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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cysteine Residues and the Structure of the Rat Renal Proximal Tubular Type II Sodium Phosphate Cotransporter (Rat NaPi IIa) (2000)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 176 (2000), S. 133-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Key words: Phosphate transport — NaPi — Cysteine residues — TCEP — MTS-reagents — Disulfide bonds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract. The rat renal Na/P i cotransporter type IIa (rat NaPi IIa) is a 637 amino acid protein containing 12 cysteine residues. We examined the effect of different cysteine modifying methanethiosulfonate (MTS)-reagents and the disulfide bond reducing agent tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) on the transport activity of wild-type and 12 single cysteine substitution mutants of rat NaPi IIa expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. The transport activity of the wild-type protein was resistant to three membrane impermeant MTS-reagents (MTSEA, MTSET and MTSES). In contrast, membrane permeant methyl methanethiosulfonate (MMTS) and TCEP inhibited the transport activity of both the wild-type, as well as all the single mutant proteins. This indicated the existence of more than one functionally important cysteine residue, not accessible extracellularly, and at least 2 disulfide bridges. To identify the disulfide bridges, three double mutants lacking 2 of the 3 cysteine residues predicted to be extracellular in different combinations were examined. This led to the identification of one disulfide bridge between C306 and C334; reconsideration of the topological model predictions suggested a second disulfide bridge between C225 and C520. Evaluation of a fourth double mutant indicated that at least one of two disulfide bridges (C306 and C334; C225 and C520) has to be formed to allow the surface expression of a functional cotransporter. A revised secondary structure is proposed which includes two partially repeated motifs that are connected by disulfide bridges formed between cysteine pairs C306-C334 and C225-C520.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00232001082
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cleavage of Disulfide Bonds Leads to Inactivation and Degradation of the Type IIa, But not Type IIb Sodium Phosphate Cotransporter Expressed in Xenopus laevis Oocytes (2000)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 176 (2000), S. 143-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Key words: Phosphate transport —X. laevis oocytes — TCEP — Disulfide bonds — Degradation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract. Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) reduces (cleaves) disulfide bonds of the renal proximal tubule type IIa Na/Pi- cotransporter (rat NaPi IIa) and thereby inhibits its function. We tested the effect of TCEP on the murine type IIa Na/P i -cotransporter and the corresponding IIb intestinal isoform both expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. After incubation with TCEP the function of NaPi IIa was inhibited and protein amount was decreased. Injection of the lysosomal inhibitor leupeptin prevented degradation of the protein. Exposure of oocytes to TCEP at 0°C led to a reduction in transport function without concomitant loss in Na/Pi IIa protein. In contrast to NaPi type IIa, the type IIb isoform was neither inhibited, nor degraded after incubation with TCEP. These results suggest that cleavage of disulfide bonds led to changes within the confirmation of the type IIa transporter that result in (i) inhibition of the transport activity and (ii) internalization and subsequent lysosomal degradation of transporter protein. Sequence comparisons suggest the involvement/presence of different disulfide bonds in type IIa and type IIb Na/P i -cotransporters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00232001083
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-indigenous ascidians in southern California harbors and marinas (1998)
    Springer
    Marine biology 130 (1998), S. 675-688 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Southern California's many large harbors form an important coastal ecosystem, yet they are also a␣major destination for thousands of pleasure craft and cargo vessels that have often traveled great distances. Many groups of marine organisms, including ascidians, have now been documented as undergoing range extensions as a consequence of rapid ship-transport between distant harbors phenomenon. This has resulted in a rapid increase in the rate of introductions of non-indigenous species worldwide, yet these effects of boat traffic remain largely unstudied in southern California. Ascidians are sessile marine filter-feeders, hermaphroditic, and often self-fertilizing; many species are tolerant of a wide range of environmental conditions, can reach sexual maturity in just a few weeks, and have a long breeding season. This paper documents the arrival of 14␣non-indigenous species in southern California harbors␣during this century, 13 of which have persisted:␣four prior to the 1960s (Cionaintestinalis, Styelaclava, S.␣plicata, Botryllusschlosseri), another by 1972 (S.␣canopus, formerly S. partita), and 8 since 1983 [C.␣savignyi, Ascidia zara, Ascidia sp., Polyandrocarpa zorritensis, Symplegma brakenhielmi (formerly S. oceania, and S. reptans, Microcosmus squamiger, and Molgula␣manhattensis)]. We estimate the relative abundance and seasonal fluctuations of both non-indigenous and native ascidians in all harbors in southern California from San Diego to Santa Barbara based upon the historical record, our 35 yr of field notes, and our recent surveys carried out during fall 1994, spring and fall 1995, fall 1996 and spring 1997. Possible points of origin of the exotics and predictions on further U.S. Pacific coast range-extensions are included. The concomitant decline in numbers and species of native ascidians in the harbors of southern California during this century is also reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050289
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hashish: Synthesis of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a metabolite ofΔ 9-THC1 (1981)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 37 (1981), S. 931-932 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The synthesis of (±)-2′11-dihydroxy-Δ 9-THC, a difunctionalized metabolite ofΔ 9-THC, is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01971760
