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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A theory on the ancestry of angiosperms (1960)
    Springer
    Acta biotheoretica 13 (1960), S. 185-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8358
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary By inferences from fossil records and circumstantial evidences, it is now generally postulated that angiosperms have a much longer history than hitherto believed and that they have already existed probably in Jurassic time. Studies in vascular tissues and reproductive, structures have negated the possibility of originating angiosperms from various gymnosperm groups. Chronologically, this derivation will be also an impossibility. From a consideration of various aspects in the life history of angiosperms, a hypothesis is here presented postulating that protangiosperms originated in an aquatic or subaquatic environment from an algal ancestry. The enclosure of ovules in the ovary is interpretated as a means of protection necessitated for the transmigration from an aquatic to an aerial habitat for the developing reproductive parts in the bud underwater. Trimery is suggested as a primitive condition, one that affords maximum efficiency in carrying out the purpose under the conditions. In the life history of angiosperms, the endosperm is of great significance in phylogeny. From morphological, physiological, cytological as well as genetical considerations, the endosperm should be regarded as of equal status with the gametophytic and sporophytic generations. There is no comparable structure in the gymnosperm groups and the ferns and “fern-allies”, while more or less similar conditions are present in the thallophytes. In the long life histories of many red algae, however, there is an especially notable resemblance to angiosperms, with certain details approaching the unique and characteristic features of the endosperms. Land plants are presumably all evolved from aquatic ancestors but instead of the usual concept of a monophyletic origin and lineal development of all vascular plants, a more plausible suggestion is the multiple and recurrent derivation of such plants from various algal ancestral groups. The angiosperms probably represent one of such major lines that originated more or less directly from a thallophytic ancestry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01602004
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared Imaging Solar Spectrograph At Purple Mountain Observatory (1999)
    Springer
    Solar physics 185 (1999), S. 69-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Since 1986, we have made some improvements to the multichannel solar spectrograph at Purple Mountain Observatory (PMO) step by step, and now we have developed and added to it a multichannel infrared imaging solar spectrograph. The original spectrograph can be used to observe simultaneously solar activity at 9 wave bands including Ca ii H and K line, Mg i b line, He i D3 line and Hα through H∞. The newly developed infrared imaging spectrograph can work in three wavelengths, i.e., He i 10830 Å, Ca ii 8542 Å, and Hα. We replaced plates in the original system with CCDs and placed an image reducer before each CCD in order to match the CCD pixel size. The dispersions for He i 10830 Å, Ca ii 8542 Å, and Hα of the new imaging solar spectrograph are 0.0693 Å, 0.0767 Å, and 0.0754 Å per CCD pixel respectively, and each vertical CCD pixel represents 0.34 arc sec of solar disk. We can obtain the line-center and off-band intensities of the three lines and the intensities of continua adjacent to these lines through the new instrument. We can also acquire velocity maps and line profiles. Therefore, it is specially suitable for two-dimensional (2D) spectroscopic observations of solar flares and active regions. We carry out scanning observation by rotating the second mirror of the coelostat system. In this paper, we introduce the improvements we made and the new imaging solar spectrograph. Some observation results are also presented in this article.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005113716503
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormal hemoglobins in the Silk Road region of China (1990)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 86 (1990), S. 231-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A review is presented of the occurrence of 24 abnormal hemoglobins (13 α-chain variants and 11 β-chain variants) in populations in the Silk Road area of Northwestern China. Most frequently occurring were Hb D-Punjab [β21(GH4)Glu→Gln] in Uygurs, Kazaks, and Khalkhas, Hb G-Taipei [β22(B4)Glu→Gly] in persons of the Han nationality, and Hb G-Coushatta [β22 (B4)Glu→Ala] in the Uygurs, Kazaks, Hans, and related nationalities. The data suggest that these variants likely originated in Central Asia, in the Han nationality of China, and in the minorities of northern China, respectively. Other variants occurred at considerably lower frequencies and were imported from other countries or arose as independent mutations. Two variants [Hb Tashikuergan or α19(AB1)Ala→Glu; Hb Tianshui or β39(C5) Gln→Arg] were observed for the first time. The data from this study of the many variants support the movements of various populations in this area, as reported in numerous historical documents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00197711
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of alpha-thalassemia of Southeast Asian deletion by polymerase chain reaction (1992)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 88 (1992), S. 245-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Alpha-thalassemia of Southeast Asian deletion (-- SEA/) is very common in Southeast Asia. Homozygosity of this genotype is the major cause of Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis in Taiwan. With polymerase chain reaction using three oligonucleotide primers bridging the common deletion breakpoint, a DNA fragment of 194 basepairs (bp) was amplified in chromosomes with the-- SEA determinant and a DNA fragment of 287 bp was amplified in chromosomes without this deletion. In our pilot study including 8 normal subjects, 20 obligate carriers, and 11 homozygotes of the deletion, all the genotypes were determined and then confirmed by Southern blotting and DNA hybridization with φζ globin gene probe. For prenatal diagnosis, 55 at-risk pregnancies were collected. Chorionic villus sampling was done in 51 cases and early amniocentesis was done in 4 cases. Fourteen cases (25.5%) were diagnosed as normal, 25 (45.5%) as heterozygotes, and 16 (29%) as homozygotes of -- SEA. All of the diagnoses were also confirmed as aforementioned. With polymerase chain reaction, the determination of the -- SEA deletion is straightforward and is much quicker and easier than with conventional Southern blotting and DNA hybridization. In areas with a high prevalence of -- SEA deletion, this method provides a rapid tool for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00197254
