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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-temperature redetermination of the structures of three gold compounds (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 22 (1992), S. 397-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The structure of KAuCl4 (1), previously reported in the non-centrosymmetric space groupPc, has been successfully redetermined inP21/c; the gold atoms occupy centers of symmetry. The scatter of chemically equivalent bond lengths is greatly reduced and the precision of bond lengths and angles correspondingly improved. The structure of Cl3PAuCl (2), determined in 1962, has been redetermined to obtain more precise values for molecular dimensions; new values are Au-P 2.198, Au-Cl 2.279(2)Å. Short Au⋯Au contacts (3.081 Å) connect the molecules in chains. The structure of Ph3PSAuCl (3), for which a very long Au-Cl bond (2.555 Å) had been reported, was redetermined and gave a normal Au-Cl bond length of 2.265(2) Å; the previous value was probably a typing error. All redeterminations were carried out at −95°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01195399
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trinuclear Gold(I) Complexes with Various Coordination Modes of N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of cluster science 11 (2000), S. 153-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: gold ; dithiocarbamate ; tris(diphenylphosphino)methane ; gold–gold interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The compounds [Au3(S2CNMe2)3{μ 3-(PPh2)3CH]} (1) and [Au3(S2CNMe2)(μ-S2CNMe2){μ 3-(PPh2)3CH}]ClO4 (2) are obtained by reaction of [Au3Cl3{μ 3-(PPh2)3CH}] with three equivalents of sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate or two equivalents of the same reagent in the presence of excess NaClO4. Reaction of 2 with the group 11 metal complexes [AuCl(tht)], CuCl or [Au(C6F5)(tht)] takes place with displacement of [M(S2CNMe2)]n (M=Cu, Au) and formation of the new complexes [Au3X(μ-S2CNMe2){μ 3-(PPh2)3CH}]ClO4 (X=Cl (3), X=C6F5 (4)); further reaction of 3 with [Ag(OClO3)(tht)] (tht=tetrahydrothiophene) affords the dicationic species [Au3(μ-S2CNMe2){μ 3-(PPh2)3CH}(tht)](ClO4)2 (5). Treatment of [Au3Cl3{μ 3-(PPh2)3CH}] with one equivalent of NaS2CNMe2 allows the substitution of only one chlorine atom, giving rise to the complex [Au3Cl2(S2CNMe2){μ 3-(PPh2)3CH}] (6), in which the dithiocarbamate ligand acts as monodentate rather than bidentate bridging as observed in compounds 3–5. The crystal structures of complexes 1 and 2 have been established by X-ray diffraction studies and show close gold–gold contacts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009068916229
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MarkSim (2000)
    Springer
    Semigroup forum 92 (2000), S. 445-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2137
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: 2 ) and evaluates the model parameters for that point. The application currently contains surfaces for Latin America and Africa, and other regions will later be added. Use of the software is demonstrated by generating daily weather data files for running one of the DSSAT crop models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of geographical information systems in biodiversity exploration and conservation (1997)
    Springer
    Biodiversity and conservation 6 (1997), S. 947-958 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Keywords: geographic information systems ; species distribution ; climate mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We describe a method for applying geographical information systems (GIS) to exploring biodiversity in the wild relatives of crop species and illustrate its application to the wild common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). We use the latitude, longitude and altitude of the location of origin of each accession in a germplasm collection of wild P. vulgaris, along with long-term monthly mean values of rainfall, temperature and diurnal temperature range for about 10000 stations throughout Latin America to produce maps indicating areas with ‘bean-favouring’ climates. In a test case, these identify a new suitable area in Colombia where wild P. vulgaris has been reported in the literature, and two more areas which are strong candidates on other grounds. Dividing the ‘bean-favouring’ climates into clusters identifies areas that have similar climates but are geographically remote, where we can expect to find wild beans with similar ecological adaptation. We discuss the implications of these results for conserving and improving the common bean, and the application of these methods to other species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018311513176
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of an Inclusion Compound of 28,28,35,35-Tetramethyl-11-oxo-1,4,18,21-tetraoxa[4,1,4,1,1]paracycloph ane with para-Xylene (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 34 (1999), S. 267-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: tetraoxaparacyclophane complex ; preparation ; crystal structure ; clathrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The structure of the 2:3 complex between cyclophane 1 and para-xylene has been determined by a single crystal X-ray diffraction study at 143 K. One para-xylene molecule is enclosed within the cavity formed by two molecules of the host cyclophane; this ensemble displays crystallographic inversion symmetry. The other independent para-xylene molecule is located on a general position in the intermolecular cavities of the crystal lattice. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic space group P(-1) with a = 10β = 89.51(3), γ = 87.26(2)°, and Z = 1. Refinement based on 7539 unique reflections led to a final R(F) value of 0.0609.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008085829837
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of Functionalized Aza-macrocycles and the Application of Their Metal Complexes in Binding Processes (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 37 (2000), S. 39-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: aza-macrocycles ; cyclen ; cyclam ; Lewis-acids ; metal complexes ; coordinative bonds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Although aza-macrocycles have beenthoroughly investigated ever since their discoverybecause of their interesting binding properties,recent applications of their metal complexes inmedical concepts or as binding sites for recognitionin water have increased the demand for efficientsyntheses of functionalized derivatives. We presenthere two approaches to functionalized aza-macrocycles:substituted cyclams have been obtained byheterogeneous hydrogenation of unsaturatedheterocycles, and with established coupling methodsfrom peptide chemistry the selective introduction offunctional groups and tethering of cyclens wasachieved. The ability of Lewis-acidic complexes ofsuch substituted aza-macrocycles to reversibly formdefined aggregates even in neutral aqueous solutionwas demonstrated with the synthesis of an electrondonor – electron acceptor dyad, which is capable ofundergoing a very efficient intramolecular photoinducedelectron transfer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008083528325
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