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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats ; Arteriolar fibrinoid necrosis ; Smooth muscle cell proliferation ; Malignant hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A light-microscopic study of various organs of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHRSP) rats was performed. The rats characteristically developed fibrinoid necrosis of the wall and marked cellular thickening of the intima and media of the arterioles and small arteries of the kidney, testicle, mesentery, adrenal gland, brain, etc. Parenchymal damage of the organs, secondary to the vascular alterations took place. There were no accumulations of lipids in the vascular lesions. Though stroke has been stressed as a characteristic clinical feature of the SHRSP rats, the cerebral lesions are different from those seen in ordinary cerebrovascular disease. Furthermore, many organs are involved. The overall vascular changes in the brain and other organs are consistent with those seen in malignant hypertension; the SHRSP rat is an excellent model of this disease.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Fibrinoid arteriolar necrosis ; Microinfarct ; Edema ; Tissue degeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relationship of the vascular changes to the cerebral lesions has been studied using serial sections of the brains from five cases of the strokeprone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Infraction was observed in a form of microinfarct related to single or plural occluded arterioles in the brain and subarachnoid space. Though most arterioles with fibrinoid necrosis of the wall were occluded with thrombus, infarct, which was obviously related to the occluded arterioles, was verified only in a few occasions. It was proved that infarction did not develop in all the areas irrigated by the occluded arterioles, and the regional circulation was assumed to have been maintained by the collateral circulation. There was rarefaction of the neuropil with preservation of the neurons in the cortex around the vascular changes, such as fibrinoid necrosis of the wall. Widespread rarefaction and cyst formation were observed in the subjacent white matter, which were more marked in the vicinity of the vascular changes in the cortex. These histological changes were interpreted to be the tissue degeneration secondary to edema.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 282 (1990), S. 253-257 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Langerhans cells ; Ia antigen ; Lectins ; Subpopulation ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lectin-binding profiles of epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) were investigated in three strains of mice using immunofluorescence procedures. Three lectin-binding profiles were observed in each strain of mice. Most epidermal LCs reacted with concanavalin A (Con A) and Ricinus communis agglutinin 1 (RCA-1), whereas none reacted with Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA). Peanut agglutinin (PNA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) reacted with some of the epidermal LCs. These binding profiles were similar from site to site of the body in all strains of mice. We also investigated the lectin-binding profiles of epidermal Ia positive (Ia+) cells migrating into the grafted skin up to 165 days after transplantation. BALB/c (H-2d) murine skin was grafted onto the back of (C3H/He×BALB/c)F1 (H-2k×H-2d) mice. The percentages of migrating I-A+ epidermal cells reactive with PNA and WGA were different from those of the normal epidermis soon after grafting and reached a normal level at 43 days after grafting. Our results demonstrated that there is a heterogeneous population of epidermal LCs defined by lectin-binding profiles.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 282 (1990), S. 415-417 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Interferon-γ ; Tumour necrosis factor-α ; Ia antigen ; Keratinocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Vitamin D3 ; OCT ; Cytokines ; Nuclear factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Topical vitamin D3 has relatively recently been introduced for the treatment of psoriasis. Synthetic vitamin D3 analogues with a high potential for inducing differentiation of cells, but with a low hypercalcemic effect have recently been developed. One such synthetic analogue of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol), 22-oxacalcitriol (OCT), is a novel agent for the topical treatment of psoriasis. The activity of OCT in vitro was investigated and compared with that of a series of vitamin D3 analogues as to their ability to inhibit murine T lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by con-A, to suppress IL-6 and IL-8 production by keratinocytes stimulated with IL-1α and TNFα, and to inhibit AP-1- and NFκB-dependent reporter gene expression. OCT inhibited the proliferation of lymphocytes and suppressed IL-8 and IL-6 production by keratinocytes to the same extent as the other vitamin D3 analogues. It also inhibited AP-1- and NFκB-controlled luciferase activity to the same extent as the other vitamin D3 analogues, which demonstrates its mechanism of action in the suppression of inflammatory processes.