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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of succinylated concanavalin A on infectivity and syncytial formation of human immunodeficiency virus (1990)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 179 (1990), S. 225-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of various lectins on the infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 was investigated. Among the 25 lectins investigated, 2 types of concanavalin A (Con A) and 3 types of phytohemagglutinin were found to inhibit HIV infection. Succinylated Con A (S-Con A) efficiently blocked HIV-induced formation of syncytia in a coculture of MOLT-4 cells and blocked cell-free infection by HIV of MT-4 cells. The HIV-binding study revealed that S-Con A only partially inhibited viral binding to cells, although the control Leu-3a monoclonal antibody strongly inhibited it. When S-Con A was added to cultures after the initiation of viral adsorption, the number of HIV antigen-positive cells that developed depended on the time interval before addition of the compound. S-Con A inhibited HIV infection even after viral binding to cells at 0 °C and further incubation at 37 °C for 1 day. These data suggest that S-Con A inhibited mainly the fusion process rather than viral binding to cells in exerting its anti-HIV activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192460
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intra-arterial administration of methotrexate, Adriamycin, and cisplatin as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for bladder cancer (1992)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 30 (1992), S. S1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary As neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced bladder cancer, the intra-arterial administration of methotrexate (MTX), Adriamycin (ADM), and cisplatin (CDDP; IA-MAC) was evaluated. A total of 48 patients with bladder cancer (≧T2 or CIS) were selected and received 30.1 mg MTX, 34.5 mg ADM, and 89.1 mg CDDP as an average course. The mean tumor-regression rate after 2 or 3 weeks was 52.3%, and patients with grade 3 transitional-cell carcinoma showed the best results, achieving a 69.6% regression rate. In 30 cases (63%), downstaging was observed. Among the 46 patients who underwent subsequent surgical therapy, the bladder could be preserved in 26 cases by transurethral resection or segmental resection. According to the criteria of the Japanese Association of Cancer Therapy, a histological effect of GIII or better was obtained in 15 cases (29%). The histological effect correlated well with the tumor-regression rate. As compared with intravenous therapy with MTX, vinblastine, ADM, and CDDP (M-VAC), IA-MAC treatment was well tolerated due to its lower degree of bone marrow suppression, and it resulted in a longer disease-free interval and better survival. In addition, the period prior to surgical therapy was shortened in this study. These results suggest that IA-MAC chemotherapy can be useful as an arm of multidisciplinary treatment of advanced bladder tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686932
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intra-arterial chemotherapy using a reservoir for endocrine-refractory prostate cancer (1994)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 35 (1994), S. S27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Keywords: Prostate cancer ; Endocrine refractory tumor ; Intra-arterial chemotherapy ; Reservoir
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract For local control in patients with endocrinerefractory prostate cancer, an intra-arterial chemotherapy regimen comprising methotrexate (MTX), Adriamycin (ADM), and cisplatin (CDDP) was evaluated. A total of 19 patients having a mean age of 66.4±8.8 years and a mean performance status (PS) of 1.3±1.0 were enrolled. Of these patients, 3 had proved to be resistant to initial endocrine therapy and the remaining 16 had relapsed from disease stabilization after endocrine therapy. The catheter tip was placed in the internal iliac artery in 16 cases, in the common iliac artery in 2 cases, and in the aorta in 1 case after occlusion of the contralateral feeding artery. The intra-arterial chemotherapy was performed mainly using MTX (30 mg/m2), ADM (30 mg/m2), and CDDP (50 mg/m2) as one course and was repeated for a mean of 2.9±2.3 courses. Then, in an outpatient clinic, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), ADM, or MTX was given intra-arterially as maintenance chemotherapy until re-relapse. As based on the criteria for evaluation of nonsurgical therapy in prostate cancer proposed by the Japanese Urological Association, the prostatic lesion showed a partial response (PR) in 9 cases and no change (NC) in 10 cases. As judged from the response of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a complete response (CR) was obtained in 6 cases, a PR, in 3 cases; and NC and progressive disease (PD), in 2 cases each. Therefore, the overall response rate was 63%. Improvement in the symptoms was observed in 83% of patients. The duration of the response was 15.1±10.5 months for the PR cases and 7.4±5.7 months for the NC cases. Furthermore, the mean survival time observed in the PR group was 38.9 months, which was better than that seen in the NC (16.4 months) and PD (10.5 months) groups. These results suggest that intra-arterial chemotherapy may become and option for the treatment of locally advanced and endocrine-refractory prostate cancers. Using a reservoir, this chemotherapy can be easily given in an outpatient clinic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686915
