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  • 1
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The charged hyperon beam at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) has been used to collect data on semileptonic decays ofΣ −,Ξ − andΛ. A magnetic channel selects 100 GeV/c negatively charged particles produced in the forward direction by interaction of the 200 GeV/c SPS proton beam on a BeO target. TheΣ − andΞ − hyperons are concurrently identified in a DISC Čerenkov counter, and their decay products are analysed by a magnetic spectrometer. Electron-hadron discrimination is achieved by the combined use of lead-glass and lead/scintillator counters, transition radiation detectors, and a Čerenkov counter. In this article we report results on the $$\Sigma ^ - \to \Lambda e^ - \bar v$$ decay mode. Measurements of the Λ polarization and of the centre-of-mass distributions (baryon kinetic energy, electron-neutrino correlation, and Dalitz plot distributions) yield the vector to axialvector form factor ratiof 1/g 1=+0.034±0.080, in agreement with the value expected from the conserved vector current hypothesis (f 1/g 1=0). TheΣ −→Λe − v→ branching ratio measurement gives a value of (5.41±0.30)×10−5. The effects of radiative corrections are not included in these results. They are discussed in the text. Results on the otherΞ −,Σ −, andΛ semileptonic decays are reported in separate articles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Results on five different hyperon semileptonic decays from the WA2 experiment, performed in the CERN SPS charged hyperon beam, have been analysed within the framework of the Cabibbo model. For the first time, the inconsistencies, which inevitably occur when the results from different experiments are combined, have been avoided in these comprehensive fits to high statistics data from a single hyperon decay experiment. Excellent agreement with the basic Cabibbo model has been obtained using the WA2 data either alone or together with neutron lifetime measurements. These results contrast strongly with other recent Cabibbo analyses which have indicated the presence ofSU(3) breaking effects. Including radiative corrections we have obtained the results,F=0.477±0.012,D=0.756±0.011 and sinθ c =0.231±0.003. The ratio (D/D+F) is 0.613±0.009, which is close to theSU(6) prediction of 3/5. Using additional information onft values for superallowed nuclear Fermi transitions, an upper limit on the mixing parameter sinθ3 in the Kobayashi-Maskawa six quark scheme has been obtained: |sinθ3|〈0.20.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 364 (1999), S. 191-202 
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Interpretation of environmental behavior of uranium is based on several steps of data analysis and statistical inference. First step is sampling and analyzing of uranium in field samples by routine laboratory methods. Such methods have to fulfill multiple requirements like robustness, efficiency, low detection limit and precision. A comparison of different approaches in assigning uncertainty to experimentally obtained analytical data shows that classical error estimation is not significantly inferior to more sophisticated modern techniques like inverse regression or orthogonal regression. A second step is the correlation of analytical data with current state of insight into environmental behavior of uranium. Such a correlation furthers the choice of adequate geochemical models and quality of geochemical data base for subsequent detailed analysis, e.g. by geochemical modeling. An appraisal of the individual steps in this complex analysis is given on the basis of statistical procedures for calibration and an EH-pH diagram of uranium for atmospheric conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Measurements of the production inp-BeO collisions of charged baryons and antibaryons with strangeness between −3 and +3 at $$\sqrt s = 21.2GeV$$ x=0.48, andp T =600MeV/c are reported. The experimental results can be interpreted within the framework of a simple proton fragmentation-recombination model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrogeology journal 7 (1999), S. 423-430 
    ISSN: 1435-0157
    Keywords: Key words reactive transport modeling ; uranium migration ; groundwater pollution ; Germany
