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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid-crystal alignment of phthalocyanine-derived Langmuir-Blodgett films (1994)
    Springer
    Applied physics 59 (1994), S. 617-619 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 61.30. Gd ; 61.16. Ch ; 68.18.+ p
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Twisted nematic liquid crystals were uniformly aligned on Phthalocyanine (Pc)-derived Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films. By scanning tunneling microscopy imaging, it was found that the Pc-LB film has a well-ordered in-plane column-like structure oriented in the dipping direction, based on which the alignment mechanisms are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081182
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid-crystal alignment of rubbed polyimide films: A microscopic investigation (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 613-618 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 61.30 ; 61.16 ; 68.35
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Rubbed polyimide films were investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). On a large scale, microgrooves due to rubbing treatment were observed, whilst on a small scale, polyimide chain molecules were found to be non-uniformly oriented. Liquid-crystal mono-layers were adopted in this study as visualizing media for AFM observation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081700
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of vapor attenuation in surface ablation of cobalt by pulsed UV laser (2000)
    Springer
    Applied physics 71 (2000), S. 271-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 81.05.Bx; 81.65.Cf
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Numerical calculations based on a thermal model were presented, which describe the process of target heating and ablation of cobalt during irradiation by 30-ns laser pulses at 308 nm. The attenuation of laser by vapor has been taken into account in this model. As results of the calculations, the temperature distribution beneath the target surface and the temporal evolution of surface temperature were given. The dependence of ablation rate on laser fluence was also studied based on this model. The surface ablation of cobalt with pulsed excimer laser was investigated experimentally. Our model considering proper vapor attenuation has shown to be in good agreement with the experimental results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390000505
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A specific 4977-bp deletion of mitochondrial DNA in human ageing skin (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 286 (1994), S. 386-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Skin ageing ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Deletion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations have recently been proposed as important contributors to ageing and degenerative diseases. In this study, we applied the polymerase chain reaction technique to detect 4.977 bp-deleted mtDNA, the most common and abundant deletion of mtDNA, in normal human skin. None of the skin specimens from patients less than 60 years of age were found to bear this type of mtDNA deletion. The incidence of the 4977-bp-deleted mtDNA increased with advancing age. The incidence of the deletion was 20%, 46.7% and 83.4% for patients of the age groups of 61–70, 71–80, and 81–90 years, respectively. Moreover, the incidence of 4977-bp-deleted mtDNA was significantly higher in exposed skin than that in non-exposed skin. We suggest that mtDNA mutations are molecular events associated with the human skin ageing process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00371798
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-trapping of weak optical beams in photorefractive materials (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 651-654 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.25.Bs ; 42.60.Fc ; 42.65.Jx
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Intensity-independent self-trapping of optical beams in photorefractive crystals was found recently. But we show that due to the existence of dark conductivity in some photorefractive materials or coherent and non-coherent background irradiance, the self-trapping of weak optical beams in photorefractive materials, such as SBN, becomes intensity dependent. The threshold condition of the applied external de electric field for self-trapping is determined as function of the material parameters as well as the initial transverse sizes and relative intensities of the beams.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01542878
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excimer-laser-induced permanent electrical conductivity in solid C60 films (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 509-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 73.61 ; 78.30 ; 81.40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract After being irradiated in air by a XeCI (308 nm) excimer laser, the electrical conductivity of solid thin-film C60 has been improved by more than six orders of magnitudes. The products resulting from laser irradiation of C60 films have been investigated by Raman scattering and the onset of conductivity can be attributed to laser-induced oxygenation and disintegration of the fullerene. Irradiated by ≈ 40 ns laser pulses with different fluence, products with different microstructure were observed. At lower fluence, the Raman features of microcrystalline graphite and fullerene polymer were observed. At a fluence just below the ablation threshold (36 mJ/cm2), the fullerene molecules in the film were disintegrated completely and transformed to amorphous graphite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01571684
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excimer-laser-induced permanent electrical conductivity in solid C60 films (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 509-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 73.61; 78.30; 81.40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  After being irradiated in air by a XeCl (308 nm) excimer laser, the electrical conductivity of solid thin-film C60 has been improved by more than six orders of magnitudes. The products resulting from laser irradiation of C60 films have been investigated by Raman scattering and the onset of conductivity can be attributed to laser-induced oxygenation and disintegration of the fullerene. Irradiated by ≈40 ns laser pulses with different fluence, products with different microstructure were observed. At lower fluence, the Raman features of microcrystalline graphite and fullerene polymer were observed. At a fluence just below the ablation threshold (36 mJ/cm2), the fullerene molecules in the film were disintegrated completely and transformed to amorphous graphite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01571684
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic force microscopy and UV-visible absorption-spectroscopy studies of ZnO nanometer colloidal particles supported on graphite (1994)
    Springer
    Applied physics 59 (1994), S. 115-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 68.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract ZnO nanometer particles were synthesized by depositing ZnO colloidal suspensions onto the substrate of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG). The isolated particles and their aggregation phase were directly imaged by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). High-resolution AFM images have been used to measure the diameter of individual particles, and large area images revealed that these ZnO particles on graphite surface form netlike aggregation. Experimental results also indicated that dispersive particles on a flat area are very mobile and easy to be pushed around during scanning due to the their weak adsorption on the substrate and tip-particle interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332203
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Domain structures of phospholipid monolayer Langmuir-Blodgett films determined by atomic force microscopy (1994)
    Springer
    Applied physics 59 (1994), S. 139-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 68.55
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has been used to show the formation of solid-phase domains from fluid-phase domains on compression of DiPalmitoyl-PhosphatidylCholine (DPPC) monolayer Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films. The chiral structures on the solid substrates were observed for the first time. By applying the friction force technique, we were able to distinguish the different regions of LB films according to their elastic properties. The influence of rates of compression on the domain shape as well as the microstructure within the domain were also studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00332206
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-trapping of weak optical beams in photorefractive materials (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 651-654 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 42.25.Bs; 42.60.Fc; 42.65.Jx
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  Intensity-independent self-trapping of optical beams in photorefractive crystals was found recently. But we show that due to the existence of dark conductivity in some photorefractive materials or coherent and non-coherent background irradiance, the self-trapping of weak optical beams in photorefractive materials, such as SBN, becomes intensity dependent. The threshold condition of the applied external dc electric field for self-trapping is determined as function of the material parameters as well as the initial transverse sizes and relative intensities of the beams.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01542878
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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