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  • The American Association of Immunologists  (32)
  • 1
    In: The Journal of Immunology, The American Association of Immunologists, Vol. 204, No. 1_Supplement ( 2020-05-01), p. 72.14-72.14
    Abstract: Advanced understanding of T cell regulation has fueled cancer immunotherapy, but durable responses remain confined to a minority of patients. Poor responses can be linked to either suppressed T cell function in tumors or “cold” tumors that exclude immune cells. Identifying novel T cell regulators involved in these processes is a high priority. Our studies identified the protein YAP as a novel regulator of T cells. YAP mRNA and protein were rapidly expressed after T cell activation in mouse CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. T cell-specific Yap knockout (YapKO) generated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that express elevated levels of activation markers (CD25, CD44, CD69) compared to WT cells. YapKO increased the sensitivity of T cells to anti-CD3 dose, and increased CD4+ T cell differentiation efficiency under Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg skewing conditions. YapKO CD8+ T cells expanded & gt;20-fold more than WT when cultured in engineered hydrogel matrices optimized for T cell expansions and adoptive transfer. Syngeneic tumors grown in T cell YapKO mice had impaired growth and increased immune infiltration compared to tumors in WT hosts. Co-adoptive transfer of YapKO and WT CD8+ T cells showed only YapKO cells infiltrated B16F10 tumors. RNAseq of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from tumors and draining lymph nodes showed gene expression changes including upregulation of T cell receptor and cytokine signaling pathways in YapKO hosts. T cells from tumor-draining lymph nodes were not significantly different between YapKO and WT. YapKO gene signatures correlated with immune infiltration and survival in multiple human cancers in TCGA. Our data demonstrated YAP is a novel regulator of diverse T cell functions and may be a useful target for enhancing responses to cancer immunotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1767 , 1550-6606
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    Language: English
    Publisher: The American Association of Immunologists
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475085-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The American Association of Immunologists ; 2018
    In:  The Journal of Immunology Vol. 200, No. 1_Supplement ( 2018-05-01), p. 57.33-57.33
    In: The Journal of Immunology, The American Association of Immunologists, Vol. 200, No. 1_Supplement ( 2018-05-01), p. 57.33-57.33
    Abstract: The interplay between the microbiome and the anti-tumor T cell specific response is a rising field in cancer immunotherapy. The effect of antigen homology between commensal bacteria and neo-antigen specific responses in tumors has, in concept, a high degree of targeted application. The neo-antigen response is a tumor specific antigen rising from mutation in the tumor cells has been associated with an increased anti-tumor ability with immunotherapy. Using a model of neo-antigen specificity with Kb-SIY in B16-SIY melanoma and commensal bacteria Bifidobacterium we identified a model of antigen mimicry for neo-antigen. Commensal bacteria antigen “Kb-SVY” is not inhibited from binding into the MHC molecule and leads to stable peptide MHC interactions. T cell populations for Kb-SIY and Kb-SVY show cross-reactivity for homologous antigens. And the impact of Bifidobacterium on the developing response show an in vivo priming to create a robust commensal bacteria response that contributes to the anti-tumor activity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1767 , 1550-6606
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    Language: English
    Publisher: The American Association of Immunologists
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 3
    In: The Journal of Immunology, The American Association of Immunologists, Vol. 162, No. 3 ( 1999-02-01), p. 1765-1771
    Abstract: Human T cell lymphotropic virus-I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy is a slowly progressive neurologic disease characterized by inflammatory infiltrates in the central nervous system accompanied by clonal expansion of HTLV-I-reactive CD8+ T-cells. In patients carrying the HLA-A2 allele, the immune response is primarily directed to the Tax11-19 peptide. The frequency, activation state, and TCR usage of HLA-A2/Tax11-19 binding T cells in patients with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy was determined using MHC class I tetramers loaded with the Tax11-19 peptide. Circulating Tax11-19-reactive T cells were found at very high frequencies, approaching 1:10 circulating CD8+ T cells. T cells binding HLA-A2/Tax11-19 consisted of heterogeneous populations expressing different chemokine receptors and the IL-2R β-chain but not the IL-2R α-chain. Additionally, Tax11-19-reactive CD8+ T cells used one predominant TCR Vβ-chain for the recognition of the HLA-A2/Tax11-19 complex. These data provide direct evidence for high frequencies of circulating Tax11-19-reactive CD8+ T cells in patients with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1767 , 1550-6606
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    Language: English
    Publisher: The American Association of Immunologists
    Publication Date: 1999
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The American Association of Immunologists ; 2014
    In:  The Journal of Immunology Vol. 192, No. 1_Supplement ( 2014-05-01), p. 73.11-73.11
    In: The Journal of Immunology, The American Association of Immunologists, Vol. 192, No. 1_Supplement ( 2014-05-01), p. 73.11-73.11
