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  • Springer Science and Business Media LLC  (3)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Estrogens regulate neuroinflammatory genes via estrogen receptors α and β in the frontal cortex of middle-aged female rats
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2011
    In:  Journal of Neuroinflammation Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2011-12)
    Details
    In: Journal of Neuroinflammation, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2011-12)
    Abstract: Estrogens exert anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in the brain mainly via estrogen receptors α (ERα) and β (ERβ). These receptors are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-dependent transcription factors. This study was aimed at the elucidation of the effects of ERα and ERβ agonists on the expression of neuroinflammatory genes in the frontal cortex of aging female rats. Methods To identify estrogen-responsive immunity/inflammation genes, we treated middle-aged, ovariectomized rats with 17β-estradiol (E2), ERα agonist 16α-lactone-estradiol (16α-LE2) and ERβ agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN), or vehicle by Alzet minipump delivery for 29 days. Then we compared the transcriptomes of the frontal cortex of estrogen-deprived versus ER agonist-treated animals using Affymetrix Rat230 2.0 expression arrays and TaqMan-based quantitative real-time PCR. Microarray and PCR data were evaluated by using Bioconductor packages and the RealTime StatMiner software, respectively. Results Microarray analysis revealed the transcriptional regulation of 21 immunity/inflammation genes by 16α-LE2. The subsequent comparative real-time PCR study analyzed the isotype specific effects of ER agonists on neuroinflammatory genes of primarily glial origin. E2 regulated the expression of sixteen genes, including down-regulation of complement C3 and C4b, Ccl2, Tgfb1, macrophage expressed gene Mpeg1, RT1-Aw2, Cx3cr1, Fcgr2b, Cd11b, Tlr4 and Tlr9, and up-regulation of defensin Np4 and RatNP-3b, IgG-2a, Il6 and ER gene Esr1. Similar to E2, both 16α-LE2 and DPN evoked up-regulation of defensins, IgG-2a and Il6, and down-regulation of C3 and its receptor Cd11b, Ccl2, RT1-Aw2 and Fcgr2b. Conclusions These findings provide evidence that E2, 16α-LE2 and DPN modulate the expression of neuroinflammatory genes in the frontal cortex of middle-aged female rats via both ERα and ERβ. We propose that ERβ is a promising target to suppress regulatory functions of glial cells in the E2-deprived female brain and in various neuroinflammatory diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1742-2094
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-8-82
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2156455-3
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    A bibliographic review of climate change and fertilization as the main drivers of maize yield: implications for food security
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Agriculture & Food Security Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2023-06-02)
    Details
    In: Agriculture & Food Security, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2023-06-02)
    Abstract: Crop production contribution to food security faces unprecedented challenge of increasing human population. This is due to the decline in major cereal crop yields including maize resulting from climate change and declining soil infertility. Changes in soil nutrient status and climate have continued to occur and in response, new fertilizer recommendations in terms of formulations and application rates are continuously developed and applied globally. In this sense, this review was conducted to: (i) identify the key areas of concentration of research on fertilizer and climate change effect on maize grain yield, (ii) assess the extent of the effect of climate change on maize grain yield, (iii) evaluate the extent of the effect of fertilization practices on maize grain yield, and (iv) examine the effect of interaction between climate change factors and fertilization practices on maize grain yield at global perspective. Methodology Comprehensive search of global literature was conducted in Web of Science (WoS) database. For objective 1, metadata on co-authorship (country, organisation), and co-occurrence of keywords were exported and analysed using VOSviewer software. For objective 2–4, yield data for each treatment presented in the articles were extracted and yield increment calculated. Results The most significant keywords: soil fertility, nutrient use efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency, integrated nutrient management, sustainability, and climate change adaptation revealed efforts to improve maize production, achieve food security, and protect the environment. A temperature rise of 1–4 °C decreased yield by 5–14% in warm areas and increased by  〈  5% in cold areas globally. Precipitation reduction decreased yield by 25–32%, while CO 2 concentration increased and decreased yield by 2.4 to 7.3% and  9 to 14.6%, respectively. A promising fertilizer was a combination of urea + nitrapyrin with an average yield of 5.1 and 14.4 t ha −1 under non-irrigation and irrigation, respectively. Fertilization under climate change was projected to reduce yield in the average range of 10.5–18.3% by 2099. Conclusion The results signified that sole fertilizer intensification is insufficient to attain sustainable maize yield. Therefore, there is need for integrated agronomic research that combines fertilizers and other technologies for enhancing maize yield, and consequently maize contribution to the attainment of global food security under climate change conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2048-7010
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s40066-023-00419-3
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662504-0
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Silver precipitation: a new and easy to use method for measuring of wheat kernel surface area
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2006
    In:  Cereal Research Communications Vol. 34, No. 2-3 ( 2006-06), p. 1169-1176
    Details
    In: Cereal Research Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 34, No. 2-3 ( 2006-06), p. 1169-1176
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0133-3720 , 1788-9170
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1556/CRC.34.2006.2-3.257
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2296169-0
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