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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz 42 (1999), S. 196-205 
    ISSN: 1437-1588
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary To assess the epidemiological situation of salmonellosis in Germany a total of 1608 strains of salmonella sampled in a sentinel-study were isolated and typed. The results on occurrence, distribution, types and antbiotic resistance of salmonella were compared with both the strains forwarded to the National Reference Center (NRC) for Salmonellosis for typing from all regions of Germany and the strains notified according to the duty of notification in the five new Länder (federal countries) and Berlin. In all three studies about 40% of salmonellosis were observed between July and September. Approximately a quarter of salmonellosis fell into the age group 0 to 5 years, around half of salmonellosis occurred in the age groups 0 to 14 years. The incidence rates in the sentinel-study and of the notified salmonellosis were highly corresponding with rates of 160.8 and 165.4, respectively. S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium were the most important serovars. Among the S. enteritidis strains the rates of resistance to the antimicrobial agents used were just 0–2.6%. Also the rate of multiresistant strains of S. enteritidis was very low, 1.3% and 2.8%, respectively. By contrast among the S. typhimurium strains high rates of resistance to ampicillin (A), chloramphenicol (C), streptomycin (S), sulfonamide (Su), tetracycline (T) were found. The drug resistance of S. typhimurium DT 104 had a special significance (R-type ACSSuT). About 90% of the strains tested showed this pattern of drug resistance. Among the other salmonella only the resistance to tetracycline (20%) and to sulfonamide (80%) played a role. The fact is important that up to now among all salmonella resistance to ciprofloxacin (0.2%) and cefotaxim (0.1%) was observed rarely. The dominant epidemic strain S. enteritidis PT 4 was not declining and it was not replaced by the emerging epidemic strains S. typhimurium DT 194 so far.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur Einschätzung der Salmonellose in Deutschland 1997 wurden im Rahmen der Sentinel-Studie 1608 Salmonella-Stämme isoliert und typisiert. Die erzielten Ergebnisse über Vorkommen, Verbreitung, Typenspektrum und Antibiotikaresistenz der Salmonellen wurden mit den dem Nationalen Referenzzentrum aus allen Regionen Deutschlands vorliegenden humanen Salmonella-Isolaten sowie stellvertretend für das gesamte Bundesgebiet mit den 29 326 nach BSeuchG aus den neuen Bundesländern und Berlin gemeldeten Salmonellen verglichen. In allen drei Studien wurden zwischen Juli und September etwa 40% der Salmonellosen beobachtet. Entsprechend lagen in diesem Zeitraum die monatlichen Inzidenzraten zwischen etwa 20 und 30%. Etwa ein Viertel der Salmonellosen entfiel auf das Säuglings-, Kleinkind- und Vorschulalter, die knappe Hälfte auf die Altersklasse bis 14 Jahre. S. enteritidis und S. typhimurium waren die mit Abstand wichtigsten Serovare. Bei S. enteritidis war das Resistenzniveau gegen fast alle getesteten Antibiotika mit Resistenzanteilen zwischen 0 bis 2,6% sehr niedrig. Multiresistente S. enteritidis-Stämme waren mit Anteilen von 1,3% bzw. 2,8% zu vernachlässigen. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigte S. typhimurium eine beachtliche Resistenz gegen Ampicillin (A), Chloramphenicol (C), Streptomycin (S), Sulfonamide (Su), Tetracycline (T), besondere Bedeutung hat dabei vor allem die Antibiotikaresistenz von S. typhimurium DT 104. Wichtig ist, daß bisher bei Salmonellen nur vereinzelt Resistenzen gegen Ciprofloxacin (0,2%) und Cefotaxim (0,1%) beobachtet wurden. Prognostische Einschätzungen der vergangenen Jahre, daß der führende Epidemiestamm S. enteritidis PT 4 rückläufig ist und durch einen neuen aufkommenden Epidemiestamm S. typhimurium DT 104 ersetzt wird, haben sich 1997 nicht erfüllt.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graphs and combinatorics 12 (1996), S. 345-360 
    ISSN: 1435-5914
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We give conditions on the minimum numberk of colors, sufficient for the existence of given types of properly edge-colored subgraphs in ak-edge-colored complete graph. The types of subgraphs we study include families of internally pairwise vertex-disjoint paths with common endpoints, hamiltonian paths and hamiltonian cycles, cycles with a given lower bound of their length, spanning trees, stars, and cliques. Throughout the paper, related conjectures are proposed.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Plötzlicher Kindstod (SID) ; Elterliche Reaktion nach SID ; Tötung ; Key words Sudden infant death (SID) ; Reaction by parents after SID ; Violence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Grief and depressive syndrome belong to normal reaction by parents after a sudden infant death (SID). In the following we report on two cases from the point of view of psychiatry and forensic medicine in which, subsequent to SID, mothers reacted with extremly grave depression and occused themselves of having killed the child. Furthermore, some recommendiations are given for the care of parents affected.