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Residence time of sulfur dioxide in the marine atmosphere (1975)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 113 (1975), S. 489-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary New measurements of SO2 and sulfate aerosol concentrations were obtained during April, 1974, in a series of observations made along the French Mediterranean coast, inland and at sea. By comparing the variations in the concentrations of these substances with variations in the concentrations of Radon 222 and Lead 212, which were measured concurrently, we have found that the residence time for SO2 in the Mediterranean marine atmosphere is approximately one-half day. This figure is an upper limit, valid for the calm weather conditions which prevailed during the observations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01592934
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulation of cranial vessels excites nociceptive neurones in several thalamic nuclei of the cat (1990)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 81 (1990), S. 552-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Superior sagittal sinus ; Middle meningeal artery ; Craniovascular ; Nociception ; Single units ; Thalamus ; Ventroposteromedial nucleus ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Extracellular recordings were made in the thalamus of cats anaesthetized with chloralose and urethane following electrical, mechanical and chemical stimulation of the superior sagittal sinus or middle meningeal artery. Facial receptive fields were looked for using electrical and mechanical stimuli. The locations of fifty-six cells were verified histologically. Twenty six cells were located in the ventroposteromedial nucleus (VPM) and six in its ventral periphery (VPMvp). All units in VPM had facial receptive fields, usually involving the first trigeminal division. Cells with nociceptive receptive fields or responding to the craniovascular application of bradykinin were often found in the periphery or “shell” region of VPM. Other craniovascular nociceptive cells were found in VPMvp, in the posterior group and in the intralaminar complex. This study shows that craniovascular afferents in the cat project to several thalamic nuclei and implicate VPM especially in craniovascular nociception.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02423504
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A preliminary double-blind study of intravenous nitroglycerin in acute myocardial infarction (1984)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 10 (1984), S. 179-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Nitro-glycerin ; Myocardial infarction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A preliminary double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effects of a 48-h intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin (NG) in 140 patients with acute myocardial infarction has been carried out. The patients were randomised to placebo or active treatment within 12 h of the onset of symptoms. Those patients treated with nitroglycerin showed a significant reduction on both days in systolic blood pressure, haemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volume. There was also a significant reduction in diamorphine usage in the first 24 h. There was a higher incidence (non-significant) of dysrhythmia in the placebo group despite an increased usage of antidysrhythmic therapy. The mortality rate in the placebo group was 13%, and 7.8% in the active treatment group, but this difference was not significant. At the 3-month followup, 83% of treated patients as opposed to 60% of placebo group were able to resume normal or nearnormal activities. Preliminary findings suggest that intravenous NG may be useful treatment for patients with acute myocardial infarction and a larger-scale trial is warranted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00259434
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der Zustand des Neugeborenen nach operativer vaginaler Entbindung in Abhängigkeit von der Indikation und dem Verlauf der Austreibungsperiode (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 224 (1977), S. 248-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00679542
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction between yohimbine alkaloids and amphetamine in mice (1977)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 51 (1977), S. 209-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Yohimbine ; Beta-yohimbine ; Corynanthine ; Amphetamine ; Toxicity in mice ; Drug interaction ; Anxiety
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The toxicity (LD50) of the isomers yohimbine, beta-yohimbine, and corynanthine was determined in mice. The LD50 of amphetamine in the presence of a constant dose of a yohimbine isomer and that of the isomer in the presence of a constant dose of amphetamine were determined in aggregated mice. Isobolograms were constructed from these data and used to evaluate the interaction of the yohimbine alkaloids and amphetamine. Beta-yohimbine was found to be approximately twice as toxic as yohimbine and corynanthine about one fifth as toxic. There was a mutual potentiation between the toxicities of yohimbine and amphetamine. Potentiation of the toxicity of amphetamine occurred with beta-yohimbine but the effect was not as marked as with yohimbine. In contrast, corynanthine antagonized the toxicity of amphetamine. The interaction between yohimbine and amphetamine is unlikely to be due to noradrenergic mechanisms but could conceivably involve serotonergic or dopaminergic mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431743
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The marine source of C2-C6 aliphatic hydrocarbons (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 6 (1988), S. 3-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Nonmethane hydrocarbons ; sea-air exchanges
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract C2-C6 Nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC) concentrations in the atmospheric boundary layer and in surface seawater were simultaneously measured during an oceanographic cruise in the intertropical Indian Ocean. NMHC were found to be mainly C2-C4 alkenes and C2-C3 alkanes. Their concentrations ranged from 1 to 30×10−9 l/l in the seawater and 0.1 to 15 ppbv in the atmosphere. Seawater appeared to be a source because the C2-C6 NMHC were supersaturated with respect to the atmosphere by 2 or 3 orders of magnitude. After a selection of the pure marine atmospheric samples, performed with the help of stable and radioactive continental tracers, we found an identical composition in NMHC of surface air and seawater. This observation enabled us to establish that the gas transfer between sea and air occurred according to nonsteady state processes, and that the fluxes cannot be deduced only from atmospheric measurements. An order of magnitude value of the oceanic source for the different NMHC is however derived from the comparison of their sea water concentrations to that of propane and an independent evluation of the marine source of this last compound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048328
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