GLORIA

GEOMAR Library Ocean Research Information Access

X

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reduced Adipogenic Gene Expression in Thigh Adipose Tissue Precedes Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Lipoatrophy
    The Endocrine Society ; 2008
    In:  The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 93, No. 3 ( 2008-03-01), p. 959-966
    Details
    In: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Endocrine Society, Vol. 93, No. 3 ( 2008-03-01), p. 959-966
    Abstract: Context: The expression of adipogenic genes in sc adipose tissue has been reported to be lower among patients with HIV-associated lipoatrophy than HIV-uninfected controls. It is unclear whether this is a result or cause of lipoatrophy. Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the temporal relationships among changes in adipogenic gene expression in sc adipose tissue and changes in body fat distribution and metabolic complications in HIV-infected subjects on antiretroviral therapy. Design: This was a prospective longitudinal study. Setting: The study was conducted at HIV clinics in Seattle, Washington. Participants: The study population included 31 HIV-infected and 12 control subjects. Interventions: Subjects were followed up for 12 months after they initiated or modified their existing antiretroviral regimen. Main Outcome Measures: Changes in body composition, plasma lipids, insulin sensitivity, and gene expression in sc abdominal and thigh adipose tissue. Results: Subjects who developed lipoatrophy (n = 10) had elevated fasting triglycerides [3.16 (sd 2.79) mmol/liter] and reduced insulin sensitivity as measured by frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance test [1.89 (sd 1.27) × 10−4 min−1/μU·ml] after 12 months, whereas those without lipoatrophy (n = 21) did not show any metabolic complications [triglycerides 1.32 (sd 0.58) mmol/liter, P = 0.01 vs. lipoatrophy; insulin sensitivity 3.52 (sd 1.91) × 10−4 min−1/μU·ml, P = 0.01 vs. lipoatrophy] . In subjects developing lipoatrophy, the expression of genes involved in adipocyte differentiation, lipid uptake, and local cortisol production in thigh adipose tissue was significantly reduced already at the 2-month visit, several months before any loss of extremity fat mass was evident. Conclusions: In HIV-infected subjects, lipoatrophy is associated with elevated fasting triglycerides and insulin resistance and might be caused by a direct or indirect effect of antiretroviral drugs on sc adipocyte differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-972X , 1945-7197
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1210/jc.2007-0197
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Endocrine Society
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2026217-6
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hepatic Insulin Extraction in NAFLD Is Related to Insulin Resistance Rather Than Liver Fat Content
    The Endocrine Society ; 2019
    In:  The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 104, No. 5 ( 2019-05-01), p. 1855-1865
    Details
    In: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Endocrine Society, Vol. 104, No. 5 ( 2019-05-01), p. 1855-1865
    Abstract: Total insulin clearance is decreased in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the relationship between liver fat and hepatic insulin extraction (HIE) is unknown. Objective This cross-sectional study addresses the hypothesis that HIE is reduced in NAFLD and investigates metabolic and/or anthropometric characteristics most closely associated with insulin clearance. Participants Nondiabetic subjects with NAFLD (n = 13) and age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls with normal liver enzymes (n = 15) underwent abdominal CT, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and labeled two-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps. Outcome Measurements Liver fat was estimated by the CT liver/spleen ratio. Hepatic and extrahepatic insulin clearances were modeled using clamp and OGTT data. Results Extrahepatic insulin clearance and HIE were not different between NAFLD and controls and did not correlate with liver fat. HIE was positively correlated with insulin sensitivity [rate of glucose disposal (Rd; low r = +0.7, P & lt; 0.001; high r = +0.6, P = 0.001), adiponectin (r = +0.55, P = 0.004), and insulin-mediated suppression of clamp nonesterified free fatty acid (NEFA; r = +0.67, P & lt; 0.001)] but was not associated with fasting NEFA, insulin-mediated suppression of glucose production, or measures of adiposity. Extrahepatic insulin clearance was positively associated with percent body fat (r = +0.44, P = 0.02) and subcutaneous fat (r = +0.42, P = 0.03) but not BMI, intra-abdominal fat, liver fat, Rd, adiponectin, or NEFA. Conclusions HIE is not directly associated with hepatic steatosis but is associated with muscle and adipose tissue insulin resistance. The data suggest differential regulation of insulin clearance with extrahepatic insulin clearance being associated with body fat and not insulin sensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-972X , 1945-7197
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01808
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Endocrine Society