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 287 (1995), S. 439-442 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Systemic sclerosis ; Endothelin ; Thrombomodulin ; Raynaud's disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Endothelin is a novel potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced mainly by endothelial cells. Thrombomodulin is a high-affinity thrombin receptor on vascular endothelial cells that plays an important role as a natural anticoagulant. In this study, we measured plasma levels of endothelin and thrombomodulin in patients with systemic sclerosis or Raynaud's disease. Plasma levels of endothelin and the ratio of thrombomodulin to creatinine were significantly increased in patients with systemic sclerosis compared with normal controls, and there was a positive correlation between these two indicators (r=0.615, P=0.004). Moreover, plasma levels of endothelin were significantly higher in patients with diffuse systemic sclerosis than in patients with limited systemic sclerosis. In contrast, plasma levels of endothelin in patients with Raynaud's disease were not significantly increased. These results suggest that increased plasma levels of endothelin and thrombomodulin may reflect microvascular damage in systemic sclerosis.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 30 (1980), S. 183-189 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Proteoglycans ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Epiphyseal cartilage ; Congenital limb defect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Proteoglycans were extracted with 4 M guanidine HC1 solution containing protease inhibitors from various zones of human epiphyseal cartilages of the normally ossifying fibula and cartilaginous rudiment of the tibia of a 12-month-old boy with congenital absence of the tibia, when the knee disarticulation was performed. All the proteoglycan preparations from the epiphyseal cartilages were separated with a sucrose density gradient centrifugation into two components; a heavy, major component and a light one. The molecular size and the proportion of isomeric chondroitin sulfates of polysaccharides of the heavy component differed from those of the light one. The relative amounts of isomeric chondroitin sulfates in the polysaccharide moieties of the components also varied among these zones. The glycosaminoglycan content in the rudimentary tibia was equal to that of the epiphyseal cartilage of the fibula. However, proteoglycan preparations showed neither the normal sedimentation profile with two peaks nor the zonal differences as to the proportion of isomeric chondroitin sulfates. These results suggest that the alterations in proteoglycan metabolism might be involved in the pathogenetic mechanisms producing the congenital limb defect.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 23 (1977), S. 271-275 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Pseudarthrosis ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Dermatan sulfate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Light and electron microscopic studies on cells and matrices of congenital pseudarthrosis of the femur of a 5.5-year-old male revealed three areas with different morphological features; a fibrous area, a cartilaginous area and an osseous area. Glycosaminoglycans were isolated from each of the three areas and characterized by the degradation with chondroitinases. Although chondroitin sulfate was the major component in all regions, a significant amount of dermatan sulfate occurred in the fibrous area. A small amount of hyaluronic acid was found in both fibrous and osseous areas. These results suggest that the peculiar composition of glycosaminoglycans in the affected part may account for some clinical aspects of the disease which resists treatment.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Malignant hypertension ; CSF lactate ; CSF protein ; Intracranial pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 21 Patienten mit maligner Hypertonie, 19 mit benigner Hypertonie und 21 mit normalem Blutdruck wurden in Blut und Liquor die Lactat- und Pyruvatkonzentrationen sowie die Säure-Basen-Parameter gemessen. Die Werte für das Lactat bzw. für das Lactat-Pyruvat-Verhältnis im Liquor waren bei Patienten mit maligner Hypertonie signifikant höher (1,90±0,10 mM/1, 19,2±1,0) als bei den Patienten mit benigner Hypertonie (1,50±0,05 mM/1, 15,7±0,7) bzw. bei normotensiven Individuen (1,44±0,04 mM/1, 15,7±0,4). Es bestand eine lineare Korrelation zwischen den Lactatwerten und dem Druck im Liquor (r=0,565, P〈0,01), wobei dies außerdem korrelierte mit einem mittleren arteriellen Blutdruck von mehr als 150 mm Hg (r=0,553, P〈0,01). Diese Zunahme in den Säuremetaboliten im Liquor weist darauf hin, daß der Hirnstoffwechsel bei maligner Hypertonie in eine anaerobe Phase tritt, wahrscheinlich wegen des erhöhten intrakraniellen Druckes. Es wird auch die Möglichkeit einer erhöhten cerebralen Gefäßdurchlässigkeit als mitbeteiligter Mechanismus erwogen.
    Notes: Summary Lactate and pyruvate concentrations and acid-base parameters in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and arterial blood were measured in 21 patients with malignant hypertension (MHT), 19 with benign hypertension (BHT) and 21 normotensive subjects (NT). Average values for CSF lactate and lactate/pyruvate (L/P) ratio were significantly higher in MHT (1.90±10mM/1, 19.2±1.0) than in either BHT (1.50±0.05 mM/1, 15.7±0.7) or NT (1.44±0.04 mM/1, 15.7±0.4). There was a linear correlation between CSF lactate and CSF pressure (r=0.565, P〈0.01), and the latter was also related to mean arterial pressure exceeding 150 mm Hg (r=0.553, P〈0.01). Such increases in the acid metabolites in CSF indicate that brain metabolism becomes anaerobic in MHT, probably due to increased intracranial prssure. Increased cerebrovascular permeability is also discussed as participating in causal mechanisms.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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