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  • The Company of Biologists  (5)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interspecific Comparisons of Endothermy in Honey-Bees ( APIS ): Deviations from the Expected Size-Related Patterns
    The Company of Biologists ; 1987
    In:  Journal of Experimental Biology Vol. 127, No. 1 ( 1987-01-01), p. 1-26
    Details
    In: Journal of Experimental Biology, The Company of Biologists, Vol. 127, No. 1 ( 1987-01-01), p. 1-26
    Abstract: We report the first measurements of thoracic flight temperature (Tth) in foragers of the three Asian honey-bee species (genus Apis), which, together with the European species A. mellifera, span a five-fold range in body mass from the smallest species to the largest. Over a 15°C range in ambient temperature (Ta), we found that Tth in each species is strongly dependent upon T” as previously shown for A. mellifera. However, the temperature gradients (Tth-Ta) at a given T, do not appear to increase with body size in the four species, as expected from many previous studies of endothermy in insects. The smallest species, A. florea, shows the smallest Tth-Ta, but the intermediate-sized A. cerana and A. mellifera both show a consistently higher Tth-Ta than the largest species, A. dorsata. We found that the rate of passive convective heat loss from the thorax scales linearly and inversely with body size in the four species, as in most insects, and that there is no striking anatomical evidence for differences in efficiency with which heat flow from the thorax to the abdomen is restricted. However, two important correlates of heat production -wing-loading and flight speed -are disproportionately high in A. cerana and A. mellifera relative to A. dorsata and A. florea, suggesting that an elevated mass-specific metabolic rate in flight may account for their unexpectedly high Tth-Ta. Furthermore, compared on a mass-specific basis, A. dorsata and A. florea are more similar to each other than either is to the other two species. This physiological dichotomy among the four species parallels a dichotomy in nesting behaviour and colony demography. Hence our results, in addition to raising many questions about physiological mechanisms in the energetics of honey-bees, suggest that there may be functional links between the energetic constraints on individuals and on colonies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0949 , 1477-9145
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1242/jeb.127.1.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Company of Biologists
    Publication Date: 1987
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482461-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The mechanism of flight guidance in honeybee swarms: subtle guides or streaker bees?
    The Company of Biologists ; 2008
    In:  Journal of Experimental Biology Vol. 211, No. 20 ( 2008-10-15), p. 3287-3295
    Details
    In: Journal of Experimental Biology, The Company of Biologists, Vol. 211, No. 20 ( 2008-10-15), p. 3287-3295
    Abstract: When a honeybee swarm takes off to fly to its new home site, less than 5%of the bees in the swarm have visited the site and thereby know in what direction the swarm must fly. How does the small minority of informed bees indicate the swarm's flight direction to the large majority of uninformed bees? Previous simulation studies have suggested two possible mechanisms of visual flight guidance: the informed bees guide by flying in the preferred direction but without an elevated speed (subtle guide hypothesis) or they guide by flying in the preferred direction and with an elevated speed(streaker bee hypothesis). We tested these hypotheses by performing a video analysis that enabled us to measure the flight directions and flight speeds of individual bees in a flying swarm. The distributions of flight speed as a function of flight direction have conspicuous peaks for bees flying toward the swarm's new home, especially for bees in the top of the swarm. This is strong support for the streaker bee hypothesis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1477-9145 , 0022-0949
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1242/jeb.018994
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Company of Biologists
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482461-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The behavioral regulation of thirst, water collection and water storage in honey bee colonies
    The Company of Biologists ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Experimental Biology Vol. 219, No. 14 ( 2016-07-15), p. 2156-2165
    Details
    In: Journal of Experimental Biology, The Company of Biologists, Vol. 219, No. 14 ( 2016-07-15), p. 2156-2165
