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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peripheral neuropathy in mouse hereditary diabetes mellitus (1980)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 51 (1980), S. 145-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Diabetes ; Neuropathy ; Sensory ganglia ; Peripheral nerve ; Schwann cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary C57BL/KsJdb/db inbred mice have an hereditary autosomal recessive disease resembling in some respects maturity onset human diabetes mellitus. At 8–11 months of age, they displayed intermittent symptoms suggestive of a mild sensory neuropathy. These symptoms consisted of adduction of their hind limbs and flexing hind paws when raised by the tail, and inability to maintain their position on the roto wheel. Peripheral nerves and sensory ganglia of the diabetic mice were compared with those of the unafflicted littermates and studied with respect to Schwann cell counts and myclinated nerve fiber diameter measurements. In addition, teased fibers of peripheral nerves were compared for obvious changes in internodal distance and demyelination. Chromatolytic neurons were more abundant in lumbosacral spinal ganglia of diabetic mice than in corresponding ganglia of controls or in more anterior spinal ganglia and trigeminal ganglia of diabetics. Histologic studies showed an increase in Schwann cell counts in longitudinal sections of peripheral nerves. A similar but larger increase was observed in peripheral nerves of mice affected with an hereditary sensory neuropathy, dystonia musculorum. A small but general decrease in myelinated fiber diameter was observed in sensory and motor nerves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690457
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Testosterone and cigarette smoking in early adolescence (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of behavioral medicine 12 (1989), S. 425-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3521
    Keywords: adolescence ; cigarette ; smoking ; testosterone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Social and psychological variables are used to explain why young people become cigarette smokers, whereas biological factors have been virtually ignored as possible determinants of that behavior. In this study, salivary testosterone was positively associated with cigarette smoking among 201 subjects 12–14 years of age. This finding suggests that testosterone should be included in future considerations of adolescent cigarette smoking.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00844876
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of a Family-Directed Program on Adolescent Cigarette and Alcohol Cessation (2000)
    Springer
    Prevention science 1 (2000), S. 227-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6695
    Keywords: family program ; adolescent ; tobacco ; alcohol ; cessation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Programs to reduce adolescent cigarette or alcohol use by users in general populations have only recently been evaluated. Moreover, in spite of the substantial influence families have on their children, few family-directed programs designed to reduce the prevalence of adolescent smoking and drinking have been rigorously evaluated. This paper reports the findings of research designed to determine whether a family program reduced use of cigarettes or alcohol by users. The program consisted of a series of booklets mailed to families and follow-up telephone calls by health educators. A randomized experimental design involved families with children ages 12–14 throughout the United States. Data were collected by telephone at baseline and 3 and 12 months after the program was completed. No statistically significant program effects were observed for cessation or decrease in smoking and drinking by users.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026503313188
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    U. S. Householder survey of functional gastrointestinal disorders (1993)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 38 (1993), S. 1569-1580 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: functional bowel disorders ; epidemiology ; diagnosis ; demography ; health care use ; work absenteeism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our objective was to obtain national data of the estimated prevalence, sociodemographic relationships, and health impact of persons with functional gastrointestinal disorders. We surveyed a stratified probability random sample of U.S householders selected from a data base of a national market firm (National Family Opinion, Inc.). Questions were asked about bowel symptoms, sociodemographic associations, work absenteeism, and physician visits. The sampling frame was constructed to be demographically similar to the U.S. householder population based on geographic region, age of householder, population density, household income and household size. Of 8250 mailings, 5430 were returned suitable for analysis (66% response). The survey assessed the prevalence of 20 functional gastrointestinal syndromes based on fulfillment of multinational diagnostic (Rome) criteria. Additional variables studied included: demographic status, work absenteeism, health care use, employment status, family income, geographic area of residence, population density, and number of persons in household. For this sample, 69% reported having at least one of 20 functional gastrointestinal syndromes in the previous three months. The symptoms were attributed to four major anatomic regions: esophageal (42%), gastroduodenal (26%), bowel (44%), and anorectal (26%), with considerable overlap. Females reported greater frequencies of globus, functional dysphagia, irritable bowel syndrome, functional constipation, functional abdominal pain, functional biliary pain and dyschezia; males reported greater frequencies of aerophagia and functional bloating. Symptom reporting, except for incontinence, declines with age, and low income is associated with greater symptom reporting. The rate of work/school absenteeism and physician visits is increased for those having a functional gastrointestinal disorder. Furthermore, the greatest rates are associated with those having gross fecal incontinence and certain more painful functional gastrointestinal disorders such as chronic abdominal pain, biliary pain, functional dyspepsia and IBS. Preliminary information on the prevalence, socio-demographic features and health impact is provided for persons who fulfill diagnostic criteria for functional gastrointestinal disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01303162
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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