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  • The Electrochemical Society  (4)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Carbon Nanofiber Nanoelectrodes for Neural Stimulation and Chemical Detection: The Era of "Smart" Deep Brain Stimulation
    The Electrochemical Society ; 2016
    In:  ECS Meeting Abstracts Vol. MA2016-01, No. 40 ( 2016-04-01), p. 2023-2023
    Details
    In: ECS Meeting Abstracts, The Electrochemical Society, Vol. MA2016-01, No. 40 ( 2016-04-01), p. 2023-2023
    Abstract: A sensor platform based on vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (CNFs) has been developed.   Their inherent nanometer scale, high conductivity, wide potential window, good biocompatibility and well-defined surface chemistry make them ideal candidates as biosensor electrodes.  Here, we report two studies using vertically aligned CNF nanoelectrodes for biomedical applications. CNF arrays are investigated as neural stimulation and neurotransmitter recording electrodes for application in deep brain stimulation (DBS).  Polypyrrole coated CNF nanoelectrodes have shown great promise as stimulating electrodes due to their large surface area, low impedance, biocompatibility and capacity for highly localized stimulation.  CNFs embedded in SiO 2 have been used as sensing electrodes for neurotransmitter detection.  Our approach combines a multiplexed CNF electrode chip, developed at NASA Ames Research Center, with the Wireless Instantaneous Neurotransmitter Concentration Sensor (WINCS) system, developed at the Mayo Clinic.  Preliminary results indicate that the CNF nanoelectrode arrays are easily integrated with WINCS for neurotransmitter detection in a multiplexed array format.  In the future, combining CNF based stimulating and recording electrodes with WINCS may lay the foundation for an implantable “smart” therapeutic system that utilizes neurochemical feedback control while likely resulting in increased DBS application in various neuropsychiatric disorders.  In total, our goal is to take advantage of the nanostructure of CNF arrays for biosensing studies requiring ultrahigh sensitivity, high-degree of miniaturization, and selective biofunctionalization.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2151-2043
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1149/MA2016-01/40/2023
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2438749-6
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    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Enhancement of Low Level Dopamin Concentration Detecting Limit By Reducing Quantization Error
    The Electrochemical Society ; 2017
    In:  ECS Meeting Abstracts Vol. MA2017-01, No. 20 ( 2017-04-15), p. 1111-1111
    Details
    In: ECS Meeting Abstracts, The Electrochemical Society, Vol. MA2017-01, No. 20 ( 2017-04-15), p. 1111-1111
    Abstract: Fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is a technique that measures the concentrations of neurotransmitters in vivo or in vitro. Conventional FSCV uses a triangle waveform, which starts from -0.4V, sweeps to +1.3V and returns to -0.4V. It makes not only a large background signal, but also a small signal from oxidation and reduction of a neurotransmitter. These large background signals can be removed by a background subtraction technique which extracts only the oxidation and reduction signals. After that, analyze the subtracted signal to estimate the concentration of the neurotransmitter. It has a limit in detecting low-level concentration of neurotransmitter because a large quantization error comes from the wide range of analog-to-digital convertor (ADC). To measure low-level concentrations of a neurotransmitter, the range of the ADC was decreased to lower the quantization error. Even though using a narrow range of ADC has a low quantization error, it cannot measure the whole voltammagram. For this reason, the waveform is changed for the background signal to become flat, where the oxidation signal arises, and move these flat sections to ADC-range using hardware subtraction. Eventually, we can measure the oxidation signal in a narrow range with low quantization error.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2151-2043
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1149/MA2017-01/20/1111
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2438749-6
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tonic Dopamine Concentration Measurement Using Tailored Fscv
    The Electrochemical Society ; 2017
    In:  ECS Meeting Abstracts Vol. MA2017-01, No. 20 ( 2017-04-15), p. 1113-1113
    Details
    In: ECS Meeting Abstracts, The Electrochemical Society, Vol. MA2017-01, No. 20 ( 2017-04-15), p. 1113-1113
    Abstract: Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry along with its background subtraction method has been widely used for detecting neurotransmitters in the brain. The most common application of FSCV is measuring phasic changes of dopamine (DA) in the brain evoked by an external stimulus. The background subtraction method has greatly improved FSCV’s application to the neuroscience field. However, tonic dopamine concentration, which is as vital as phasic change, cannot be measured even though the background is subtracted. In this study, we developed a tailoring FSCV technique which can manipulate the background current by modifying a waveform’s voltage points. By using the technique, the last background current generated by multiple waveform application is tailored to the front background current. As a result, background current is cancelled out by subtracting the tailored (last) voltammagram from the front voltammagram. Therefore, only the DA oxidation/reduction pattern still remained between front and last voltammogram, so that, tailoring FSCV can detect tonic DA concentration without background subtraction method. The tailoring technique is evaluated by comparing it with commercialized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. By measuring endogenously released DA from DAergic cells, the tailoring method showed a significant correlation with ELISA results.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2151-2043
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1149/MA2017-01/20/1113
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2438749-6
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry with Microdialysis for Quantitative Measurement of Dopamine
    The Electrochemical Society ; 2017
    In:  ECS Meeting Abstracts Vol. MA2017-01, No. 20 ( 2017-04-15), p. 1112-1112
    Details
    In: ECS Meeting Abstracts, The Electrochemical Society, Vol. MA2017-01, No. 20 ( 2017-04-15), p. 1112-1112
    Abstract: Microdialysis methods have been widely used for the quantitative measurement of neurotransmitter concentrations in vivo. Because neurotransmitter efflux happens rapidly, microdialysis has a limit to detect neurochemical changes in the brain in real time. Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is one of the electroanalytical methods to monitor neurotransmitter efflux such as dopamine, serotonin, adenosine, and ascorbic acid in the brain. Because conventional FSCV analyzes voltammagram differences to detect chemical substances, measuring concentrations of neurotransmitters is desirable. In a previous study we introduced a new method using multi-waveform cyclic voltammetry to reduce voltammogram differences and enhance sensitivity and selectivity. In this study, we demonstrated FSCV with a carbon fiber microelectrode (CFM) adjacent to a microdialysis probe to measure concentration changes during microdialysis. Experiments were performed in agarose gel (0.1%) with a known concentration of dopamine inside, and perfusion of the dialysis probe with Tris-buffered saline (TBS, pH7.4, 5ul/min) decreased the baseline. After stabilization, a series of known concentrations of dopamine (200nM to 1uM) was perfused and concentration changes were monitored by FSCV until the decreased baseline was recovered. These results indicate that the amount of dopamine injected when decrease baseline is fully recovered reflects the concentration of dopamine inside the agarose gel. FSCV combined with microdialysis was also performed in the striatum of a rat, to monitor basal level of dopamine in the extracellular space of the brain.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2151-2043
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1149/MA2017-01/20/1112
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2438749-6
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
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