GLORIA

GEOMAR Library Ocean Research Information Access

X

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Emasculation: gloves-off strategy enhances eunuch spider endurance
    The Royal Society ; 2012
    In:  Biology Letters Vol. 8, No. 5 ( 2012-10-23), p. 733-735
    Details
    In: Biology Letters, The Royal Society, Vol. 8, No. 5 ( 2012-10-23), p. 733-735
    Abstract: Males of sexually cannibalistic spiders commonly mutilate parts of their paired genitals (palps) during copulation, which may result in complete emasculation or the ‘eunuch phenomenon’. In an orb-web nephilid spider, Nephilengys malabarensis , about 75 per cent of males fall victim to sexual cannibalism, and the surviving males become half-eunuchs (one palp emasculated) or full-eunuchs (both palps emasculated). While it has been shown that surviving eunuchs are better fighters compared with intact males when guarding the females with which they have mated, mechanisms behind eunuchs’ superior fighting abilities are unknown. The previously proposed ‘gloves-off’ hypothesis, attributing eunuchs’ enhanced locomotor endurance to the reduction in total body weight caused by genital mutilation, is plausible but has remained untested. Here, we tested the gloves-off hypothesis in N. malabarensis by comparing the time until exhaustion (i.e. endurance) of intact males with half- and full-eunuchs created experimentally. We found that by reducing body weight up to 4 per cent in half-eunuchs and 9 per cent in full-eunuchs through emasculation, endurance increases significantly in half-eunuchs (32%) and particularly strongly in full-eunuchs (80%). Our results corroborate the gloves-off hypothesis and further point towards the adaptive significance of male emasculation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1744-9561 , 1744-957X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2012.0285
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2103283-X
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of age and feeding history on structure-based UV ornaments of a jumping spider (Araneae: Salticidae)
    The Royal Society ; 2007
    In:  Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Vol. 274, No. 1609 ( 2007-02-22), p. 569-575
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 274, No. 1609 ( 2007-02-22), p. 569-575
    Abstract: Recent studies have shown for birds that females sometimes choose mates on the basis of condition-dependent variation in ultraviolet (UV, less than 400 nm) ornamentation, but there have been few comparable studies on invertebrates. Yet many invertebrates have UV structural coloration. Here, we investigate Cosmophasis umbratica , a jumping spider (Araneae: Salticidae) that has sexually dimorphic UV-iridescent ornamentation, and we provide evidence that male UV coloration is condition dependent in this species. Spectral-reflection patterns change with male age and prior feeding history. The position of the UV band (i.e. UV hue) of the carapaces of younger (field-collected as subadults and matured as adults in laboratory) males shifted, relative to older (field-collected as adults) males, significantly towards longer wavelengths. Food deprivation significantly decreased the spectral intensity of the abdomen, but not the carapace. Questions concerning the mechanisms by which UV ornaments change are highlighted, as are hypotheses concerning the role of condition-dependent UV variation in male–male competition and as a criterion used by females when making mate-choice decisions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-8452 , 1471-2954
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2006.0020
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1460975-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 25
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Salticid predation as one potential driving force of ant mimicry in jumping spiders
    The Royal Society ; 2011
    In:  Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Vol. 278, No. 1710 ( 2011-05-07), p. 1356-1364
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 278, No. 1710 ( 2011-05-07), p. 1356-1364
    Abstract: Many spiders possess myrmecomorphy, and species of the jumping spider genus Myrmarachne exhibit nearly perfect ant mimicry. Most salticids are diurnal predators with unusually high visual acuity that prey on various arthropods, including conspecifics. In this study, we tested whether predation pressure from large jumping spiders is one possible driving force of perfect ant mimicry in jumping spiders. The results showed that small non-ant-mimicking jumping spiders were readily treated as prey by large ones (no matter whether heterospecific or conspecific) and suffered high attack and mortality rates. The size difference between small and large jumping spiders significantly affected the outcomes of predatory interactions between them: the smaller the juvenile jumping spiders, the higher the predation risk from large ones. The attack and mortality rates of ant-mimicking jumping spiders were significantly lower than those of non-ant-mimicking jumping spiders, indicating that a resemblance to ants could provide protection against salticid predation. However, results of multivariate behavioural analyses showed that the responses of large jumping spiders to ants and ant-mimicking salticids differed significantly. Results of this study indicate that predation pressure from large jumping spiders might be one selection force driving the evolution of nearly perfect myrmecomorphy in spiders and other arthropods.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-8452 , 1471-2954
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2010.1896
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1460975-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 25
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A novel property of spider silk: chemical defence against ants
    The Royal Society ; 2012
    In:  Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Vol. 279, No. 1734 ( 2012-05-07), p. 1824-1830
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 279, No. 1734 ( 2012-05-07), p. 1824-1830
    Abstract: Spider webs are made of silk, the properties of which ensure remarkable efficiency at capturing prey. However, remaining on, or near, the web exposes the resident spiders to many potential predators, such as ants. Surprisingly, ants are rarely reported foraging on the webs of orb-weaving spiders, despite the formidable capacity of ants to subdue prey and repel enemies, the diversity and abundance of orb-web spiders, and the nutritional value of the web and resident spider. We explain this paradox by reporting a novel property of the silk produced by the orb-web spider Nephila antipodiana (Walckenaer). These spiders deposit on the silk a pyrrolidine alkaloid (2-pyrrolidinone) that provides protection from ant invasion. Furthermore, the ontogenetic change in the production of 2-pyrrolidinone suggests that this compound represents an adaptive response to the threat of natural enemies, rather than a simple by-product of silk synthesis: while 2-pyrrolidinone occurs on the silk threads produced by adult and large juvenile spiders, it is absent on threads produced by small juvenile spiders, whose threads are sufficiently thin to be inaccessible to ants.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-8452 , 1471-2954
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2011.2193
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1460975-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 25
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Extant primitively segmented spiders have recently diversified from an ancient lineage