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Trauer und depressive Syndrome gehören zu den normalen Reaktionen von Eltern nach einem Plötzlichen Kindestod („sudden infant death”, SID). Wir berichten im folgenden aus psychiatrischer und rechtsmedizinischer Sicht über 2 Fälle, in denen die Mütter nach SID mit außergewöhnlich schweren Depressionen reagierten und sich selbst vorwarfen, sie hätten ihr Kind getötet. Abschließend werden einige Empfehlungen für die Betreuung betroffener Eltern mitgeteilt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 43 (1994), S. 671-673 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter:Ösophageale Fremdkörperaspiration – Atemnot – Epilepsie ; Key words: Oesophageal aspiration of foreign bodies – Respiratory depression – Epilepsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract. We report an oesophageal foreign body in a patient with a seizure disorder secondary to encephalitis disseminata who was transferred to our department of neurosurgery because of rising intracranial pressure. He presented with confusion, motor aphasia, and dysphagia. However, the diagnosis of increased intracranial pressure could not be confirmed clinically or by computed tomography. A routine chest X-ray film showed a dental prosthesis projecting on the area of the hypopharynx. Bronchoscopy and oesophagoscopy showed the denture to be lodged in the hypopharynx, but it was impossible to remove it endoscopically. Therefore, an oesophagopharyngotomy was performed and the foreign body extracted. The postoperative course was complicated by pneumonia, which responded well to antibiotic treatment. The patient made an otherwise uneventful recovery and was able to eat without difficulty.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung. In der vorliegenden Kasuistik wird eine Fremdkörperaspiration in den Ösophagus beschrieben, die initial zur Desorientiertheit, Schluck- und Sprachstörungen des Patienten geführt hatte. Da der Patient unter einem Anfallsleiden litt, das durch eine Encephalomyelitis disseminata ausgelöst worden war, wurde er zunächst unter dem Verdacht einer Hirndrucksteigerung in eine neurochirurgische Abteilung verlegt. Eine Computertomographie des Kopfes ergab aber keinen pathologischen Hinweis dafür. Per Zufall wurde bei einer Röntgenaufnahme des Thorax eine hoch zu Ösophagus sitzende Zahnprothese entdeckt, die konservativ nicht eliminiert werden konnte. Nach Ösophagopharyngotomie wurde die Prothese ausgeschält, die folgende Intensivtherapie war bis auf eine kurzzeitige Pneumonie problemlos. Mit reizfreien Wundverhältnissen wurde der Patient in sein Heimatkrankenhaus zurückverlegt.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 47 (1894), S. 560-567 
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 60 (1990), S. 370-376 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Heavy progressive resistance exercise ; Punch exercises ; Maximal muscle strength ; Speed of movement - ; Stretch-shortening cycle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of three different training programmes on the maximal speed of an unloaded movement (a karate punch) was studied. Three movement variables were selected: maximal speed of the hand (νh,max), maximal speed of the shoulder (νs,max) and elbow extension speed $$\left( {\dot \Theta _E } \right)$$ simultaneous with νh,max. The programmes were: training group 1 (TG 1,n = 8) -karate students, dynamic heavy progressive resistance exercise (incline situp and incline bench press) + punch bag exercise; training group 2 (TG 2,n = 8) - karate students, punch bag training; training group 3 (TG 3,n = 5) - no karate experience, dynamic heavy progressive resistance exercise (as in TG 1). The movement variables were calculated from chrono-cyclo photographic recordings of the punches (100 Hz). The level of significance was set at 5%. Sixteen weeks of training gave the following results: significant increases in dynamic strength in all the training groups (14%–53%). In TG 1 the νh, max increased significantly from 8.49 m·s−1, SD 1.19 to 9.35 m·s−1, SD 1.29 (10%); νs,max increased significantly in TG 1 by 32% (2.18 m·s−1, SD 0.56 to 2.87 m·s−1, SD 0.98) and in TG 2 by 14% (2.40 m·s−1, SD 0.61 to 2.74 m·s−1, SD 0.52), and in TG 3 $$\left( {\dot \Theta _E } \right)$$ at νh, max increased significantly from 28.6 rad · s−1, SD 4.3 to 32.2 rad·s−1, SD 4.5 (13%). No significant relationships between the changes in maximal muscle strength and the changes in movement speed were found. The significant changes in νh and νs among the karate trained subjects (TG 1 and TG 2) are ascribed to a change in the kinematics of the segmental motions induced by the karate training, to a movement pattern that takes advantage of the potentiating effect of a stretch-shortening cycle on muscle power output in flexor muscles of the shoulder and the extensor muscles of the elbow.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1435-0130