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2026217-6
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Two-Year Treatment With Metformin During Puberty Does Not Preserve β-Cell Function in Youth With Obesity
    The Endocrine Society ; 2021
    In:  The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 106, No. 7 ( 2021-06-16), p. e2622-e2632
    Details
    In: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Endocrine Society, Vol. 106, No. 7 ( 2021-06-16), p. e2622-e2632
    Abstract: Youth-onset type 2 diabetes is a disease of pubertal onset, associated with additional burden of pubertal insulin resistance on the β-cell. Objective Evaluate the impact of metformin treatment during puberty, a critical window of cardiometabolic change, on insulin sensitivity (Si) and compensatory β-cell response in youth with obesity. Setting Pediatric academic hospital clinical translational research center. Participants Healthy youth in early puberty [Tanner stage (T) 2-3] with normoglycemia and obesity (n = 44). Intervention Double-blinded placebo-control trial of metformin during puberty (until T5). Main Outcome Measures Insulin sensitivity (Si), insulin response [acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg)], and disposition index (DI), estimated from frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance testing; body fat (dual X-ray absorptiometry); and other laboratory parameters, collected at baseline, T4, and T5. Placebo-subtracted treatment effect was calculated using linear mixed models. Results At T5, metformin treatment, adjusting for sex, race, and baseline value, was associated with improved BMI z-score (−0.44 ± 0.16, P = 0.02), percentage body fat (%body fat; −3.4 ± 1.2%, P = 0.06), and waist circumference (−11.3 ± 3.2cm, P = 0.003). There were no significant treatment effects at T5 on Si or secretion: Si (0.85 ± 0.87 × 10−4/min−1/μIU/mL, P = 0.34), AIRg (−259 ± 386 μIU/mL, P = 0.51), or DI (508 ± 802 × 10−4/min−1, P = 0.53). High baseline DI predicted longitudinal decline in DI. Conclusions Two years of metformin treatment in obese youth during puberty improved BMI and body fat, but not Si or β-cell function. Of note, high DI in early puberty may be predictive of later decline in DI. Further studies are needed to develop strategies for preservation of β-cell function in youth at risk for type 2 diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-972X , 1945-7197
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab170
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Endocrine Society
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2026217-6
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Conjugated Estrogens and Bazedoxifene Improve β Cell Function in Obese Menopausal Women
    The Endocrine Society ; 2019
    In:  Journal of the Endocrine Society Vol. 3, No. 8 ( 2019-08-01), p. 1583-1594
    Details
    In: Journal of the Endocrine Society, The Endocrine Society, Vol. 3, No. 8 ( 2019-08-01), p. 1583-1594
    Abstract: Studies suggest that menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) prevents type 2 diabetes (T2D). The combination of conjugated estrogens (CE) with the selective estrogen receptor modulator bazedoxifene (BZA) is an MHT that improves obesity and T2D in preclinical models of menopausal metabolic syndrome. The effect of CE/BZA on adiposity and glucose homeostasis in obese postmenopausal women is unknown. Objective To investigate the effect of CE/BZA on body composition, glucose homeostasis, and markers of inflammation in obese postmenopausal women. Research Design, Intervention, and Participants Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial of 12 obese menopausal women assigned to 12-week treatment with CE 0.45 mg/BZA 20 mg (n = 7) or placebo (n = 5). At baseline and after 12 weeks, we assessed body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), glucose homeostasis (IV glucose tolerance test), and inflammation biomarkers. Results Women treated with CE/BZA exhibited increased β cell function using homeostatic model assessment-B [median (interquartile range) CE/BZA vs placebo: 18.5 (−0.9 to 320.6) μU/mM vs −25.5 (−39.9 to −0.1) μU/mM; P = 0.045], and decreased basal glucose concentrations (Gb) [−5.2 (−9.2 to −1.7) mg/dL vs 2.7 (0.9 to 4.9) mg/dL; P = 0.029] . Insulin sensitivity was higher in the placebo arm [1.35 (1.12 to 1.82) (μU/mL) min−1 vs −0.24 (−1.50 to 0.19) (μU/mL) min−1; P = 0.029]. No changes between treatment groups were observed for the acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg), the disposition index (DI), body composition, and inflammatory biomarkers. Conclusions A 12-week treatment of obese postmenopausal women with CEs/BZA improves fasting β cell function and glucose concentrations without change in AIRg, HOMA-IR, DI, body composition, or markers of inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2472-1972
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1210/js.2019-00074
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Endocrine Society
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2881023-5
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mechanisms Linking the Gut Microbiome and Glucose Metabolism
    The Endocrine Society ; 2016