    Abstract: Polyfunctionality is a hallmark of protective immunity against pathogens and cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms governing the induction of polyfunctional T cells are not completely understood. We found that during antigen-driven expansion of human virus-specific T cells, Wnt pathway activation enhances the CD62L+, CD28+, and KLRG1- central memory T cell phenotype and promoted the generation of highly polyfunctional virus-specific T cells. Such effects are not only seen in influenza-specific responses but also in terminally differentiated CMV- and HIV-specific T cells. Mechanistically induction of polyfunctionality was independent of arresting antigen-specific cell expansion and is T cell-intrinsic. These findings provide the first evidence that Wnt pathway activation leads to polyfunctional antigen-specific memory human T cells responses and therefore have implications for treatment of chronic viral infections and cancer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1767 , 1550-6606
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    Language: English
    Publisher: The American Association of Immunologists
    Publication Date: 2014
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The American Association of Immunologists ; 2009
    In:  The Journal of Immunology Vol. 182, No. 1_Supplement ( 2009-04-01), p. 86.3-86.3
    In: The Journal of Immunology, The American Association of Immunologists, Vol. 182, No. 1_Supplement ( 2009-04-01), p. 86.3-86.3
    Abstract: Identification of specific markers of thymocytes that develop into specialized lineages is important for understanding thymic differentiation and lineage commitment. We have recently shown that double-negative (DN) but not conventional T cells express syndecan 1 (sdc1), a major heparan sulphate proteoglycan previously known to be expressed by intestinal epithelia and plasma cells. Here we show a highly restricted expression of sdc1 by a small subset of cells of the αβ lineage during thymic development. Unlike mainstream (sdc1-) thymocytes, sdc1+ thymocytes developed mainly into CD4-CD8-TCRαβ + DN T cells including NKT cells. Sdc1 expression on this small subset was first detected at the DN4 stage, indicating that it was not induced by TCR-MHC interactions. Distribution of sdc1+ thymocytes among the double-positive (DP) thymocyte pool was limited to distinct (TCRβlowCD4lowCD8low) cells. β2m-deficiency blocked maturation of sdc1+TCRαβ + DN cells without affecting the immature subset development. A few sdc1+ thymocytes were selected on MHC class II into CD4 T cells. The existence of phenotypically definable thymocytes such as sdc1-expressing cells within the immature (DN4 and DP) pool suggests that early thymocytes include unique lineage committed precursors that have not been previously identified due to the lack of specific markers. Funding: NIH DK069279 and DK066039.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1767 , 1550-6606
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    Language: English
    Publisher: The American Association of Immunologists
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The American Association of Immunologists ; 2009
    In:  The Journal of Immunology Vol. 182, No. 1_Supplement ( 2009-04-01), p. 99.17-99.17
    In: The Journal of Immunology, The American Association of Immunologists, Vol. 182, No. 1_Supplement ( 2009-04-01), p. 99.17-99.17
    Abstract: Type-1 diabetes (T1D) is an organ specific autoimmune disease that affects children. T, B and dendritic cells infiltrate islets in the early stage of disease leading to insulitis followed by islet destruction and hyperglycemia. Development of T1D in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice is completely inhibited by gld or lpr mutations of Fas and FasL, respectively, even though mutant mice develop T cell lymphoproliferation and the Fas pathway is not essential for T cell activation. Recently, we have shown heterozygous gld mutation (gld/+) provides complete protection without causing lymphoproliferation. Using NOD-gld/+ mouse as a model, we found that the protection is not due to deletion of autoreactive T cells or switching of T helper polarization. Islet-reactive BDC2.5 TCR transgenic CD4 T cells transferred into NOD-gld/+ mice were efficiently primed in the pancreatic lymph nodes but failed to accumulate in the pancreas. FasL deficiency selectively reduced expression of CD40 and frequency of B cells in the pancreas. Transfer of wild type B cells into NOD-gld/+ mice results in mobilization of endogenous T cells particularly CD8 T cells and of co-transferred BDC2.5 T cells resulting in severe insulitis. These results provide the first evidence that B cells play an essential role in gld-mediated protection from T1D and that expression of functional FasL on B cells is key for initiation insulitis. Supported by grants from AHA and JDRF.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1767 , 1550-6606
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    Language: English
    Publisher: The American Association of Immunologists
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475085-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The American Association of Immunologists ; 2010
    In:  The Journal of Immunology Vol. 184, No. 1_Supplement ( 2010-04-01), p. 95.14-95.14
    In: The Journal of Immunology, The American Association of Immunologists, Vol. 184, No. 1_Supplement ( 2010-04-01), p. 95.14-95.14
    Abstract: Natural killer T (NKT) cells play a pivotal role in maintaining immune homeostasis. NKT cells rapidly secrete both proinflammatory and inflammatory cytokines following activation. However, the role costimulatory molecules during activation and their impact on effector functions have yet to be clearly defined. Our innovative system, which utilizes bead-based artificial Antigen Presenting Cells (aAPC), allows us to systematically evaluate the role of different costimulatory molecules on NKT cell activation and expansion. In this study, we have examined the effects of CD28, CD44, CD161, and OX-40 on NKT cell proliferation, phenotype and function. We found that the costimulatory molecules which increased NKT cell proliferation also enhanced cytokine production and cytotoxic function. These studies will enhance our knowledge of NKT cell biology and may aid in the development of novel NKT cell-based immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of infectious and autoimmune diseases, as well as cancer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1767 , 1550-6606
