-2753 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.07.001[4] E.S. Sabina, J. Samue, S.R. Ramya, S. Patel, N. Mandal, P. Preety, P.P. Mishra, M.K. Rasool. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential of Spirulina fusiformis on acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity in mice, International Journal of Integrative Biology 6 (1) (2009) 1-5. http://ijib.classicrus.com/.../1501.pdf[5] Pham Hoang Ho. Vietnamese plants, episode III. Young Publishing House, (1999), pp. 353 (in Vietnamese).[6] C.O. Eleazu, M. Iroaganachi, K.C. Eleazu. Ameliorative potentials of cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta L.) and unripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca L.) on the relative tissue weights ofstreptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Diabetes Research, 197 (2013), https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/160964.[7] R.C. Cambie, L.R. Ferguson. Potential functional foods in the traditional Maori diet. Mutation Research Letters 523–524 (2003) 109-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0027-5107(02)00344-5[8] C.L. Abraham, K. Yoshinori, T. Masakuni, I. Hironori, O. Hirosuke, T. Hajime. Flavonoid glycosides in the shoot system of Okinawa Taumu (Colocasia esculenta S). Food Chemistry 119 (2010) 630- 635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.07.004[9] P.J. Bouic, D. Etsebeth, R.W. Liebenberg, C.F. Albrecht, K. Pegel, J.P.P. Van. Beta sitosterol and beta sitosterol glycoside stimulate human peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation: Implications for their use as an immunomodulatory vitamin combination. International Journal of Immuno-pharmacology 18 (12) (1996) 693-700. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0192-0561(97)85551-8.[10] Vo Van Chi. Dictionary of Vietnamese medicinal plants. Medical Publishing House (1997), pp. 871-873 (in Vietnamese).[11] Do Trung Dam. Method of determining drug toxicity. Medical Publishing House, Hanoi (2014), pp. 11-137 (in Vietnamese). [12] J.T. Litchfield, F. Wilcoxon. A simplified method of evaluating dose-effect experiments, Journal of Pharmcology and Experimental Therapeutics, 96 (2) (1949) 99-113. PMID: 18152921 [13] Doan Thi Nhu, Do Trung Dam, Pham Duy Mai. Method research of the pharmacological effect of drugs from medicinal herbs, Science and Technics Publishing House, Hanoi (2006), pp. 142 (in Vietnamese).[14] A. Godwin. Histochemical uses of haematoxylin - A Review. JPCS 1 (2011) 24-34. [15] Ho Thi Thanh Huyen, Thai Nguyen Hung Thu, Nguyen Thai An. Some results of plan microscopic studies and chemical composition of Bombax malabaricum DC., Bombacaceae, Proceeding Pharma Indochina VII, 10/2011, The 7th Indochina Conference on Pharmaceutical science, Bangkok, Thai Lan (2011) 270-274.[16] A.N. Chinonyelum, A.P. Uwadiegwu, O.C. Nwachukwu, O. Emmanuel. Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of Colocasia esculenta (L. Schott) leaves on thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Pakistan Journal Pharmaceutical Sciences, 28 (6S) (2015) 2237-2241. [17] O.F. Dayo, B.C. Eluke, E.O. Ukaejiofo, O.L. Olayinka, C.I. Johnpaul, O.A.K .Tajudeen, I. Chinwe, L.S. Adetona. Hepatoproactive and haematopoietic modulatory efficacy of leaf extract of Colocasia esculenta in Albino wistar rats. International Journal of Tropical Medicine 12 (3-6) (2017) 35-41. https://doi.org/3923/ijtmed.2017.35.41.          

Abstract: Typhonium flagelliforme is a medicinal plant that has variety of uses. In medicinal traditional T. flagelliforme is used to treatment cough, headache, stomach pain chronic, and tracheitis. Moreover, use fresh bulbs treatment furuncle, the bites of poisonous insects. The active components in T. flagelliforme are flavonoids. In this study, the T. flagelliforme extract was obtained by methanol  to determine the chemical composition. Then, The extracts of methanol are extracted with polarization increases gradually solvents such as haxane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. Determination of antioxidant activity, cytotoxic activity of extracted fractions. Results obtained showed that the chemical compositions by the qualitative reaction preliminary were identified from T. flagelliforme containing reducing sugars, amino acids, organic acids, flavonoids, alcaloids, sterols. The antioxidant capacity of the ethyl acetate fraction reached 94.76 μg/ml, 10 times higher than the positive control is Quercetin. Cytotoxic activity of the haxane and diclomethane extracted fractions from T. flagelliforme exhibited cytotoxic activity on all three experimental cancers cell lines: KB, HepG2, Lu after 72h of culture with IC50 values ​​range from 92.8 to 107.76 μg/ml. From dichlomethane extracted of T. flagelliforme was purified TF1 as Stigmast-4-en- 3-on.    

Abstract: Lactic Acid Bacteria in general and Lactobacillus plantarum in particular have broad applications, especially in the food industry, pharmacy and medicine. Bacteriocins synthesized by LAB are safe as they do not cause allergy and harm to health. In this study, the optimal temperature and time for the growing of the strain L. plantarum UL487 to obtain its maximal bacteriocin activity were30oC and 1 day, respectively. Besides, some properties of the bacteriocin such as its activity units on 5 indicator strains and the effects of pH and temperature on the bacteriocin’s activity were evaluated. Furthermore, bacteriocin synthesized by the strain L. plantarum UL487 was primarily purified by using a cation exchange column. After purification, the bacteriocin’s purity increased 2.069 times.    