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La protection des eaux souterraines et la restauration des sites miniers et de prétraitement d'uranium abandonnés nécessitent de connaître le comportement des radionucléides au cours de leur transport dans les eaux souterraines. La dispersion, la diffusion, le mélange, la recharge de l'aquifère et les interactions chimiques, de même que la décroissance radioactive, doivent être prises en compte pour obtenir des prédictions fiables concernant le transport des nucléides primaires dans les eaux souterraines. Ce papier montre la nécessité d'établir des stratégies de réhabilitation avant la fermeture de la mine d'uranium de Knigstein, près de Dresde (Allemagne). Des expériences de lessivage en colonne sur des carottes avec de l'eau enrichie en uranium fournissent des données sur le comportement de l'échange de l'uranium. La restitution de l'uranium a été observée après un lessivage par un volume supérieur à 20 fois celui des pores. Ce fort retard est dûà l'échange d'ions uranium positifs. Le code TReAC est un code de transport réactif en 1D, 2D et 3D, qui a été modifié pour prendre en compte la décroissance radioactive de l'uranium et les principaux nucléides descendants, et pour introduire l'écoulement dans un milieu à double porosité. TReAC a simulé de façon satisfaisante les courbes de restitution des expériences sur colonne et a fourni une première approche des paramètres de l'échange. L'écoulement souterrain dans la région de la mine de Knigstein a été simulé au moyen du code FLOWPATH. Le comportement du transport réactif a été simulé avec TReAC en une dimension, le long d'un axe d'écoulement long de 6000 m. Les résultats montrent que la migration de l'uranium est relativement lente ; mais du fait de la décroissance radioactive de l'uranium, la concentration en radium le long de cet axe augmente. Les résultats sont très sensibles à l'influence de l'écoulement en milieu à double porosité.
    Notes: Abstract  Knowledge of the transport behavior of radionuclides in groundwater is needed for both groundwater protection and remediation of abandoned uranium mines and milling sites. Dispersion, diffusion, mixing, recharge to the aquifer, and chemical interactions, as well as radioactive decay, should be taken into account to obtain reliable predictions on transport of primordial nuclides in groundwater. This paper demonstrates the need for carrying out rehabilitation strategies before closure of the Königstein in-situ leaching uranium mine near Dresden, Germany. Column experiments on drilling cores with uranium-enriched tap water provided data about the exchange behavior of uranium. Uranium breakthrough was observed after more than 20 pore volumes. This strong retardation is due to the exchange of positively charged uranium ions. The code TReAC is a 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D reactive transport code that was modified to take into account the radioactive decay of uranium and the most important daughter nuclides, and to include double-porosity flow. TReAC satisfactorily simulated the breakthrough curves of the column experiments and provided a first approximation of exchange parameters. Groundwater flow in the region of the Königstein mine was simulated using the FLOWPATH code. Reactive transport behavior was simulated with TReAC in one dimension along a 6000-m path line. Results show that uranium migration is relatively slow, but that due to decay of uranium, the concentration of radium along the flow path increases. Results are highly sensitive to the influence of double-porosity flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The charged hyperon beam at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) has been used to collect data on semileptonic decays of Σ−, Ξ−, and Λ. In this article we report results on the $$\sum \to ne\bar v$$ decay mode. A magnetic channel selected 100 GeV/c (130 GeV/c) negatively charged particles produced in the forward direction by interaction of the 210 GeV/c (240 GeV/c) SPS proton beam on a BeO target. The Σ− hyperons were identified in a DISC Čerenkov counter, and the negatively charged decay particle was analysed by a magnetic spectrometer. The neutron direction was obtained from the Σ− decay vertex and from the impact point measured in a neutron detector. Electron-hadron discrimination was achieved by the combined use of lead-glass and transition radiation detectors. The $$\sum \to ne\bar v$$ branching ratio measurement gave a value of (0.96±0.05) ×10−3. Measurements of the centre-of-mass distributions (baryon kinetic energy, electron-antineutrino correlation, and Dalitz plot distributions) yield the axial-vector to vector form factor ratio |g 1/f 1|=0.34 ±0.05. From the study of the electron momentum spectrum, the negative sign ofg 1/f 1, which is expected within the Cabibbo theory framework, is favoured by at least 2.6 standard deviations. The effects