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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CO2 reforming of methane over vanadia-promoted Rh/SiO2 catalysts (1999)
    Springer
    Topics in catalysis 8 (1999), S. 211-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9028
    Keywords: reforming ; methane ; carbon dioxide ; Rh/SiO2 ; vanadia-promoted Rh/SiO2 ; FTIR spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The reforming of methane with carbon dioxide over rhodium dispersed on silica, Rh/SiO2, and vanadia-promoted silica, Rh/VOx/SiO2, was studied by kinetic test reactions under differential conditions in a temperature range from 723 to 773 K. Transmission infrared spectroscopy was applied to observe the interaction of CO2 with the catalysts and the formation of surface intermediates during the CO2–CH4 reforming reaction. To analyze carbon deposition XP spectroscopy and TPO was carried out. It has been shown that the promotion of Rh/SiO2 catalysts with vanadium oxide enhances the catalytic activity for CO2 reforming of methane and decreases the deactivation by carbon deposition. This is attributed to the formation of a partial VOx overlayer on the Rh surface, which reduces the size of accessible ensembles of Rh atoms required for coke formation and creates new sites at the Rh–VOx interfacial region that are considered to be active sites for the activation/dissociation of carbon dioxide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019121429843
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    Climatic and societal impacts of a volcanic double event at the dawn of the Middle Ages (2016)
    Springer
    In:  Climatic Change, 136 (3-4). pp. 401-412.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-01
    Description: Volcanic activity in and around the year 536 CE led to severe cold and famine, and has been speculatively linked to large-scale societal crises around the globe. Using a coupled aerosol-climate model, with eruption parameters constrained by recently re-dated ice core records and historical observations of the aerosol cloud, we reconstruct the radiative forcing resulting from a sequence of two major volcanic eruptions in 536 and 540 CE. We estimate that the decadal-scale Northern Hemisphere (NH) extra-tropical radiative forcing from this volcanic “double event” was larger than that of any period in existing reconstructions of the last 1200 years. Earth system model simulations including the volcanic forcing show peak NH mean temperature anomalies reaching more than −2 °C, and show agreement with the limited number of available maximum latewood density temperature reconstructions. The simulations also produce decadal-scale anomalies of Arctic sea ice. The simulated cooling is interpreted in terms of probable impacts on agricultural production in Europe, and implies a high likelihood of multiple years of significant decreases in crop production across Scandinavia, supporting the theory of a connection between the 536 and 540 eruptions and evidence of societal crisis dated to the mid-6th century.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s10584-016-1648-7
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
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