Abstract: Two compounds (C2 and C6) were isolated and purified from Sophora japonica L. extract. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and thin layer chromatography, C2 and C6 were identified as quercetin and neohesperidin. The antioxidant activity of C2 and C6 (at concentration of 200 µM) is equivalent to vitamin C (at concentration of 0.57-1.14 µM/ml). Both compounds C2 and C6 have inhibitory activity on β-amyloid aggregation. At concentration of 1 mM of each compound, aggregation rate of β-amyloid (Amyloid form deposited in Alzheime's brain) are 51.14 and 80.57%, respectively, compar to control sample (89.64%).

Abstract: CYP2E1 là gen mã hóa enzyme CYP3E1 đóng vai trò quan trọng trong quá trình chuyển hóa của nhiều  hợp chất hữu cơ được dùng phổ biến trong công nghiệp như benzen, toluen, xylen, styren (B, T, X, S). Sự xuất hiện các biến thể trên vùng promoter của gen CYP2E1 có thể dẫn tới sự thay đổi mức độ biểu hiện của gen và tiến triển của một số bệnh ở đối tượng phơi nhiễm với dung môi hữu cơ. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi phân tích các điểm đa hình trên đoạn promoter của gen CYP2E1 ở 118 người bao gồm 73 công nhân làm việc tại công ty sản xuất sơn bị phơi nhiễm với dung môi hữu cơ và 45 công nhân may không bị phơi nhiễm (đối chứng) thông qua phương pháp PCR và giải trình tự. Kết qủa ban đầu cho thấy, đã khuếch đại được trình tự DNA đoạn promoter gen CYP2E1 trên tất cả các mẫu và phát hiện được 4 điểm đa hình bao gồm 3739G 〉 C, 3519T 〉 G, 3468T 〉 A và 3620C 〉 T. Phân tích thống kê cho thấy không có sự khác biệt có ý nghĩa về phân bố của các đa hình trong nhóm phơi nhiễm dung môi hữu cơ và nhóm đối chứng, nhưng kiểu gen liên quan đến promoter của CYP2E1 là không đồng nhất giữa các đối tượng được nghiên cứu

Abstract: Abstract: In this paper, the relationship between Tropical Cyclone (TC) Genesis Potential Index (GPI) and the number of TC (NTC) associated with ENSO over the Vietnam East Sea (VES) was investigated. Observed TC data of the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) Tokyo Typhoon Center and ERA Interim reanalysis data for the period 1985-2015 were used. The results show a good agreement between GPI and NTC over the VES with the correlation coefficient is 0.84. There were more TCs formed over the VES during La Nina years and less TCs during El Nino years. There were positive anomalies of GPI, environmental factors (relative humidity, sea surface temperature, absolute vorticity, potential intensity)over the region where the highest densityof TCs genesis locatedduring La Nina years while there were negative anomalies found during El Nino years. Relative humidity has the largest contribution to the positive difference GPI between La Nina years and El Nino years, the less contribution comes from the potential intensity, absolute vorticity, and wind shear. Keywords: GPI, Tropical Cyclone Genesis, ENSO, Vietnam East Sea. References: [1] K.A. Emanuel, D.S. Nolan, Tropical cyclone activity and global climate, Reprints, 26th Conference on hurricane and Tropical Meteorology, American meteorological Society: Miami, (2004) 240–241.[2] D.S. Nolan, E.D. Rappin, K.A. Emanuel., Tropical cyclogenesis sensitivity to environmental parameters in radiative-convective equilibrium, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 133 (2007) 2085–2107.[3] S.J. Camargo, K.A. Emanuel, A.H. Sobel, Use of the Genesis Potential Index to Diagnose ENSO effected on Tropical Cyclone Genesis, American Meteorological Society.20 (2007) 4819-4834[4] C.L. Bruyere, G.J. Holland, E. Towler, Investigating the Used of a Genesis Potential Index for Tropical Cyclones in the North Atlatic Basin, American Meteorological Society..25 (2012) 8611-8626[5] Song Yuan, Wang Lei, Lei Xiaoyan and Wang Xidong, Tropical cyclone genesis potential index over western north Pacific simulated by CMIP5 models, (2015).[6] Lei Wang, Diagnostic of the ENSO modulation of Tropical cyclogenesis over the southern South China Sea using a genesis potential index, Acta Oceanol. Sin., Vol. 31, No. 5 (2012) 54-68.[7] Xin Kieu-Thi, Hang Vu-Thanh, Truong Nguyen-Minh, Duc Le, Linh Nguyen-Manh, Izuru Takayabu, Hidetaka Sasaki, Akio Kito, Rainfall and tropical cyclone activity over Vietnam simulated and projected by the Non-Hydrostatic Regional Climate Model – NHRCM, Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. 94A (2016) 135-150.[8] https://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/ rsmc-hp-pub-eg/trackarchives.html[9] Trần Quang Đức, Xu thế biến động của một số đặc trưng ENSO, Tạp chí Khoa học Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội, Khoa học Tự nhiên và Công nghệ. 1S (2011) 29-36.[10] https://origin.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/ensostuff/ONI_v5.php[11] E. Palmen, Formation and development of tropical cyclones, Proceedings of tropical cyclone Symposium, Brisbane, Australian Bur. Meteorol., Melbourne, (1956) 213-231[12] M. DeMaria, The effect of vertical wind shear on tropical cyclone intensity change, Jounal of Atmospheric Sicences. 53 (1996) 2076-2087.[13] S.J. Camargo, Diagnosis of the MJO modulation of Tropical cyclogenesis using an empirical index. American Meteorological Society. 66 (2009) 3061-3074.[14] S.J. Camargo, A.H. Sobel, Anthony G. Barnston, K.A. Emanuel, Tropical cyclone genesis potential index in climate models, Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Ocenaography. 59:4 (2007) 428-443. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2007. 00238.