ofq 2-dependence off 1 andg 1 and of radiative corrections, the measurement of the weak magnetism form factorf 2, and the effect of possible second-class current terms are discussed. Results on the other Ξ−, Σ−, and Λ semileptonic decays are reported in separate articles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The charged hyperon beam at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) has been used to collect data on semileptonic decays of Σ−, Ξ−, andΛ. A magnetic channel selected 100 GeV/c negatively charged particles produced in the forward direction by interaction of a 210 GeV/c proton beam on a BeO target. The Σ− and Ξ− hyperons were concurrently identified in a DISC Čerenkov counter, and their decay products were analysed by a magnetic spectrometer. Electron-hadron discrimination was achieved by the combined use of lead glass and lead/scintillator counters, transition radiation detectors, and a Čerenkov counter. In this article we report results on the $$\Xi \to \Lambda \pi (\Lambda \to pe\bar v), \Xi \to \Lambda e\bar v(\Lambda \to p\pi ),$$ and $$\Xi \to \sum ^0 e\bar v(\sum ^0 \to \Lambda \gamma ) (\Lambda \to p\pi )$$ decay modes. Samples of 7,111 $$\Lambda \to pe\bar v, 2,608 \Xi \to \Lambda e\bar v$$ , and $$154 \Xi \to \Sigma ^0 e\bar v$$ were used in our analysis. The branching ratio measurements gave values of (8.57±0.36)×10−4, (5.64±0.31)×10−4, and (0.87±0.17)×10−4 for $$\Lambda \to pe\bar v, \Xi \to \Lambda e\bar v$$ , and $$ \Xi \to \sum ^0 e\bar v$$ , respectively. Measurements of the Λ polarization and of the centre-of-mass distributions yield the axial vector to vector form factor ratio,g 1/f 1=+0.70±0.03 for $$\Lambda \to pe\bar v$$ , andg 1/f 1=+0.25±0.05 for $$\Xi \to \Lambda e\bar v$$ . The effects ofq 2-dependence off 1 andg 1 and of radiative corrections, the measurement of the weak magnetism termf 2, and the effect of possible second-class current terms are discussed. Results on the $$\sum \to \Lambda e\bar v$$ and $$\sum \to ne\bar v$$ decay modes are reported in separate articles.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    GeoJournal 10 (1985), S. 418-418 
    ISSN: 1572-9893
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 124 (2000), S. 371-410 
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: brine spill ; environmental impact ; Geothermal field ; Los Azufres ; Mexico ; surface contamination ; trace elements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Monitoring of surface water and shallow aquifers inside and outside of the Los Azufres geothermal fieldduring the period November 1994 to May 1996 led to thedetection of some contamination of surface water andshallow aquifers due to exploitation of the deepbrines. Leaking of evaporation ponds and pipelines,occasionally overflowing of reinjection wells and pondrims as well as outflowing of brines duringrehabilitation or drilling operations, are potentialcontamination sources within the cycle of geothermalproduction.Temporarily and/or permanently increased traceelements concentrations, especially Fe, Mn, F, B, andAs in surface waters within the geothermal field aswell as up to 10 km outside, were observed. Maximumvalues of 125 and 8 mg L-1 were observed for B and As,respectively. The discharge of hypersaline geothermalbrines also causes salinization of surrounding soils.It occasionally happens that cattle drink from thebrines. The use of the river for irrigation anddrinking water supply in the surrounding regions maycause accumulation of toxic elements in the human foodchain or may endanger the public health.The establishment of a closed geothermal productioncycle can be achieved by simple remediationtechniques, such as sealing of the pond walls, removalof overflow channels, direct reinjection without anyreposal time in evaporation ponds, as well as animproved security and control system.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The coprecipitation of U (VI) with iron corrosion products from aqueous solutions by zero valent iron was investigated. The evidence of coprecipitation was demonstrated by conducting experiments with well characterized scrap iron,pyrite and a mixture of both materials with experimental durations of up to four months. Results indicate that under anoxic conditions only less than one tenth of the immobilized U(VI) was associated with the surface of scrap iron, whereas theremaining amount is entrapped in aging corrosion products.
    Keywords: 551
    Language: English
    Type: anthologyArticle , acceptedVersion
    Format: 577-586
    Format: application/pdf
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