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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 154 (1990), S. 504-509 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Streptomyces niveus ; Plasmid pSN2 ; Plasmid instability ; In vivo deletions ; Broad host range
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A plasmid designated pSN2 (molecular size 32.0 kb) was isolated from the wild type of Streptomyces niveus ATCC 19793. To permit phenotypic identification of pSN2 the 1.9 kb BclI fragment was replaced in vitro by the 1.1 kb BclI fragment of pIJ702 carrying the thiostrepton resistance (tsr) gene to form the plasmid pSN3. pSN3 transforms S. lividans to thiostrepton resistance at high frequency and is stably maintained. However, when used to transform S. niveus pSN3 was unstable and produced a 5.5 kb thiostrepton resistant deletion derivative pLG5. pLG5 is also stable and expresses thiostrepton resistance in S. lividans but on transformation of S. niveus was unstable and produced a further thiostrepton resistant derivative, pLG10, of 6.5 kb. pLG5 and pLG10 like pSN3 transform S. lividans at high frequency and produce pocks. DNA hybridizations with a probe derived from pLG5 confirm that pLG5 is derived from DNA sequences present on pSN2 and pSN3.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 200 (1985), S. 451-457 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Extracts derived from E. coli cells infected non-permissively with phage T1 amber mutants were used in an in vitro system to investigate the packaging of T1 DNA into phage heads. The standard extract used infections with amber mutants in genes 1 and 2 (g1-g2-) which are defective in T1 DNA synthesis but can synthesis the proteins required for particle morphogenesis. g1-g2- extracts packaged T1+ virion DNA molecules with an efficiency of 3×105 pfu/μg DNA. Extracts from cells infected with phage also defective in DNA synthesis but carrying additional mutations in genes 3.5 or 4 which are required for concatemer formation in vivo (g1-g3.5- and g1-g4- extracts) package T1 virion DNA at substantially lower efficiencies. Analysis of the DNA products from these in vitro reaction showed that concatemeric DNA is formed very efficiently by g1-g2- extracts but not by g1-g3.5- or g1-g4- extracts. These results are interpreted as evidence that the T1 in vitro DNA packaging system primarily operates in a similar manner to the in vivo headful mechanism. This is achieved in vitro by the highly efficient conversion of T1 virion DNA into concatemers which are then packaged with a much lower efficiency into heads to form infectious particles. A secondary pathway for packaging T1 DNA into heads and unrelated to the headful mechanism may also exist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 208 (1987), S. 288-293 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Tellurium resistance ; Inducible ; Plasmid ; Escherichia coli
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A large (〉250 kb) conjugative plasmid, pMER610, specifying resistance to tellurium and mercury was isolated from an Alcaligenes strain and transferred by conjugation to Escherichia coli AB1157. The acquisition of pMER610 by AB1157 increased the resistance to both tellurite and tellurate by 100-fold. Expression of tellurite resistance by pMER610 and the cloned Ter determinant was inducible by prior exposure to tellurite at levels sub-toxic to the sesitive AB1157. Physical analysis of the cloned Ter fragment located the resistance determinant to a 3.55 kb region. Insertion of Tn 1000 (γδ) into this region produced two classes of sensitive mutations, fully sensitive and intermediate or hyposensitive, which map in adjacent regions and form two complementation groups. Maxicell analysis identified four polypeptides (15.5, 22, 23 and 41 kDa) expressed by the Ter clone. The 23 kDa polypeptide may not be required for resistance since tellurium-sensitive γδ insertion mutations were not detected in the 23 kDa coding region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 243 (1994), S. 593-599 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Streptomyces hygroscopicus ; Geldanamycin biosynthesis ; Ansamycins ; Polyketide antibiotics ; Insertional mutagenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A gene library constructed from large (∼20 kb) fragments of total DNA from the geldananmycin-producing strain Streptomyces hygroscopicus 3602 cloned in the plasmid vector pIJ61 were used to transform S. lividans TK24. Three transformants of about 800 tested were found to have acquired the ability to produce an antibiotic lethal to a geldanamycin-sensitive strain of Bacillus subtilis. The plasmids isolated from these transformants, pIA101, pIA102 and pIA103, each contained an insert of ∼15 kb. A 4.5 kb DNA fragment from the insert in pIA102 hybridised to DNA from S. hygroscopicus 3602 and to DNA encoding part of the erythromycin polyketide synthase but not to S. lividans TK24 DNA. The integration-defective phage vector ϕC31 KC515 containing this 4.5 kb fragment was able to lysogenise S. hygroscopicus 3602 to produce lysogens defective in geldanamycin production. Loss of the prophage restored the ability to produce geldanamycin. Extracts of fermentation broth cultures of S. lividans containing pIA101, pIA102 and pIA102 and pIA103 analysed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) contained compounds identical or very similar to purified geldanamycin, which were not present in S. lividans. These compounds showed a mass spectrum indistinguishable from geldanamycin. The evidence suggests that the clones contain DNA sequences encoding functions required for geldanamycin biosynthesis including components of the polyketide synthase.