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of rice OSH1 gene is localized in developing vascular strands and its ectopic expression in transgenic rice causes altered morphology of leaf (1995)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 14 (1995), S. 555-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Transgenic rice plants (Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare) carrying 1 or 2 copies of a rice homeobox gene, OSH1, under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter were generated. The transgene caused altered morphology of leaf, such as ligule-replacement and abnormal division of sclerenchyma cells. The phenotype of these leaves resembles that of maize leaf morphological mutant, Knotted 1, which is caused by duplication of the KN1 gene (Veit et al., 1990). The in situ hybridization analysis has revealed that the expression of endogenous OSH1 is mainly localized in developing vascular strands of stem. We have discussed the biological roles of OSH1 in rice based on these results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231937
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of HTLV-I induction and virus-induced syncytia formation by oligodeoxynucleotides (1996)
    Springer
    Virus genes 12 (1996), S. 205-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-994X
    Keywords: HTLV-I ; antisense oligodeoxynucleotides ; tax gene ; antiviral activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract HTLV-I is an exogenous human retrovirus that is a causative agent of adult T cell leukemia (ATL). In addition to the structural genes (gag, pol and env), a gene termed pX is postulated to be associated with leukemogenesis in ATL. Since no effective chemotherapy is currently available, it is important to find suitable therapeutic means against ATL. Here, we tested the inhibitory effect of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) on HTLV-I infection in different systems. ODNs were synthesized with the phosphorothioate backbone targeted to either structural genes or transactivator genes. The phosphorothioate ODNs were found to have two distinct target sites to exert their effect on HTLV-I infection: 1) Several ODNs, including sense ODNs and random oligomers, blocked syncytium formation induced by HTLV-I at a concentration of 0.1 μM. Their inhibitory effect on syncytium formation seemed to be exerted in a nonantisense manner, most probably due to their interaction with the cell membrane. 2) Efficient suppression by ODNs of gag gene expression after chemical induction was observed in HTLV-I-transformed T cells in an antisense manner. In this suppression, tax-antisense ODN showed virtually complete inhibition of gag protein expression, but not RNA expression, at the concentration of 0.1 μM, whereas tax-sense ODN displayed a weak inhibitory effect. Our results suggest that the influence of the phosphorothioate compound should be considered from the aspect of two separated mechanisms of antiviral activity, the effects on early (viral adsorption) and late (translation) phase infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00284641
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of human T-cell lines harboring defective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (1989)
    Springer
    Virus genes 3 (1989), S. 141-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-994X
    Keywords: defective HIV-1 ; cellular clone ; syncytia ; reverse transcriptase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Defective HIV-producing T-cell lines were subcloned from MT-4/HIVHTLV-IIIB′ MOLT-4/HIVHTLV-IIIB, and H9/HIVHTLV-IIIB cell lines chronically infected with HIV. The NY-M10 cell line derived from MOLT-4/HIVHTLV-IIIB and the NY-H6 cell line derived from H9/HIVHTLV-IIIB produce defective HIV, which lacks the ability to infect human T-cell lines. NY-M10 cells retain the capacity to form multinucleated giant cells in cocultivation with HIV-uninfected CD4-positive cells. However, NY-H6 cells failed to fuse with CD4-positive cells. Electron microscopic analysis indicated that the defective HIV produced from NY-M10, like those reported previously, lacked the structure of the nucleocapsid, and the virion released from NY-H6 was indistinguishable from those of authentic HIV particles. Southern and Northern blotting analyses of NY-M10 and NY-H6 cleared that the genome of those defective viruses was not significantly deleted, suggesting minor mutation(s) should take place on the viral genome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00125126