    Abstract: This study investigated how a honey bee colony develops and quenches its collective thirst when it experiences hyperthermia of its broodnest. We found that a colony must strongly boost its water intake because evaporative cooling is critical to relieving broodnest hyperthermia, and that it must rapidly boost its water intake because a colony maintains only a small water reserve. We also clarified how a colony's water collectors know when to spring into action – by sensing either more frequent requests for fluid or greater personal thirst, or both. Finally, we found that the behavioral flexibility of a colony's water collectors enables them not only to satisfy their colony's current water needs but also to buffer their colony against future extreme water stresses by storing water in their crops and in their combs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1477-9145 , 0022-0949
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1242/jeb.139824
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Company of Biologists
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482461-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sensory coding of nest-site value in honeybee swarms
    The Company of Biologists ; 2008
    In:  Journal of Experimental Biology Vol. 211, No. 23 ( 2008-12-01), p. 3691-3697
    Details
    In: Journal of Experimental Biology, The Company of Biologists, Vol. 211, No. 23 ( 2008-12-01), p. 3691-3697
    Abstract: This study investigates the first stage of the decision-making process of a honeybee swarm as it chooses a nest site: how a scout bee codes the value of a potential nest site in the waggle dances she produces to represent this site. We presented honeybee swarms with a two-alternative choice between a high-value site and a medium-value site and recorded the behavior of individually identifiable scout bees as they reported on these two alternatives. We found that bees performed equally lengthy inspections at the two sites, but that, on the swarm cluster, they performed more dance circuits per bee for the high-value site. We also found that there was much individual-level noise in the coding of site value, but that there were clear population-level differences in total dance circuits produced for the two sites. The first bee to find a site had a high probability of reporting the site with a waggle dance, regardless of its value. This discoverer-should-dance phenomenon may help ensure that a swarm gives attention to all discovered sites. There was rapid decay in the dance response; the number of dance circuits produced by a bee after visiting a site decreased linearly over sequential visits, and eventually each bee ceased visiting her site. This decay, or `leakage', in the accumulation of bees at a site improves a swarm's decision-making ability by helping a swarm avoid making fast-decision errors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1477-9145 , 0022-0949
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1242/jeb.021071
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Company of Biologists
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482461-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Caste-dependent sleep of worker honey bees
    The Company of Biologists ; 2008
    In:  Journal of Experimental Biology Vol. 211, No. 18 ( 2008-09-15), p. 3028-3040
    Details
    In: Journal of Experimental Biology, The Company of Biologists, Vol. 211, No. 18 ( 2008-09-15), p. 3028-3040
    Abstract: Sleep is a dynamic phenomenon that changes throughout an organism's lifetime, relating to possible age- or task-associated changes in health,learning ability, vigilance and fitness. Sleep has been identified experimentally in many animals, including honey bees (Apis mellifera). As worker bees age they change castes, typically performing a sequence of different task sets (as `cell cleaners', `nurse bees', `food storers' and `foragers'). Belonging to a caste could differentially impact the duration, constitution and periodicity of a bee's sleep. We observed individually marked bees within observation hives to determine caste dependent patterns of sleep behavior. We conducted three studies to investigate the duration and periodicity of sleep when bees were outside comb cells, as well as duration of potential sleep when bees were immobile inside cells. All four worker castes we examined exhibited a sleep state. As bees aged and changed tasks, however, they spent more time and longer uninterrupted periods in a sleep state outside cells, but spent less time and shorter uninterrupted periods immobile inside cells. Although c cleaners and nurse bees exhibited no sleep:wake rhythmicity, food storers and foragers experienced a 24 h sleep:wake cycle, with more sleep and longer unbroken bouts of sleep during the night than during the day. If immobility within cells is an indicator of sleep, our study reveals that the youngest adult bees sleep the most, with all older castes sleeping the same amount. This in-cell potential sleep may compensate for what would otherwise indicate an exceptional increase of sleep in an aging animal.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1477-9145 , 0022-0949
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1242/jeb.017426
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Company of Biologists
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1482461-9
    SSG: 12
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