    Keywords: Key words Keratinocytes ; Fibrin glue ; Cell delivery system ; Wound healing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  To circumvent well-known drawbacks inherent in cultured epidermal sheet grafts, a new keratinocyte delivery system was experimently investigated. Human subconfluent keratinocytes were labeled with fluorescence cell linker and cultured in two brands of fibrin glue (TissucolR and BeriplastR) in vitro for 5 days. Keratinocyte fibrin glue suspensions were grafted onto full thickness wounds in athymic nude mice for macroscopic and microscopic investigation. Keratinocytes survived in both fibrin glues in vitro for at least 5 days. When grafted onto wounds, cells maintained a high proliferation potential and at 5 days formed small masses or well-organised cell clusters within the fibrin network. After 7 days new epithelia enlarged and became thicker with high keratinization and occasional downward projections. At 10 days, wounds in both fibrin groups were totally epitheliazied but only partially in the control group. Anti-involucrin and anti-laminin immunostainings indicated well-differentiated new epithelium derived from human keratinocytes and early reorganised basement membrane. The fibrin glues seem not only to deliver highly proliferative keratinocytes easily and effectively, but also provide an optimal milieu for their migration, proliferation and differentiation.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of plastic surgery 23 (2000), S. 391-394 
    ISSN: 1435-0130
    Keywords: Key words Alloplastic implant ; Craniofacial reconstruction ; Proplast II
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Alloplastic materials are a valid alternative to autologous bone grafts in contour defects of the facial skeleton. Biomaterials also reduce donor site morbidity. In addition, alloplastic materials can be contoured exactly as needed. Computed tomography (CT) scan digital data can be computed into three-dimensional data for 1:1 stereolithographic reconstruction of the complete skull or segments as required. The design of an implant for defect reconstruction may even be computed as a mirror image of the unaffected undeformed side. Therefore it is common to perform phantom operations on stereolithographically built models from the patient’s head before a complex reconstruction is done. Proplast II has an advantage over other materials, such as hydroxyapatite, titanum, gold, silicone, and polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA), because of the low weight, the fact that the material can be carved with a sharp scalpel, and the possible integration into fibrous and bone tissue. Proplast II is semirigid and can easily be sutured to the bony defect.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of plastic surgery 23 (2000), S. 444-446 
    ISSN: 1435-0130
    Keywords: Keywords Posterior interosseous artery ; Abnormal anatomy ; Angiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The distally based posterior interosseous artery flap is routinely used for covering soft tissue defects on the hand. However problems in dissecting the flap can arise due to an inconstant vascular anatomy. A case is described where it was not possible to employ a distally based posterior interosseous artery flap because of the absence of the posterior interosseous vascular axis and an unusually high bifurcation of the brachial artery. The preoperative Doppler investigation showed only a positive retrograde blood flow in the area of the distal anastomosis to the anterior interosseous artery. After the arteriogram, the defect was finally closed with a free lateral arm flap. The authors point out that a complete Doppler investigation by a skilled investigator is necessary to detect unexpected vascular variations and to accurately indicate the patients on whom one should perform a preoperative angiogram.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1435-0130
    Keywords: Key words Membrane cell grafts (MCG) ; Cryopreservation ; Transplantation ; Wound healing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Biobrane, an adherent, flexible temporary wound dressing was incubated with cultured human keratinocytes. The cells adhered quickly, forming ”membrane-cell-grafts” (MCG). Some of the grafts were frozen and, after thawing, viability was verified with an XTT colorimetric assay. MCGs, fresh and cryopreserved, were transplanted on full thickness wounds created on athymic nude mice and resulted in a differentiated epithelium of human phenotype. For further investigation immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and electronmicroscopy were performed. Conventional cultured epidermal grafts (CEG) and wounds without cell grafts served as control. Compared with CEG-grafted sites a reduced wound contraction was noticed and complete remodelling of the basement membrane zone was found. The effectiveness of the easy, uncomplicated production, cryopreservation and use, as well as the short culture period could lead to a new approach in the treatment of burns and chronic wounds.
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