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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity, accumulation, and release of three polychlorinated napthalenes (Halowax 1000, 1013, and 1099) in postlarval and adult grass shrimp,Palaemonetes pugio (1977)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 17 (1977), S. 399-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01685931
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    More about NP-completeness in the frustration model of spin-glasses (1987)
    Springer
    OR spectrum 9 (1987), S. 161-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6304
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird darauf hingewiesen, daß in einer kürzlich veröffentlichten Arbeit über den Grund-Zustand von Spin-Gläsern ein wichtiger Schritt des dort erbrachten NP-Vollständigkeitsbeweises fehlt. Der vom Autor nicht angegebene Schritt wird dargelegt und dadurch ein stärkerer Satz bewiesen.
    Notes: Summary Is is pointed out that a recent proof of the NP-completeness of determining the ground state of spin-glasses is missing an important step. We fill in the step omitted by the author and in the process find that a stronger theorem can be proved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01721098
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of airborne mineral dusts associated with farming activities in rural Alberta, Canada (1990)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 62 (1990), S. 423-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Airborne mineral dusts ; Rural community exposure ; X-ray microanalysis ; Silicosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The dry and windy climate of the Western Canadian prairie provinces, combined with large scale agricultural acitivities, results in aerosolization or organic and mineral dusts. The purpose of this study was to conduct an environmental and minerological analysis of these dusts in order to estimate the risk for pneumoconiosis in exposed farmer populations. Two districts in central/southern Alberta were chosen for study. One of these regions was representative of a predominantly grain growing district with minimal use of irrigation; the other region was largely devoted to forage and irrigated crop production. Air pollution statistics showed a bi-modal distribution of total suspended particulates (TSP) with peaks corresponding with maximal farm activities in the spring and early fall. Analysis of bulk dust samples obtained from tractor cab filters showed that the majority of particles from both districts were within the respirable range (〈 5 gm). Samples from the forage-crop region contained more organic material, a greater water soluble fraction and had particles that were, on average, smaller and rounder than particles from the grain district. These differences were thought to reflect differences in irrigation patterns and use of fertilizers between the two districts. Free silica (quartz) content was also very variable and ranged from 1 to 17% on a mass basis. Respirable fibrous minerals were occasionally identified, however, no asbestos fibres, fibrous tremolite, or fibrous zeolites were identified. The results indicate that there is potential risk for mineral dust pneumoconiosis in heavily exposed farmer populations and that this risk will be influenced by local and regional factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379058
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dichromatisches Sehen (1912)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 145 (1912), S. 298-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Es gibt viele Grade und Abarten des dichromatischen Sehens. 2. Es gibt keine zwei streng umschriebene Arten des dichromatischen Sehens, sondern unzählige Übergangsformen zwischen beiden, 3. In vielen Fällen werden genau dieselben Fehler gemacht von denen mit und von denen ohne Defekt der Rotperzeption, solange die Strahlen, für die der Mangel besteht, nicht mitbeteiligt sind. 4. Alle Dichromaten sind nicht in gleichem Grade farbenblind, d. h. der eine kann ein viel besseres Wahrnehmungsvermögen für Farbenton haben als der andere. 5. Dichromatisches Sehen kann kompliziert sein mit Defekt der Helligkeitsperzeption, wie er auch bei Nichtdichromaten vorkommt. 6. Dichromaten können eine Helligkeitsperzeption und -kurve haben ähnlich der des Normalen. 7. Viele Dichromaten machen ganz korrekte Farbengleichungen und suchen die zusammengehörigen Farben richtig aus, vorausgesetzt, dass die betreffenden Farben nicht zu nahe beieinander im Spektrum stehen. 8. Der Grad der Farbenblindheit schwankt mit dem Gesundheitszustand. 9. Das Farbenunterscheidungsvermögen ist bei Dichromaten im ganzen vermindert. 10. Das dichromatische Sehen scheint auf einem Mangel an Farbendifferenzierung zu beruhen, der wahrscheinlich einer früheren Stufe der phylogentischen Entwicklung entspricht. 11. Die zwei Farben, die gesehen werden, sind Rot und Violett.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01680443
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Apolipoprotein (apo) E genotypes by polymerase chain reaction and allele-specific oligonucleotide probes: no detectable linkage disequilibrium between apo E and apo CII (1989)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 83 (1989), S. 364-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Allelic sequence variation in the apolipoprotein (apo) E gene has been analysed by means of synthetic oligonucleotide probes that detect single base pair substitutions in the codons for amino acid positions 112 and 158, substitutions that are responsible for the common isoforms. Use of the polymerase chain reaction procedure to amplify a sequence of 330 base pairs of the human apo E gene has permitted the development of a robust method for apo E genotyping. This technique has been used to determine the apo E genotype in 95 individuals in whom the genotype for an apo CII TaqI restriction fragment length polymorphism has also been determined. No strong linkage disequilibrium between the two gene loci was detected. This suggests that the metabolic effects of variation, in the apo E and apo CII genes, as detected by the polymorphisms used here, would operate in a statistically independent manner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00291382
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of mercury on the survival, respiration, and growth of postlarval white shrimp, Penaeus setiferus (1976)
    Springer
