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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decolourization of dye-containing solutions by electrocoagulation (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 24 (1994), S. 785-790 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract In the electrocoagulation of Drimarene Discharge X-3LG® (R12S) and Samaron Yellow 4® (D05H), the effects of sacrificial anodes, initial pH, rate of stirring and concentrations of dyes on the fraction of decolourization were tested. The experimental results revealed that the colour of dyes in the aqueous phase was effectively removed when iron and aluminium were used as sacrificial anodes and the concentration of the dyes was less than 100 p.p.m. When the concentration of R12S exceeded 300 p.p.m. iron was a more suitable sacrificial anode for electrocoagulation of R12S than aluminium. For the electrocoagulation of D05H in aqueous solution aluminium as a sacrificial anode was superior to iron when the concentration of D05H exceeded 300 p.p.m. Using iron as sacrificial anode, the residual concentration fraction of R12S was decreased below 10% when the initial concentration of R12S and charge passed were 500 p.p.m. and 120C, respectively. The decolourization fraction of D05H was 99% when aluminium was used as sacrificial anode.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00578095
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance evidence of degradation in thermoplastics based on forest products (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 2 (1994), S. 137-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Keywords: Compostable ; graft copolymer ; lignin ; poly(1-phenylethylene) (polystyrene) ; spectral analyses ; thermoplastic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The degradation of lignin-(1-phenylethylene) graft copolymers (lignin-styrene graft copolymers) by white rot basidiomycete fungi was followed by monitoring aromatic absorption bands by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The FTIR of the graft copolymers shows a series of characteristic absorbance peaks from multi-substituted aromatic rings and a strong poly(1-phenylethylene) (polystyrene) absorbance peak from monosubstituted aromatic rings. Subtraction of copolymer spectra taken before incubation from spectra taken after 50 days of incubation with the four tested fungi shows the loss of functional groups from the copolymer. NMR spectra also show reduction of aromatic ring resonances from the copolymer and incorporation of peaks from fungi as a result of incubation with fungi. The biodegradation tests were run on lignin-(1-phenylethylene) graft copolymers which contained 10.3, 32.2, and 50.4% of lignin. The polymer samples were incubated with the white rot fungiPleurotus ostreatus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, andTrametes versicolor, and the brown rot fungusGleophyllum trabeum. White rot fungi degraded the plastic samples at a rate that increased with increasing lignin content in the copolymer sample. Both poly(1-phenylethylene) and lignin components of the copolymer were readily degraded. Observation by scanning electron microscopy of incubated copolymers showed a deterioration of the plastic surface. The brown rot fungus did not affect any of these plastics, nor did any of the fungi degrade pure poly(1-phenylethylene).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02074782
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A parallel quasi-Newton method for partially separable large scale minimization (1988)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 14 (1988), S. 195-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Quasi-Newton method ; updated conjugate subspaces method ; parallel computation ; partially separable minimization ; large scale minimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The parallel quasi-Newton method based on updating conjugate subspaces proposed in [4] can be very effective for large-scale sparse minimization because conjugate subspaces with respect to sparse Hessians are usually easy to obtain. We demonstrate this point in this paper for the partially separable case with matrices updated by a quasi-Newton scheme ofGriewank andToint [2,3]. The algorithm presented is suitable for parallel computation and economical in computer storage. Some testing results of the algorithm on an Alliant FX/8 minisupercomputer are reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02186480
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in optical texture of α-spherulites of isotactic polypropylene upon partial melting and recrystallization (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of polymer research 2 (1995), S. 139-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Keywords: Optical texture ; α-phase spherulites ; Isotactic polypropylene ; Partial melting ; Recrystallization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Textural changes in α-phase spherulites of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) in a sequence of thermal events were examined by means of polarized light microscopy (PLM). This sequence of thermal events involves isothermal crystallization (atTc = 117 to 140 °C), followed by heating (at 5 °C/min) to nearly complete melting, and then recrystallization upon cooling (at -40°C/min) to Tc During isothermal crystallization, the a-spherulites were of mixed birefringenceat Tc = 117 to 127 °C or of negative birefringence at Tc = 140 °C; upon heating towards melting, the spherulitec birefringence consistently truned negative. More interestingly, after recrystallization during cooling back to Tc from nearcomplate melting, all spherulites exhibited positive birefringence. The recrystallization could also result in speckles of positive birefringence when Tc was high or upon slower cooling. The changes in optical texture are explained in terms of contributions from tangential (or, cross-hatched) subsidiary lamellae which (as compared to the radial dominant lamellae) are relatively low-melting but thicken and recrystallize more readily in the present temperature range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01494249
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High sensitivity 2 $\beta $ decay study of $^{116}$ Cd and $^{100}$ Mo with the BOREXINO counting test facility (CAMEO project) (2001)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 19 (2001), S. 43-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The unique features (super-low background and large sensitive volume) of the CTF and BOREXINO set ups are used in the CAMEO project for a high sensitivity study of $^{100}$ Mo and $^{116}$ Cd neutrinoless 2 $\beta $ decay. Pilot measurements with $^{116}$ Cd and Monte Carlo simulations show that the sensitivity of the CAMEO experiment (in terms of the half-life limit for $ 0\nu 2\beta $ decay) is $\approx 4\times 10^{24}$ yr with a 1 kg source of $^{100}$ Mo and $\approx 10^{26}$ yr with $\approx $ 100 kg of enriched $ ^{116}$ CdWO $_4$ crystals placed in the liquid scintillator of the CTF. The last value corresponds to a limit on the neutrino mass of $m_\nu \leq 0.06$ eV. Similarly with 1000 kg of $^{116}$ CdWO $_4$ crystals located in the BOREXINO apparatus the neutrino mass limit can be pushed down to $m_\nu \leq 0.02$ eV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100520100594
