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  • The Endocrine Society  (4)
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  • The Endocrine Society  (4)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Recovery of Endocrine and Inflammatory Mediators Following an Extended Energy Deficit
    The Endocrine Society ; 2014
    In:  The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 99, No. 3 ( 2014-03-01), p. 956-964
    Details
    In: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Endocrine Society, Vol. 99, No. 3 ( 2014-03-01), p. 956-964
    Abstract: Due to current operational requirements, elite soldiers deploy quickly after completing arduous training courses. Therefore, it is imperative that endocrine and inflammatory mediators have fully recovered. Objective: Our objective was to determine whether a short-term (2–6 wk) recovery period was sufficient to restore endocrine and inflammatory homeostasis after sustained energy deficit. Design: Before and immediately after the course, serum concentrations of inflammatory and endocrine markers were taken along with anthropometric measures prior to and immediately after the Army Ranger course. In addition, nine soldiers were assessed between 2 and 6 weeks after the course. Setting: This research occurred in a field setting during an intensive 8-week military training course characterized by high-energy expenditure, energy restriction, and sleep deprivation (U.S. Army Ranger School). Participants: Twenty-three male soldiers (23.0 ± 2.8 y; 177.6 ± 7.9 cm; 81.0 ± 9.6 kg, 16.8 ± 3.9% body fat) participated in this study. Interventions: There were no interventions used in this research. Outcome Measures and Results: Significant changes occurred in circulating total testosterone (−70%), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (−33%), total IGF-1 (−38.7%), free IGF-1 (−41%), IGF binding protein (IGFBP-6; −23.4%), sex-hormone binding globulin (+46%), thyroid stimulating hormone (+85%), IGFBP-1 (+534.4%), IGFBP-2 (+98.3%), IGFBP-3 (+14.7%), IL-4 (+135%), IL-6 (+217%), and IL-8 (+101%). Significant changes in body mass (−8%), bicep (−14%), forearm (−5%), thigh (−7%), and calf (−2%) circumferences, sum of skinfolds (−52%), and percentage body fat (−54%). All anthropometric, inflammatory, and hormonal values, except T3, were restored to baseline levels within 2–6 weeks after the course. Conclusions: Endocrine markers and anthropometric measures were degraded, and inflammatory mediators increased after an extended energy deficit. A short-term recovery of 2–6 weeks was sufficient to restore these mediators.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-972X , 1945-7197
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3046
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Endocrine Society
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2026217-6
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    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Loss of IGF-IEa or IGF-IEb Impairs Myogenic Differentiation
    The Endocrine Society ; 2011
    In:  Endocrinology Vol. 152, No. 5 ( 2011-05-01), p. 1923-1934
    Details
    In: Endocrinology, The Endocrine Society, Vol. 152, No. 5 ( 2011-05-01), p. 1923-1934
    Abstract: Actions of protein products resulting from alternative splicing of the Igf1 gene have received increasing attention in recent years. However, the significance and functional relevance of these observations remain poorly defined. To address functions of IGF-I splice variants, we examined the impact of loss of IGF-IEa and IGF-IEb on the proliferation and differentiation of cultured mouse myoblasts. RNA interference-mediated reductions in total IGF-I, IGF-IEa alone, or IGF-IEb alone had no effect on cell viability in growth medium. However, cells deficient in total IGF-I or IGF-IEa alone proliferated significantly slower than control cells or cells deficient in IGF-IEb in serum-free media. Simultaneous loss of both or specific loss of either splice variant significantly inhibited myosin heavy chain (MyHC) immunoreactivity by 70–80% (P & lt; 0.01) under differentiation conditions (48 h in 2% horse serum) as determined by Western immunoblotting. This loss in protein was associated with reduced MyHC isoform mRNAs, because reductions in total IGF-I or IGF-IEa mRNA significantly reduced MyHC mRNAs by approximately 50–75% (P & lt; 0.05). Loss of IGF-IEb also reduced MyHC isoform mRNA significantly, with the exception of Myh7, but to a lesser degree (∼20–40%, P & lt; 0.05). Provision of mature IGF-I, but not synthetic E peptides, restored Myh3 expression to control levels in cells deficient in IGF-IEa or IGF-IEb. Collectively, these data suggest that IGF-I splice variants may regulate myoblast differentiation through the actions of mature IGF-I and not the E peptides.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0013-7227 , 1945-7170
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-1279
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Endocrine Society
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2011695-0
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Minireview: Mechano-Growth Factor: A Putative Product of IGF-I Gene Expression Involved in Tissue Repair and Regeneration
    The Endocrine Society ; 2010
    In:  The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 95, No. 2 ( 2010-02-01), p. 980-980
    Details
    In: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Endocrine Society, Vol. 95, No. 2 ( 2010-02-01), p. 980-980
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-972X , 1945-7197
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1210/jcem.95.2.9991
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Endocrine Society
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2026217-6
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    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Minireview: Mechano-Growth Factor: A Putative Product of IGF-I Gene Expression Involved in Tissue Repair and Regeneration
    The Endocrine Society ; 2010
    In:  Endocrinology Vol. 151, No. 3 ( 2010-03-01), p. 865-875
    Details
    In: Endocrinology, The Endocrine Society, Vol. 151, No. 3 ( 2010-03-01), p. 865-875
    Abstract: The discovery that IGF-I mRNAs encoding isoforms of the pro-IGF-I molecule are differentially regulated in response to mechanical stress in skeletal muscle has been the impetus for a number of studies designed to demonstrate that alternative splicing of IGF-I pre-mRNA involving exons 4, 5, and 6 gives rise to a unique peptide derived from pro-IGF-I that plays a novel role in myoblast proliferation. Research suggests that after injury to skeletal muscle, the IGF-IEb mRNA splice variant is up-regulated initially, followed by up-regulation of the IGF-IEa splice variant at later time points. Up-regulation of IGF-IEb mRNA correlates with markers of satellite cell and myoblast proliferation, whereas up-regulation of IGF-IEa mRNA is correlated with differentiation to mature myofibers. Due to the apparent role of IGF-IEb up-regulation in muscle remodeling, IGF-IEb mRNA was also named mechano-growth factor (MGF). A synthetically manufactured peptide (also termed MGF) corresponding to the 24 most C-terminal residues of IGF-IEb has been shown to promote cellular proliferation and survival. However, no analogous peptide product of the Igf1 gene has been identified in or isolated from cultured cells, their conditioned medium, or in vivo animal tissues or biological fluids. This review will discuss the relationship of the Igf1 gene to MGF and will differentiate actions of synthetic MGF from any known product of Igf1. Additionally, the role of MGF in satellite cell activation, aging, neuroprotection, and signaling will be discussed. A survey of outstanding questions relating to MGF will also be provided.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0013-7227 , 1945-7170
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-1217
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Endocrine Society
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2011695-0
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