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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron-microscopy and electron-diffraction study of order-disorder phenomena in the intercalate C60(I2)2−x (1994)
    Springer
    Applied physics 58 (1994), S. 107-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.10 ; 68.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Single crystals of iodine-intercalated C60 have been examined by transmission electron microscopy. Tilting series of Electron Diffraction Patterns (EDP) confirm that it has a simple hexagonal structure with c/a≈1 in accordance with the results of X-ray diffraction, which allows higher precision c/a=1.0024. Cooling and heating experiments were performed in the vacuum of the microscope to investigate the order — disorder phenomena. High-Resolution Electron Microscopy (HREM) images and electron diffraction patterns reveal that the c/2-displacement along the c-direction plays an important role in the transition from the simple hexagonal structure into the fcc structure when iodine is lost from the specimen or “vice versa”. The orientation relationship between the intercalate and the C60 structure is [01 $$\overline {\text{1}}$$ 10]h∥[1 $$\overline {\text{1}}$$ 10]fcc and (001)h∥(110)fcc. A model is proposed to interpret the features observed in EDP and HREM consistently.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332166
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of human PAI-2 in the baculovirus expression system (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 21 (1998), S. 175-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: plasminogen activator inhibitor-2; baculovirus; expression vector; secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Using pSXIVVI+X3 as an expressing vector, an occluded recombinant Trichoplusia ni nuclear polyhedrosis virus carrying the cDNA encoding plasminogen activators inhibitor-2 (PAI-2) under the control of the Syn and XIV promoters, has been constructed. SDS-PAGE and immunoblot analysis revealed that the virus-mediated PAI-2, with a molecular weight of ∼45 kDa, was synthesized in the Sf cells at a level of ∼16% of total intracellular protein and in the supernatant phase at a level of ∼64% of total extracellular protein secreted into the hemolymph of infected larvae. The expressed protein was similar to its authentic counterpart in terms of immunoreactivity and bioactivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900559
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous synthesis of luciferase and human nerve growth factor in caterpillars infected with a recombinant baculovirus (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 21 (1998), S. 289-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: hNGF; Luc; PCR; baculovirus system; transfer vector; gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Human nerve growth factor (hNGF) gene was proliferated with human leucocyte DNA as template by PCR. Then a fusion gene coding hNGF and luciferase (Luc) cDNAs was inserted into transfer vector pSXIVVI+X3/3 with the control of Syn XIV promoter. Luc and hNGF were simultaneously synthesized in Spodoptera larvae upon infection with a recombinant baculovirus, TnNPV-Luc-NGF-OCC+. Densitometric scanning of SDS-PAGE revealed that ∼18% of the total Coomassie blue-stainable protein of the infected larvae was represented by Luc protein, while the hNGF level was ∼8%. Both proteins were similar to their authentic counterparts in terms of immunoreactivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900579
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic models for astaxanthin production by high cell density mixotrophic culture of the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 23 (1999), S. 691-696 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: Haematococcus pluvialis; mixotrophic culture; light irradiance; astaxanthin production; kinetic model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: High cell density cultivation of Haematococcus pluvialis for astaxanthin production was carried out in batch and fed-batch modes in 3.7-L bioreactors with stepwise increased light intensity control mode. A high cell density of 2.65 g L−1 (batch culture) or 2.74 g L−1 (fed-batch culture) was obtained, and total astaxanthin production in the fed-batch culture (64.36 mg L−1) was about 20.5% higher than in the batch culture (53.43 mg L−1). An unstructured kinetic model to describe the microalga culture system including cell growth, astaxanthin formation, as well as sodium acetate consumption was proposed. Good agreement was found between the model predictions and experimental data. The models demonstrated that the optimal light intensity for mixotrophic growth of H. pluvialis in batch or fed-batch cultures in a 3.7-L bioreactor was 90–360 μmol m−2 s−1, and that the stepwise increased light intensity mode could be replaced by a constant light intensity mode.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900685
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the fusion protein recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and leukemia inhibitory factor in a baculovirus vector system (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 23 (1999), S. 103-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: GM-CSF; LIF; baculovirus system; transfer vector; gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A fusion gene coding human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) cDNAs was inserted into the transfer vector pSXIVVI+ X3 with the control of Syn and XIV promoters. The Sf9 cells (Spodoptera frugiperda) were co-transfected with the recombinant plasmid and TnNPV DNA (Trichoplusia ni nuclear polyhedrosis virus DNA). The fusion protein recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) could be synthesized in cells infected with recombinant virus at a level of about 23% of their total cellular protein. Activity analysis of the fusion protein in infected cells revealed that it exhibited the dual activities of GM-CSF and LIF. Western blot analysis of the expressed fusion protein in infected larvae showed that the virus-mediated fusion protein, with a molecular weight of ∼35 kDa, is confirmed with immunoreactivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900699