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alpha-thalassemia in the four major aboriginal groups in Taiwan (1993)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 92 (1993), S. 79-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A total of 1309 unrelated blood samples from four major Taiwan aboriginal groups, including 522 of the Ami, 246 of the Bunun, 227 of the Atayal, and 214 of the Paiwan groups, were collected. Subjects with a mean corpuscular volume below 85 fl and Hb A2 values below 3.5% were further studied with Southern hybridization to determine the status of α-globin genes. In the Ami, 43 (4.1%) chromosomes had α-thalassemia 1 and 43 (4.1%) had α-thalassemia 2. Of the 43 α-thalassemia 1 chromosomes, 33 were of the Thailand, one of the Philippine, and nine of the Southeast Asian deletion. Of the 43 α-thalassemia 2 chromosomes, 42 were of the type I rightward deletion and one was of leftward deletion. In the Bunun group, one chromosome (0.2%) was of the Thailand deletion and two (0.4%) were of type I rightward deletion. In the Atayal group, only one chromosome (0.2%) was of the Philippine deletion. In the Paiwan group, four chromosomes (0.9%) were of the Southeast Asian deletion and three (0.7%) were of the Thailand deletion. Among the four groups, the Ami had the highest prevalence of α-thalassemia, which was also higher than that of the Chinese living in Taiwan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216149
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the determination of the melting point of semicrystalline polymer by DSC (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 46 (1996), S. 871-878 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: DSC ; melting point ; polyethylene ; Raman-active longitudinal acoustical mode ; semi-crystalline polymers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract This is a study for criteria to judge the melting point of semi-crystalline polymers from the DSC endotherm for polymer melting. Beyond standard indium DSC melting results an evaluation has been made on a series of polyethylenes for which crystal sizes were measured and predicted from Raman LAM analysis. The results confirm the conclusion of Prof. Wunderlich that the DSC content of melting is the proper basis of reporting melting points.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01983607
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combination chemotherapy with carmustine and cisplatin before, during, and after radiotherapy for adult malignant gliomas (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 25 (1995), S. 215-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: malignant glioma ; chemotherapy ; carmustine ; cisplatin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-two patients, aged 16 to 67, who had malignant gliomas after surgical resection were treated with carmustine and cisplatin intravenous infusion before, during, and after radiotherapy. All patients had subtotal or total resection, or biopsy as the initial procedure. Twenty-one patients who had at least 2 cycles of chemotherapy and finished the whole course of radiotherapy were considered to be evaluable for responses. Among them, 5 had glioblastoma multiforme, 16 had anaplastic astrocytoma. The median time to tumor progression was 35 weeks (range 12–130 weeks) and median survival time was 66 weeks (range 10–156 weeks). Early progression occurred more frequently in patients with biopsy only and subtotal resection, and in patients with glioblastoma than in those with anaplastic astrocytoma. This combined modality treatment program was associated with reversible hematologic toxicity which was severe in 2 patients, and with ototoxicity in 1 patient, nephrotoxicity in 2 patients. Combination of carmustine and cisplatin with cranial irradiation for malignant gliomas is moderately toxic and appears to offer no obvious survival advantage compared with radiation therapy plus BCNU alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01053154
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Little-Group Approach to Gauge Theory (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of theoretical physics 38 (1999), S. 1407-1414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9575
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Factor representations of the nonsemisimpleE(2)-like little group for massless particles are usedto construct free gauge theories for arbitrary spin,which explicitly solves the dichotomy between the unitary requirement and the appearance of gaugedegrees of freedom. This conceptually new approach mayhelp us understand the deep relation between gaugetheory and space-time symmetry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026632914237
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The design of quasi-optics power combiner of millimeter wave (1994)
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 15 (1994), S. 1555-1566 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Keywords: Quasi-optical cavity ; Guss-light beam ; Objective function ; Global optimi zation method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a theoretical method for design quasi-optics power combiner of solid-state millimeter — wave sources, and gives theory analysis to some problem concerned. Here is the structure: 1. Epitome of microwave power combiner. 2. Gauss light beam and the field distribution in the resonator. 3. The design of the resonator (1) Confocal resonator (2) Objective function (3) The global optimization method and the program flow chart. 4. Example 5. Reference
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02096096
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two millimeter solid-state source global optimum for quasi-optics power combiner (1993)
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 14 (1993), S. 91-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A global optimization method for discussing quasi-optical power combiner of solid-state millimeter-wave source is provided. The device we use operate at about 150 GHz and GaAs Gunn diodes are chosen here as active sources arranged in a planar matrix of N×N (N-3,5,..., 2k+1, where h is positive integer). The best array and the location of the active elements in the source-array plane which is the surface of one reflector we will discribe later can be given by global optimization, where the radio frequency power can reach sixfold to ninefold larger than the total sum of the individual diode power.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02274718
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