    In:  The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 101, No. 4 ( 2016-04-01), p. 1445-1454
    Details
    In: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Endocrine Society, Vol. 101, No. 4 ( 2016-04-01), p. 1445-1454
    Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with gastrointestinal dysbiosis involving both compositional and functional changes in the gut microbiome. Changes in diet and supplementation with probiotics and prebiotics (ie, fermentable fibers) can induce favorable changes in gut bacterial species and improve glucose homeostasis. Objective: This paper will review the data supporting several potential mechanisms whereby gut dysbiosis contributes to metabolic dysfunction, including microbiota driven increases in systemic lipopolysaccharide concentrations, changes in bile acid metabolism, alterations in short chain fatty acid production, alterations in gut hormone secretion, and changes in circulating branched-chain amino acids. Methods: Data for this review were identified by searching English language references from PubMed and relevant articles. Conclusions: Understanding the mechanisms linking the gut microbiome to glucose metabolism, and the relevant compositional and functional characteristics of the gut microbiome, will help direct future research to develop more targeted approaches or novel compounds aimed at restoring a more healthy gut microbiome as a new approach to prevent and treat type 2 diabetes mellitus and related metabolic conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-972X , 1945-7197
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-4251
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Endocrine Society
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2026217-6
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Response to Letter to the Editor: “Hepatic Insulin Extraction in NAFLD Is Related to Insulin Resistance Rather Than Liver Fat Content”
    The Endocrine Society ; 2019
    In:  The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 104, No. 11 ( 2019-11-01), p. 5251-5252
    Details
    In: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Endocrine Society, Vol. 104, No. 11 ( 2019-11-01), p. 5251-5252
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-972X , 1945-7197
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-01301
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Endocrine Society
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2026217-6
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Role of Insulin Resistance in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
    The Endocrine Society ; 2006
    In:  The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 91, No. 12 ( 2006-12-01), p. 4753-4761
    Details
    In: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Endocrine Society, Vol. 91, No. 12 ( 2006-12-01), p. 4753-4761
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-972X , 1945-7197
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1210/jc.2006-0587
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Endocrine Society
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2026217-6
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Impact of Obesity On Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion During Pubertal Progression: A Longitudinal Study
    The Endocrine Society ; 2020
    In:  The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 105, No. 5 ( 2020-05-01), p. e2061-e2068
    Details
    In: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Endocrine Society, Vol. 105, No. 5 ( 2020-05-01), p. e2061-e2068
    Abstract: Physiologic changes in glucose metabolism are well-described to occur during puberty. However, there are important gaps in understanding the interaction between obesity and the normal physiologic changes during puberty, as well as how these changes could contribute to the increased risk of comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia, in youth with obesity. Objective The objective of this study was to compare longitudinal changes in insulin sensitivity (Si) and secretion during pubertal progression in youth with obesity versus those with normal weight. Design Longitudinal observational study evaluating youth from early puberty (Tanner [T]2-T3) until puberty completion (T5). Setting Pediatric academic hospital Clinical Translational Research Center. Participants Pubertal youth with normal weight (n = 47; 22 female, 25 male) and obesity (n = 37; 23 female, 14 male) Main Outcome Measures Si, insulin response (acute insulin response to glucose, AIRg) and disposition index (DI) by intravenous glucose tolerance test at baseline (T2-T3), T4, and T5 Results Youth with obesity had significantly lower Si and higher AIRg at each time point (P  & lt; 0.001), but DI was similar between the groups. There were no group differences in trajectory of Si, AIRg or DI over time. Leptin, insulin-like growth factor-1, and obesity were most strongly associated with Si and AIRg at all time points. Conclusions Obesity significantly impacts Si during puberty, even at the earliest stages. However, in general, obese youth have adequate β-cell compensation for the significantly reduced Si of puberty. Future studies are needed to better predict the subset of youth who fail to maintain β-cell compensation during puberty.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-972X , 1945-7197
