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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    IL-7 Induces Myelopoiesis and Erythropoiesis
    The American Association of Immunologists ; 2007
    In:  The Journal of Immunology Vol. 178, No. 3 ( 2007-02-01), p. 1553-1563
    Details
    In: The Journal of Immunology, The American Association of Immunologists, Vol. 178, No. 3 ( 2007-02-01), p. 1553-1563
    Abstract: IL-7 administration to mice was previously reported to increase the mobilization of progenitor cells from marrow to peripheral sites. We now report that IL-7 increases the number of mature myeloid and monocytic cells in spleen and peripheral blood. This effect required T cells, and we show that IL-7 treatment in vivo induced GM-CSF and IL-3 production by T cells with memory phenotype. However, additional myelopoietic cytokines were shown to be involved because mice deficient in both GM-CSF and IL-3 also responded to IL-7 with increased myelopoiesis. Candidate cytokines included IFN-γ and Flt3 ligand, which were also produced in response to IL-7. Because IFN-γ-deficient mice also increased myelopoiesis, it was suggested that IL-7 induced production of redundant myelopoietic cytokines. In support of this hypothesis, we found that the supernatant from IL-7-treated, purified T cells contained myelopoietic activity that required a combination of Abs against GM-CSF, IL-3, and anti-Flt3 ligand to achieve maximum neutralization. IL-7 administration increased the number of splenic erythroid cells in either normal, Rag1 or GM-CSF-IL-3-deficient mice, suggesting that IL-7 might directly act on erythroid progenitors. In support of this theory, we detected a percentage of TER-119+ erythroid cells that expressed the IL-7Rα-chain and common γ-chain. Bone marrow cells expressing IL-7R and B220 generated erythroid colonies in vitro in response to IL-7, erythropoietin, and stem cell factor. This study demonstrates that IL-7 can promote nonlymphoid hemopoiesis and production of cytokines active in the host defense system in vivo, supporting its possible clinical utility.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1767 , 1550-6606
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.3.1553
    RVK:
    XA 54100
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: The American Association of Immunologists
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475085-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    TLT2 expression and function are conserved between mouse and human (135.37)
    The American Association of Immunologists ; 2009
    In:  The Journal of Immunology Vol. 182, No. 1_Supplement ( 2009-04-01), p. 135.37-135.37
    Details
    In: The Journal of Immunology, The American Association of Immunologists, Vol. 182, No. 1_Supplement ( 2009-04-01), p. 135.37-135.37
    Abstract: Trem-like transcript 2 (TLT2) is an innate immune receptor belonging to the TREM family, but unlike other TREM receptors, it is also expressed on cells of the lymphoid lineage. Murine TLT2 (mTLT2) is expressed on neutrophils, macrophages, and B cells, but not on monocytes or T cells. Within the B cell compartment, mTLT2 expression is highest on MZ and B1 cells, followed by T1/T2 cells, and then follicular B cells. Expression of mTLT2 is upregulated on neutrophils and macrophages, but not B cells, in response to inflammatory stimuli. Ligation of mTLT2 on B cells results in enhanced migration towards various chemokines in vitro. Human TLT2 (hTLT2) and mTLT2 exhibit 60% homology, but little is known regarding hTLT2 expression and function. Therefore, studies were performed to characterize its expression profile and function. Neutrophils, macrophages, and B cells express hTLT2, but not T cells. In contrast to mouse, hTLT2 is expressed on human monocytes at levels comparable to macrophages. A hierarchy of hTLT2 expression is observed in the B cell compartment in which hTLT2 expression is highest on mature, naïve B cells, and decreases upon activation and participation in germinal center reactions. Human B cells and neutrophils exhibit enhanced migration towards chemokines upon hTLT2 ligation in vitro, similar to that observed in mouse. Thus, TLT2 expression patterns and function are largely conserved between human and mouse.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1767 , 1550-6606
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.Supp.135.37
    RVK:
    XA 54100
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: The American Association of Immunologists
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475085-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    TLT2 Potentiates Neutrophil Antibacterial Activity and Chemotaxis in Response to G Protein-Coupled Receptor-Mediated Signaling
    The American Association of Immunologists ; 2011
    In:  The Journal of Immunology Vol. 187, No. 5 ( 2011-09-01), p. 2346-2355
    Details
    In: The Journal of Immunology, The American Association of Immunologists, Vol. 187, No. 5 ( 2011-09-01), p. 2346-2355
    Abstract: Receptors encoded within the Trem locus have been shown to play an important role in modulating the cellular response to pattern recognition receptor signaling. TREM-like transcript 2 (TLT2) is a member of the Trem locus that is conserved in mouse and human. TLT2 exhibits a unique expression pattern in that it is expressed on cells of the myeloid and lymphoid lineage, suggesting that it plays a role in both innate and adaptive immunity. In this work, studies reveal that TLT2 plays an important role in potentiating neutrophil antibacterial activity and chemotaxis. TLT2 ligation enhances the neutrophil response to the formylated peptide FMLF, leading to increased reactive oxygen species production, degranulation, and chemotaxis. Moreover, TLT2 has the ability to specifically potentiate neutrophil activation and chemotaxis in response to a range of agonists that bind to G protein-coupled receptors, as it does not potentiate the response of cells to growth factor receptor-, Fc receptor-, or TLR-mediated signaling. Finally, TLT2 ligation potentiates the recruitment of neutrophils to sites of inflammation in vivo. These findings reveal a novel functional role for TLT2 that involves potentiation of neutrophil responses to G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Thus, TLT2 appears to play an important role in enhancing the innate immune response via a novel molecular mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1767 , 1550-6606
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100534
    RVK:
    XA 54100
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: The American Association of Immunologists
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475085-5
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    HIV-Specific CD8+ T Cell Function in Children with Vertically Acquired HIV-1 Infection Is Critically Influenced by Age and the State of the CD4+ T Cell Compartment
    The American Association of Immunologists ; 2003
    In:  The Journal of Immunology Vol. 170, No. 8 ( 2003-04-15), p. 4403-4410
    Details
    In: The Journal of Immunology, The American Association of Immunologists, Vol. 170, No. 8 ( 2003-04-15), p. 4403-4410
    Abstract: The immunology of vertical HIV transmission differs from that of adult infection in that the immune system of the infant is not fully matured, and the factors that influence the functionality of CD8+ T cell responses against HIV in children remain largely undefined. We have investigated CD8+ T cell responses in 65 pediatric subjects with vertically acquired HIV-1 infection. Vigorous, broad, and Ag dose-driven CD8+ T cell responses against HIV Ags were frequently observed in children who were older than 3 years of age and maintained CD4+ T cell counts & gt;400 cells/μl. In contrast, younger age or a CD4+ T cell count & lt;400 cells/μl was associated with poor CD8+ T cell responses and high HIV loads. Furthermore, subjects with a severely depleted and phenotypically altered CD4+ T cell compartment had circulating Gag-specific CD8+ T cells with impaired IFN-γ production. When viral load was not suppressed by antiviral treatment, subjects that fell below the putative age and CD4+ T cell count thresholds had significantly reduced CD8+ T cell responses and significantly higher viral loads. Thus, the data suggest that fully effective HIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses take years to develop despite an abundance of Ag in early life, and responses are further severely impaired, independent of age, in children who have a depleted or skewed CD4+ T cell compartment. The results are discussed in relation to differences between the neonatal and adult immune systems in the ability to respond to HIV infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-1767 , 1550-6606
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.170.8.4403
    RVK:
    XA 54100
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: The American Association of Immunologists
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475085-5
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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