    The Royal Society ; 2015
    In:  Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Vol. 282, No. 1808 ( 2015-06-07), p. 20142486-
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 282, No. 1808 ( 2015-06-07), p. 20142486-
    Abstract: Living fossils are lineages that have retained plesiomorphic traits through long time periods. It is expected that such lineages have both originated and diversified long ago. Such expectations have recently been challenged in some textbook examples of living fossils, notably in extant cycads and coelacanths. Using a phylogenetic approach, we tested the patterns of the origin and diversification of liphistiid spiders, a clade of spiders considered to be living fossils due to their retention of arachnid plesiomorphies and their exclusive grouping in Mesothelae, an ancient clade sister to all modern spiders. Facilitated by original sampling throughout their Asian range, we here provide the phylogenetic framework necessary for reconstructing liphistiid biogeographic history. All phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of Liphistiidae and of eight genera. As the fossil evidence supports a Carboniferous Euramerican origin of Mesothelae, our dating analyses postulate a long eastward over-land dispersal towards the Asian origin of Liphistiidae during the Palaeogene (39–58 Ma). Contrary to expectations, diversification within extant liphistiid genera is relatively recent, in the Neogene and Late Palaeogene (4–24 Ma). While no over-water dispersal events are needed to explain their evolutionary history, the history of liphistiid spiders has the potential to play prominently in vicariant biogeographic studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-8452 , 1471-2954
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2486
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1460975-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 25
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Stabilimenta attract unwelcome predators to orb–webs
    The Royal Society ; 2001
    In:  Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences Vol. 268, No. 1476 ( 2001-08-07), p. 1553-1558
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 268, No. 1476 ( 2001-08-07), p. 1553-1558
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-8452 , 1471-2954
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2001.1709
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1460975-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 25
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hatching responses of subsocial spitting spiders to predation risk
    The Royal Society ; 2002
    In:  Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences Vol. 269, No. 1505 ( 2002-10-22), p. 2155-2161
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 269, No. 1505 ( 2002-10-22), p. 2155-2161
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-8452 , 1471-2954
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2002.2140
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1460975-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 25
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Optics of the ultraviolet reflecting scales of a jumping spider
    The Royal Society ; 2007
    In:  Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Vol. 274, No. 1618 ( 2007-07-07), p. 1583-1589
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 274, No. 1618 ( 2007-07-07), p. 1583-1589
    Abstract: The jumping spider Cosmophasis umbratica from Singapore is strongly sexually dimorphic. The males, but not the females, reflect ultraviolet as well as green–orange light. The scales responsible for this are composed of a chitin–air–chitin sandwich in which the chitin layers are three-quarters of a wavelength thick and the air gap a quarter wavelength (where λ =600 nm, the peak wavelength of the principal reflection maximum). It is shown that this configuration produces a second reflectance peak at approximately 385 nm, accounting for the observed reflection in the ultraviolet. Other scales have a similar thickness of chitin but lack the air gap and thus produce a dull purple reflection. This novel mechanism provides the spiders with two colour signals, both of which are important in mating displays.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-8452 , 1471-2954
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2007.0328
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1460975-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 25
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spiders that decorate their webs at higher frequency intercept more prey and grow faster
    The Royal Society ; 2005
    In:  Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Vol. 272, No. 1574 ( 2005-09-07), p. 1753-1757
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 272, No. 1574 ( 2005-09-07), p. 1753-1757
    Abstract: Many orb-weaving spiders decorate their webs with extra, bright white, ultraviolet light reflecting silk. Previous studies suggest that these decorations increase a spider's foraging efficiency by improving web attractiveness, which is known as the prey-attraction hypothesis. One assumption of this hypothesis is that individuals which decorate their webs at a higher frequency are expected to have a higher growth rate. Using a decoration-building orb-weaving spider, Argiope versicolor , I show a strong positive relationship between the growth rate in terms of weight gain and the frequency of decoration-building, as well as the rate of insect interception. This is the first study to reveal a fitness consequence of decorating behaviour in spiders.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-8452 , 1471-2954
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2005.3160
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1460975-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 25
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Intricate predatory decisions by a mosquito-specialist spider from Malaysia
    The Royal Society ; 2014
    In:  Royal Society Open Science Vol. 1, No. 2 ( 2014-10), p. 140131-
    Details
    In: Royal Society Open Science, The Royal Society, Vol. 1, No. 2 ( 2014-10), p. 140131-
    Abstract: Paracyrba wanlessi is a southeast Asian jumping spider (Salticidae) that lives in the hollow internodes of fallen bamboo and preys on the larvae, pupae and adults of mosquitoes. In contrast to Evarcha culicivora , an East African salticid that is also known for actively targeting mosquitoes as preferred prey, there was no evidence of P . wanlessi choosing mosquitoes on the basis of species, sex or diet. However, our findings show that P . wanlessi chooses mosquitoes significantly more often than a variety of other prey types, regardless of whether the prey are in or away from water, and regardless of whether the mosquitoes are adults or juveniles. Moreover, a preference for mosquito larvae, pupae and adults is expressed regardless of whether test spiders are maintained on a diet of terrestrial or aquatic prey and regardless of whether the diet includes or excludes mosquitoes. Congruence of an environmental factor (in water versus away from water) with prey type (aquatic versus terrestrial mosquitoes) appeared to be important and yet, even when the prey were in the incongruent environment, P . wanlessi continued to choose mosquitoes more often than other prey.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2054-5703
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rsos.140131
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2787755-3
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...