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic models for phycocyanin production by high cell density mixotrophic culture of the microalga Spirulina platensis (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 21 (1998), S. 283-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: Spirulina platensis; mixotrophic culture; light irradiance; phycocyanin production; kinetic model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Phycocyanin production by high cell density cultivation of Spirulina platensis in batch and fed-batch modes in 3.7-L bioreactors with a programmed stepwise increase in light intensity program was investigated. The results showed that the cell density in fed-batch culture (10.2 g L−1) was 4.29-fold that in batch culture (2.38 g L−1), and the total phycocyanin production in the fed-batch culture (0.795 g L−1) was 3.05-fold that in the batch culture (0.261 g L−1). An unstructured kinetic model to describe the microalga culture system including cell growth, phycocyanin formation, as well as glucose consumption was proposed. The data fitted the models well (r 2 〉 0.99). Furthermore, based on the kinetic models, the potential effects of light limitation and photoinhibition on cell growth and phycocyanin formation can be examined in depth. The models demonstrated that the optimal light intensity for mixotrophic growth of Spirulina platensis in batch or fed-batch cultures using a 3.7-L bioreactor was 80160 μE m−2 s−1, and the stepwise increase in light intensity can be replaced by a constant light intensity mode.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900581
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A kinetic model for lutein production by the green microalga Chlorella protothecoides in heterotrophic culture (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 23 (1999), S. 503-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: Chlorella protothecoides; heterotrophic culture; lutein production; unstructured kinetic model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Production of lutein by the green microalga Chlorella protothecoides grown heterotrophically in a fermentor using glucose as the carbon source and urea as the nitrogen source was investigated. An unstructured kinetic model was proposed to describe the microalgal culture system including cell growth, lutein formation, as well as glucose and nitrogen consumption. The inhibition potentials of biomass, product and substrates on growth and lutein formation were examined and incorporated into the kinetic model. Values of the kinetic model parameters were estimated. The resulting model predictions were in good agreement with the experimental results. The model can be helpful in scale-up, optimization and control of the C. protothecoides culture process, and can also be used as a guideline for similar microalgal cultivation systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900760
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation studies of polyacrylamide solution (2000)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 278 (2000), S. 264-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Key words Polyacrylamide ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Relaxation ; Cohesional entanglement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  The cohesive interaction among polymer chains in a polyacrylamide (PAAm)–D2O solution has been studied by NMR relaxation. The NMR relaxation times of PAAm in the good solvent D2O were measured at different temperatures. The results show that the solution system has a high local viscosity and that its relaxation characteristic is soft-solid-like. The temperature dependence of the relaxation behavior of the solution is obviously different from that of ordinary polymer solutions. The difference lies in the relaxation behavior of the methylene protons in the main chain of PAAm, as shown by analyzing the relaxation process with single exponential and biexponential decays. As the temperature increases, the solvation is weakened, leading polymer chains to form curling coils, thus hindering the movement of the methylene protons among the main chains. It can be expected from the existence of 80% fast-relaxing protons that there are a zhigh number of entanglements among the polymer chains in PAAm solution. The information about entanglements among the polymer chains can be deduced from the biexponential dependence of the spin–spin relaxation on the concentration of the polymer solutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003960050042
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrooptic sampling of freely propagating terahertz fields (1996)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 28 (1996), S. 945-951 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The electrooptic measurement of freely-propagating, subpicosecond pulsed electromagnetic waves (terahertz fields) are presented. A LiTaO3 crystal was used as a sensor head and achieved subpicosecond temporal resolution and 22 mVcm−1Hz−1/2 field sensitivity. The flat frequency response from the electrooptic crystals permitted the detection of radiation with ultrawide bandwidth and overcame previous limitations imposed by the resonant structure of photoconductive dipole antennas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00820159
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of loss influence on the generation of soliton trains in a dispersion decreasing fibre (1997)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 29 (1997), S. 413-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The influence of fibre loss on the generation of high bit rate and high quality soliton pulse trains using dual-frequency beat-signal and dispersion decreasing fibre (DDF) is analysed theoretically and numerically. The results show that when fibre loss is taken into account, the propagation behaviour of the pulse train is quite different from that when loss is neglected even though the condition Γ (normalized loss) ≪ σ0 (equivalent gain of DDF) is satisfied. As a result, when designing experiment work, one must be cautious in neglecting loss.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018539129901
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