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased production of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in HIV-induced syncytia formation: An efficient infection process (1992)
    Springer
    Virus genes 6 (1992), S. 63-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-994X
    Keywords: HIV ; syncytia formation ; virus-receptor interaction ; unintegrated DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Syncytia or multinucleated giant-cell formation is one of the major cytopathic effects induced by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Cell fusion results from the strong interaction of CD4 molecules on the surface of the uninfected T cells and gp120, an external envelope glycoprotein of HIV on the infected T cells. We studied the production of HIV in fusion cells between MOLT-4 and virus-infected MOLT-4/HIV cells and found that HIV production was enhanced up to three- to fivefold, which showed a good correlation with the appearance and extent of syncytia formation. Blocking the fusion by monoclonal antibody against a binding epitope of CD4 molecule to gp120 decreased the HIV production significantly. Enhancement of HIV production was observed by more than five-fold in comparison with chronically infected cells, which were fusion free 20 hr postcocultivation. Electron microscopic observation also showed the presence of abundant HIV particles inside the fused cells and on the outer surface. AZT blocked the HIV augmentation of fused cells in coculture completely. Southern blot analysis revealed that both integrated and unintegrated HIV DNA were highly accumulated in fusion cells, as compared with fusion-free MOLT-4/HIV cells. Among unintegrated DNA, circular and linear DNA were accumulated to a similar degree. Northern blot hybridization showed that rapid enhancement of all three species of HIV-specific RNA containing genomic (9.2 kb) and subgenomic (4.3 and 1.9 kb) RNAs were found 20 hr postinfection in fusion cells. These data suggest that syncytia formation is an extremely active infection process of HIV, by which multiple rounds of reinfection might take place.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01703758
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a supersensitive polymerase chain reaction method for human T lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) and detection of HTLV-II proviral DNA from blood donors in Japan (1992)
    Springer
    Virus genes 6 (1992), S. 119-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-994X
    Keywords: HTLV-II ; PCR ; blood donor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A supersensitive polymerase chain reaction procedure was developed to detect human T-lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) proviral genome. Six primer pairs covering the various regions of HTLV-II were compared and selected on the basis of specificity and sensitivity. Among them, one primer pair of the pol region of HTLV-II (II pol) was able to amplify and detect even 0.1 fg of the cloned plasmid HTLV-II DNA (seven copies) by regular ethidium bromide staining on polyacrylamide gel. By using this procedure, we screened 189 HTLV-I seropositive blood donors from Yamaguchi and Fukuoka Red Cross Blood Centers, Japan. There were four positive samples detectable with the HTLV-II-specific pol primer pair, as well as with the HTLV-I tax primer pair. The amplified DNAs of two specimens were cloned and sequenced. The sequences of the HTLV-I tax region from both specimens were identical to that of HTLV-I. On the other hand, those of the HTLV-II pol region were identical to that of HTLV-II, except for one base substitution in a clone from one subject. These results indicate that dual infection of HTLV-I and HTLV-II in the same persons occurs among Japanese blood donors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01703061
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is TNF involved in the progression of AIDS? (1990)
    Springer
    Virus genes 4 (1990), S. 183-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-994X
    Keywords: AIDS ; HIV ; TNF
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00678409
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of human immunodeficiency virus production by natural lymphotoxin (1988)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 177 (1988), S. 181-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of natural lymphotoxin (n-LT) on CD4+ MOLT-4 cells and those cells producing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), MOLT-4/ HIVHTLV-IIIB cells, was studied. Four days after treatment with n-LT, a significant cytotoxic/cytostatic effect was observed predominantly on MOLT-4/HIVHTLV-IIIB cells. Furthermore, with regard to the production of HIV, an almost 3- to 5-fold increase of viral particles was observed in MOLT-4/HIVHTLV-IIIB cells 6 h after treatment with n-LT. These data indicate the possibility that this cytotoxic factor is one of the responsible molecules in the pathogenesis of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrom (AIDS).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211217
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