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 228 (1991), S. 294-299 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Pseudomonas ; Mercury resistance ; incJ plasmids ; R391 ; pMERPH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary HgCl2 resistance (Hgr) in a strain of Pseudomonas putrefaciens isolated from the River Mersey was identified as plasmid-borne by its transfer to Escherichia coli in conjugative matings. This plasmid, pMERPH, could not be isolated and was incompatible with the chromosomally integrated IncJ Hgr plasmid R391. pMERPH and R391 both express inducible, narrow-spectrum mercury resistance and detoxify HgCl2 by volatilization. The cloned mer determinants from pMERPH (pSP100) and R391 (pSP200) have very similar restriction maps and express identical polypeptide products. However, these features show distinct differences from those of the Tn501 family of mer determinants. pSP100 and pSP200 failed to hybridize at moderate stringency to merRTPA and merC probes from Tn501 and Tn21, respectively. We conclude that the IncJ mer determinants are only distantly related to that from Tn501 and its closely homologous relatives and that it identifies a novel sequence which is relatively rare in bacteria isolated from natural environments.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 241 (1993), S. 203-212 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Telluriur resistence ; Constitutive transcription pMER610 ; Mini Mu-lac fusions ; Northern blotting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The transpositional phage MudI 1734 lacZ was used to construct transcriptional fusions within the plasmid pMJ611, which contains the cloned tellurite resistance (TeR) determinant of the IncHI-2 plasmid pMER610. A series of 70 MudI insertions, in both orientations, causing loss of tellurite resistance in pMJ611, mapped within a 4.3 kb region which included the genes terA-terD and a 0.4 kb region upstream of the site previously reported as the 5′ limit of the TeR determinant. Expression of β-galactosidase from these transcriptional fusions, including those involving the 5′ upstream region, occurred only from inserts transcribed in the direction terA-terD, confirming the transcriptional orientation of the TeR determinant deduced from DNA sequence analysis. Sixteen of the tellurite-sensitive MudI fusions, distributed over the entire determinant and in both orientations, showed the same pattern of expression when transferred by conjugation and homologous recombination to pMER610, except that the β-galactosidase levels were consistently 2- to 3-fold higher in the parent plasmid. Northern analysis with a DNA probe spanning the TeR determinant identified five transcripts of 4.8, 4.0, 2.7, 1.5 and 1.0 kb synthesised by pMER610. Further hybridisations with DNA probes defining sub-sections of the TeR determinant, together with DNA sequence analysis, suggested the presence of three transcriptional start sites, at approximately 0.9 and 0.1 kb upstream of terA, and near the junction between terC and terD. Three transcriptional termination sites, located within terA, near the terC-terD junction and at the 3′ end of terE are also indicated. Both the expression of β-galactosidase from the MudI fusions and the synthesis of ter gene transcripts are constitutive and were not affected by prior exposure of cultures to sub-toxic levels of tellurite. Further DNA sequence analysis reveals that the extensive homology between terD and terE extends to a section of terA.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 14 (1993), S. 1237-1249 
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Keywords: Plasmon ; 2DEG ; Lateral Drift ; Grating
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report experimental measurements and computer calculations of the plasmon resonances of two dimensional electron gases in the far-infrared which show the effects of laterally drifting the 2DEG. Coupling to radiation is achieved using an overlaid metal grating of submicron period, and its periodic screening effect splits the plasmon into upper and lower energy modes. For a symmetric grating profile the higher energy mode is non-radiative for a stationary 2DEG and a splitting is not observable, but when the 2DEG is laterally drifted under the grating, coupling to both modes can occur, and their Doppler shifts produce an observable splitting which increases with drift velocity. These Doppler shifts are not linear with drift velocity for low velocities, but approach asymptotically the expected linear shift with increasing drift velocity. Experimental results on 2DEGs at GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunctions compare well with theoretical calculations.
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