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  • The American Association of Immunologists  (4)
  • 1
    In: The Journal of Immunology, The American Association of Immunologists, Vol. 177, No. 10 ( 2006-11-15), p. 7059-7066
    Abstract: Host resistance to the intracellular protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi depends on IFN-γ production by T cells and NK cells. However, the involvement of innate immunity in host resistance to T. cruzi remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated host defense against T. cruzi by focusing on innate immunity. Macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) from MyD88−/−TRIF−/− mice, in which TLR-dependent activation of innate immunity was abolished, were defective in the clearance of T. cruzi and showed impaired induction of IFN-β during T. cruzi infection. Neutralization of IFN-β in MyD88−/− macrophages led to enhanced T. cruzi growth. Cells from MyD88−/−IFNAR1−/− mice also showed impaired T. cruzi clearance. Furthermore, both MyD88−/−TRIF−/− and MyD88−/−IFNAR1−/− mice were highly susceptible to in vivo T. cruzi infection, highlighting the involvement of innate immune responses in T. cruzi infection. We further analyzed the molecular mechanisms for the IFN-β-mediated antitrypanosomal innate immune responses. MyD88−/−TRIF−/− and MyD88−/−IFNAR1−/− macrophages and DCs exhibited defective induction of the GTPase IFN-inducible p47 (IRG47) after T. cruzi infection. RNA interference-mediated reduction of IRG47 expression in MyD88−/− macrophages resulted in increased intracellular growth of T. cruzi. These findings suggest that TLR-dependent expression of IFN-β is involved in resistance to T. cruzi infection through the induction of IRG47.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1767 , 1550-6606
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    Language: English
    Publisher: The American Association of Immunologists
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475085-5
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  • 2
    In: The Journal of Immunology, The American Association of Immunologists, Vol. 180, No. 6 ( 2008-03-15), p. 4032-4039
    Abstract: Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) has multiple functions, including inhibition of protease activity, microbial growth, and inflammatory responses. In this study, we demonstrate that mouse SLPI is critically involved in innate host defense against pulmonary mycobacterial infection. During the early phase of respiratory infection with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin, SLPI was produced by bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells, as well as alveolar macrophages, and secreted into the alveolar space. Recombinant mouse SLPI effectively inhibited in vitro growth of bacillus Calmette-Guérin and Mycobacterium tuberculosis through disruption of the mycobacterial cell wall structure. Each of the two whey acidic protein domains in SLPI was sufficient for inhibiting mycobacterial growth. Cationic residues within the whey acidic protein domains of SLPI were essential for disruption of mycobacterial cell walls. Mice lacking SLPI were highly susceptible to pulmonary infection with M. tuberculosis. Thus, mouse SLPI is an essential component of innate host defense against mycobacteria at the respiratory mucosal surface.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1767 , 1550-6606
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: The American Association of Immunologists
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475085-5
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  • 3
    In: The Journal of Immunology, The American Association of Immunologists, Vol. 181, No. 12 ( 2008-12-15), p. 8521-8527
    Abstract: Mycobacterium tuberculosis invades alveolar epithelial cells as well as macrophages. However, the role of alveolar epithelial cells in the host defense against M. tuberculosis remains unknown. In this study, we report that lipocalin 2 (Lcn2)-dependent inhibition of mycobacterial growth within epithelial cells is required for anti-mycobacterial innate immune responses. Lcn2 is secreted into the alveolar space by alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells during the early phase of respiratory mycobacterial infection. Lcn2 inhibits the in vitro growth of mycobacteria through sequestration of iron uptake. Lcn2-deficient mice are highly susceptible to intratracheal infection with M. tuberculosis. Histological analyses at the early phase of mycobacterial infection in Lcn2-deficient mice reveal increased numbers of mycobacteria in epithelial cell layers, but not in macrophages, in the lungs. Increased intracellular mycobacterial growth is observed in alveolar epithelial cells, but not in alveolar macrophages, from Lcn2-deficient mice. The inhibitory action of Lcn2 is blocked by the addition of endocytosis inhibitors, suggesting that internalization of Lcn2 into the epithelial cells is a prerequisite for the inhibition of intracellular mycobacterial growth. Taken together, these findings highlight a pivotal role for alveolar epithelial cells during mycobacterial infection, in which Lcn2 mediates anti-mycobacterial innate immune responses within the epithelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1767 , 1550-6606
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: The American Association of Immunologists
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475085-5
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  • 4
    In: The Journal of Immunology, The American Association of Immunologists, Vol. 174, No. 6 ( 2005-03-15), p. 3650-3657
    Abstract: Macrophages play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic colitis. However, it remains unknown how macrophages residing in the colonic lamina propria are regulated. We characterized colonic lamina proprial CD11b-positive cells (CLPMφ). CLPMφ of wild-type mice, but not IL-10-deficient mice, displayed hyporesponsiveness to TLR stimulation in terms of cytokine production and costimulatory molecule expression. We compared CLPMφ gene expression profiles of wild-type mice with IL-10-deficient mice, and identified genes that are selectively expressed in wild-type CLPMφ. These genes included nuclear IκB proteins such as Bcl-3 and IκBNS. Because Bcl-3 has been shown to specifically inhibit LPS-induced TNF-α production, we analyzed the role of IκBNS in macrophages. Lentiviral introduction of IκBNS resulted in impaired LPS-induced IL-6 production, but not TNF-α production in the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7. IκBNS expression led to constitutive and intense DNA binding of NF-κB p50/p50 homodimers. IκBNS was recruited to the IL-6 promoter, but not to the TNF-α promoter, together with p50. Furthermore, small interference RNA-mediated reduction in IκBNS expression in RAW264.7 cells resulted in increased LPS-induced production of IL-6, but not TNF-α. Thus, IκBNS selectively suppresses LPS-induced IL-6 production in macrophages. This study established that nuclear IκB proteins differentially regulate LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine production in macrophages.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1767 , 1550-6606
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: The American Association of Immunologists
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475085-5
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