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa043
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Endocrine Society
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2026217-6
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tubular Secretory Clearance Is Associated With Whole-Body Insulin Clearance
    The Endocrine Society ; 2020
    In:  The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 105, No. 11 ( 2020-11-01), p. e3882-e3891
    Details
    In: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Endocrine Society, Vol. 105, No. 11 ( 2020-11-01), p. e3882-e3891
    Abstract: The kidneys eliminate insulin via glomerular and peritubular mechanisms; consequently, the kidney contribution to insulin clearance may be underestimated by the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) alone. Objective To determine associations of tubular secretory clearance with whole-body insulin clearance and sensitivity in a dedicated study of glucose and insulin metabolism. Design, Setting, and Participants We performed an ancillary, cross-sectional study of tubular secretion in the Study of Glucose and Insulin in Renal Disease (SUGAR). Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps were performed in 57 nondiabetic persons with chronic kidney disease and 38 persons without kidney disease. Intervention We measured plasma and 24-hour urine concentrations of endogenous solutes primarily eliminated by tubular secretion. Kidney clearances of secretory solutes were calculated as the amount of blood fully cleared of that solute per minute. Main Outcome Measures Whole-body insulin clearance, insulin sensitivity. Results Mean whole-body insulin clearance was 924 ± 228 mL/min. After adjustment for age, sex, Black race, fat and fat-free mass, each 20% lower estimated GFR was associated with a 13 mL/min lower insulin clearance (95% confidence interval [CI], 2-24 mL/min lower). Each 20% lower clearance of isovalerylglycine and xanthosine were associated with a 16 mL/min lower (95% CI, 5-26 mL/min lower) and 19 mL/min lower (95% CI, 7-31 mL/min lower) insulin clearance, respectively. Neither estimated GFR nor secretory solute clearances were associated with insulin sensitivity a fter adjustment. Conclusions These results highlight the importance of tubular secretory pathways to insulin elimination but suggest that kidney functions in aggregate contribute only modestly to systemic insulin clearance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-972X , 1945-7197
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa522
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Endocrine Society
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2026217-6
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Diet-Induced Weight Loss Is Associated with an Improvement in β-Cell Function in Older Men
    The Endocrine Society ; 2004
    In:  The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 89, No. 6 ( 2004-06-01), p. 2704-2710
    Details
    In: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Endocrine Society, Vol. 89, No. 6 ( 2004-06-01), p. 2704-2710
    Abstract: Although weight loss in older subjects has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity, it is unclear what effect this lifestyle intervention has on β-cell function. To determine whether diet-induced weight loss can improve β-cell function in older subjects, we studied 19 healthy male subjects (age, 65.4 ± 0.9 yr; body mass index, 30.9 ± 0.6 kg/m2; mean ± sem) before and after a 3-month 1200-kcal/d diet. The insulin sensitivity index (SI) was quantified using Bergman’s minimal model. The acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg) and the maximal glucose-potentiated insulin response (AIRmax) were determined and then adjusted for SI (SI × AIRg and SI × AIRmax), thus providing measures of β-cell function. Subjects demonstrated significant weight loss (95.6 ± 2.4 to 86.1 ± 2.5 kg; P & lt; 0.001). Both fasting plasma glucose [97.3 ± 1.6 to 95.1 ± 1.3 mg/dl (5.4 ± 0.09 to 5.3 ± 0.07 mm); P = 0.05] and insulin [18.5 ± 1.3 to 12.2 ± 1.0 μU/ml (110.9 ± 7.7 to 73.5 ± 5.9 pm); P & lt; 0.001] levels decreased. With weight loss, SI increased [1.59 ± 0.24 to 2.49 ± 0.32 × 10−4 min−1/(μU/ml) (2.65 ± 0.4 to 4.15 ± 0.5 × 10−5 min−1/pm); P & lt; 0.001], whereas both AIRg [63.4 ± 13.4 to 51.0 ± 10.7 μU/ml (380 ± 80 to 306 ± 64 pm); P & lt; 0.05] and AIRmax [314 ± 31.4 to 259.9 ± 33.4 μU/ml (1886 ± 188 to 1560 ± 200 pm); P & lt; 0.05] decreased. Overall β-cell function improved (SI × AIRg, 9.63 ± 2.28 to 12.78 ± 2.58 × 10−3 min−1, P & lt; 0.05; and SI × AIRmax, 51.01 ± 9.2 to 72.69 ± 13.4 × 10−3 min−1, P & lt; 0.05). Thus, the weight loss-associated improvements in both insulin sensitivity and β-cell function may explain the beneficial effects of a lifestyle intervention on delaying the development of diabetes in older subjects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-972X , 1945-7197
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1210/jc.2003-031827
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Endocrine Society
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2026217-6
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...