    Marine biology 37 (1976), S. 75-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The results of toxicity experiments have shown that a level of 17 ppb ionic mercury is acutely toxic (96-h LC50) to postlarval white shrimp (Penaeus setiferus). In addition, the size of the shrimp, within the range tested (7 to 35 mm) did not significantly alter the toxicity values of mercury to this species. Fifty-seven days pre-exposure to low levels of mercury (0.5 and 1.0 ppb) had no effect on the acute toxicity (96-h LC50) of mercury to the shrimp. The effect of chronic exposure to low levels of mercury on the respiratory rate, growth, and molting rate of postlarval P. setiferus was studied, and the results showed that 60 days exposure to 0.5 and 1.0 ppb mercury did not significantly affect any of these parameters for the postlarvae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386781
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cold-induced hemolysis in a hypertonic milieu (1977)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 33 (1977), S. 249-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Suspension of human erythrocytes at 37° C in an environment made hypertonic by increasing concentrations of sodium chloride and sucrose was followed by hemolysis when the temperature was lowered to 0° C. Two distinct stages were involved in this hemolytic phenomenon, the first being incubation with hypertonic solute at some temperature above 20° C with an increasing effect up to 45° C, and the second stage consisting of lowering the temperature below 15° C with increasing hemolysis down to 0° C. The rate of cooling was not an important factor, but the presence of ions reduced the extent of cold-induced hemolysis in hypertonic sucrose. No significant release of membrane phospholipid and cholesterol accompanied this hemolysis. The solubilization of membrane protein components was investigated, with some differences appearing on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis between hypertonic and isotonic supernatants. Spectrin could not be identified in solubilized form. Correlation of the temperatures of note in these studies with results from the literature on other biological effects of temperature-induced phase transitions in membrane lipids strongly points to the conclusion that such transitions are involved in the mechanism of cold-induced hypertonic hemolysis. It is postulated that the hypertonic milieu has resulted in membrane-protein alteration damage which prevents normal adaption to the new physical state of the membrane lipids during cooling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01869519
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypertonic cryohemolysis: Ionophore and pH effects (1978)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 39 (1978), S. 273-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Human erythrocytes suspended at 37°C in hypertonic solution of either electrolytes or nonelectrolytes undergo hemolysis when the temperature is lowered toward 0°C (Green, F.A., Jung, C.Y. 1977J. Membrane Biol. 33:249). In the present studies this hypertonic cryohemolysis was profoundly affected by the pH of incubation, and was completely abolished at pH 5. In hypertonic NaCl, there was an apparent pH optimum at 6–6.5. In hypertonic sucrose, on the other hand, hemolysis increased progressively with increasing pH between 6 and 9. Amphotericin B inhibited hypertonic cryohemolysis in NaCl or KCl solution. No inhibiting effect of amphotericin B was observed when hypertonicity was due to sodium sulfate or sucrose. Valinomycin also inhibited hypertonic cryohemolysis in KCl, but did not affect the process in NaCl or sucrose solution. SITS (4-acetamido-4′-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonate) and phloretin interfered with this valinomycin effect, whereas phlorizin did not. These results indicate that dissipation of an osmotic gradient across membranes may be responsible for the inhibition of the hemolysis by these ionophores. Iso-osmotic cell shrinkage induced by valinomycin in 150mm NaCl solution did not result in cryohemolysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01870335
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzyme changes in rat small intestine during pregnancy and lactation (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 10 (1978), S. 343-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Synopsis Small fluctuations in the activity of a number of important enzymes have been found during the intestinal hyperplasia and hypertrophy of pregnancy and lactation. The pattern of change differs between the enzymes studied, and for individual enzymes often varies between the jejunum and ileum. These results suggest that there must be a complex response to the signals that trigger hyperplasia in the mucosal epithelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01007564
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of polygalacturonase and the formation of oxalic acid by pectin in brown-rot fungi (1995)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 11 (1995), S. 519-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Bordered pits ; brown-rot fungi ; polygalacturonase ; oxalic acid ; wood decay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Extracellular polygalacturonase (PG) production was estimated in vitro, using liquid cultures of three species of brown-rot decay fungi (Postia placenta, Gloeophyllum trabeum and Serpula incrassata), by cup-plate assay, assay of reducing sugars, and decrease in viscosity. Although all three experimental assays demonstrated that PG was induced by pectin in all three fungi, decrease in viscosity gave the best correlation with decay capacity in soil block tests. PG activity, determined as an increase in reducing sugar activity, was greatest in G. trabeum and weakest in S. incrassata. The optimum pH for PG activity was between pH 2.5 and 4.5. Oxalic acid production was also enhanced by pectin and functioned synergistically with PG activity. We conclude that these fungi produce PG that is best induced by pectin and that PG activity exceeds production of xylanase and endoglucanase activity in vitro. Polygalacturonase is likely to act synergistically with oxalic acid to solubilize and hydrolyse the pectin in pit membranes and middle lamellae. Thus, production of PG and oxalic acid should facilitate early spread of hyphae and enhance the lateral flow of wood-decay enzymes and agents into adjacent tracheids and the wood cell wall, thus initiating the diffuse decay caused by brown-rot fungi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286366
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