    RVK:
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    Language: English
    Publisher: The American Association of Immunologists
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475085-5
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The American Association of Immunologists ; 2009
    In:  The Journal of Immunology Vol. 182, No. 1_Supplement ( 2009-04-01), p. 41.22-41.22
    In: The Journal of Immunology, The American Association of Immunologists, Vol. 182, No. 1_Supplement ( 2009-04-01), p. 41.22-41.22
    Abstract: Natural killer T (NKT) cells play a pivotal role in maintaining immune homeostasis. Many studies examining patients with cancer have shown that there is a reduction in both NKT cell number and function. Due to the complexities of manipulating NKT cells in vivo, ex vivo expanded effector NKT cells would be an excellent therapeutic modality. To date, immunotherapy utilizing the NKT/CD1d system has been dependent on the use of autologous antigen presenting cells pulsed with α-galactocylceramide (α-GalCer). In this study, we have generated CD1d- expressing artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPC) to examine co-stimulatory requirements for NKT cells and to expand NKT cells from the peripheral blood of healthy controls and cancer patients. We tracked the level of NKT cell expansion and the expanded population was characterized both phenotypically and functionally. We found that CD1d-based aAPC can effectively propagate both canonical (iNKT cells) and noncanonical NKT cells. Thus, CD1d-expressing aAPC will enhance our knowledge of NKT cell biology and could potentially be used as a novel tool in adoptive immunotherapeutic strategies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1767 , 1550-6606
    RVK:
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    Language: English
    Publisher: The American Association of Immunologists
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475085-5
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The American Association of Immunologists ; 2012
    In:  The Journal of Immunology Vol. 188, No. 1_Supplement ( 2012-05-01), p. 178.9-178.9
    In: The Journal of Immunology, The American Association of Immunologists, Vol. 188, No. 1_Supplement ( 2012-05-01), p. 178.9-178.9
    Abstract: The lateral organization of surface receptors controls ligand binding and activation. Our group has shown that activated T Cells exhibit persistent clustering of T Cell Receptor (TCR) several days after stimulation, leading to enhanced binding of soluble Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) dimers at low concentrations. In contrast, other groups have shown a complete loss of binding in activated T Cells during the same time period. Here, we resolve this contradiction by demonstrating that persistent binding behavior is controlled by the dose of antigen during primary activation. T Cells from TCR transgenic mice stimulated with high but not low dose of peptide are unable to specifically bind soluble Kb-SIY or Db-GP100 MHC dimer four days after stimulation. The behavior is not due to differences in the surface expression of TCR, CD8alpha, or CD8beta. Cytokine production mirrors the loss of binding. However, both high and low dose stimulated cells are able to bind the so-called ‘CD8 independent’ Ld-QL9 dimer, implicating the coreceptor in the binding defect. Using biophysical binding assays, k-space Image Correlation Spectroscopy, and Forster Resonance Energy Transfer between TCR and CD8, we demonstrate that TCR and CD8 are segregated, and TCR unclustered, on high dose activated T Cells, impairing CD8-dependent binding. Thus, membrane organization derived binding defects represent a mechanism for controlling T Cell responses to supraoptimal antigen.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1767 , 1550-6606
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    Language: English
    Publisher: The American Association of Immunologists
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475085-5
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The American Association of Immunologists ; 2013
    In:  The Journal of Immunology Vol. 190, No. 1_Supplement ( 2013-05-01), p. 55.2-55.2
    In: The Journal of Immunology, The American Association of Immunologists, Vol. 190, No. 1_Supplement ( 2013-05-01), p. 55.2-55.2
    Abstract: The competency of antigen specific (Ag+) lymphocytes plays a critical role in the adaptive immune response. However, little is known about the differences in the competency of Ag+ T cells against different viruses. Here, we compared the CD8 T cell responses of 23 healthy adults to CMV (pp65) or Flu (M1) peptides using an in vitro artificial antigen presenting system. We found that CD8 T cell responses to CMV or Flu varied in both proliferation and Granzyme B production and were independent of the frequency of initial CMV+ or Flu+ CD8 T cells. In the comparison of the responses of Naïve (Tn) and central memory (Tcm) CD8 T cells, Tcm exhibited a greater expansion than did Tn for both CMV and Flu antigen. Intriguingly, the variations of the expansion between CMV+ and Flu+ CD8 T cells were observed only in Tcm but not Tn cells, indicating the importance of antigen experience. Furthermore, the expansion ability was correlated with the telomere length in the initial CD8 T cells positively and expanded Ag+ CD8 T cells negatively, suggesting a role for telomere length in cell proliferation. Taken together, this study showed that incompetency of Ag+ CD8 T cells is associated with antigen experience and short telomere length in healthy adults. Currently, we are analyzing the usage of the TCR variable genes (alpha and beta) of CMV+ or Flu+ CD8 T cells by a single cell RT-PCR-Sequencing method to gain additional information about the structure of these TCR against CMV and Flu antigens.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1767 , 1550-6606
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    Language: English
    Publisher: The American Association of Immunologists
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475085-5
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