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal glucose utilization in genetically diabetic microangiopathy (1975)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 31 (1975), S. 1130-1132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Glucose uptake into kidney tissue is not influenced by the development of glomerulosclerosis in KK mice. Glucosyltransferase activity remains at a normal level even at an age having a highest incidence of serious development of glomerulosclerosis. The observation suggests that biosynthesis of basement membrane reflected by its glucosyltransferase activity does not accelerate in genetically transmitted microangiopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02326750
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HLA-DRB3 gene alleles in Caucasian patients with Graves' disease (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 70 (1992), S. 956-960 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Graves' disease ; HLA-DRB3 alleles ; Endocrine ophthalmopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Graves' disease (GD) is a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) linked organ-specific autoimmune disease. In German GD patients the disease is associated with HLA specificities of the HLA-DRw52 family (HLA-DR3, -DR5, and DR6; HLA-DRB3 positive HLA haplotypes). Recently, a strong association with a HLA-DRB3 restriction fragment length polymorphism gene has been described. To study HLA-DRB3 alleles and their association with the disease, a large cohort of controls (n = 3724) and GD patients (n = 304) was analyzed. HLA-DR allelic combinations revealed an increase in HLA-DR3/DR5 heterozygous patients (relative risk 2.9; P〈0.001). HLA-DRB3 alleles, as defined by DNA typing in HLA-DR matched groups revealed a significant increase in DRB3*0101 homozygosity (relative risk 17.5; P〈 0.001) in HLA-DR3 homozygous patients. In GD patients with ophthalmopathy (grade II or higher, according to Werner) DRB3*0101/*0202 heterozygosity revealed an increased relative risk of 5.5 (P〈0.001). Non-HLA-DR3 homozygous, DRB3*0101/*0202 heterozygous patients were at the highest risk for endocrine ophthalmopathy (relative risk 10; P〈0.001). Our data, based on DNA typing methods of HLA-D genes, provide evidence that the susceptibility is strongly associated with HLA-DRB3 genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00180447
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anabolic Effect of Prostaglandin E2 in Bone Is not Dependent on Pituitary Hormones in Rats (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 63 (1998), S. 236-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Osteoporosis — Bone volume— Prostaglandin E2— Hypophysectomy — Growth factor.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an anabolic agent of bone in vivo but the mechanism of its action still remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether the effect of PGE2 on skeleton is mediated by pituitary hormones. Forty female, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: baseline control (basal), age-matched intact control (CON), hypophysectomy (HX), and HX + PGE2 (2 mg/kg/day) with 10 animals in each group. The basal group was sacrified at 2 months of age, and the remaining groups after 6 weeks of treatment. Cancellous and cortical bone histomorphometry was performed on double fluorescent-labeled 40 μm-thick sections of the proximal tibia and tibial shaft. Our results show that HX resulted in a cessation of bone growth, a decrease in cancellous bone volume, and cortical bone gain compared with the age-matched, intact CON rats. Compared with the HX group, the HX + PGE2 group had a significantly greater tibial bone density (mean ± SE, HX + PGE2:1.595 ± 0.007 versus HX:1.545 ± 0.013), percent cancellous bone volume (21.4 ± 2.0 versus 8.41 ± 1.70), percent cortical bone area (87.2 ± 0.85 versus 81.7 ± 0.7), and ratio of cortical area to marrow area (7.14 ± 0.56 versus 4.52 ± 0.21). Increased bone masses by PGE2 in the HX animals were accompanied by an increase in the trabecular and endosteal-labeled surface and bone formation rate. The trabecular number and width were increased whereas trabecular separation was decreased in the HX + PGE2 group compared with the HX group (P 〈 0.05). PGE2 treatment also caused a decrease in the tibial endosteal eroded surface and medullar cavity of the HX animals. In conclusion, this study clearly demonstrates that PGE2 (2 mg/kg/day) in the HX rats increases both cortical and cancellous bones and improves trabecular architecture in the tibia after 6 weeks of treatment. These skeletal alterations are due to a stimulation of bone formation and a suppression of bone resorption activity. These findings suggest that the anabolic effect of PGE2 in bone is independent of pituitary hormones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900520
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cisplatin-based chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced transitional-cell carcinoma of the urinary tract — a preliminary report (1992)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 30 (1992), S. S81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The CMV (cisplatin, methotrexate, and vinblastine) and M-VAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin) regimens were used to treat 19 patients with advanced transitional-cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urothelial tract. In the CMV group, the partial response rate was 45.5% and the mean response duration was 6.3 months. No complete response was obtained in our series. The median duration of survival was 15.8 and 8.3 months in responders and nonresponders, respectively. The toxic symptoms included one case of sepsis and three cases of renal toxicity. However, nausea and vomiting were experienced by most patients and required the administration of antiemetics. In the M-VAC group, the median duration of survival for responders was longer than that of nonresponders (〉10.2 vs 7.2 months), although the number of patients was too small for this difference to reach statistical significance. The toxic symptoms included one case of sepsis, two cases of renal toxicity, and nausea and vomiting in most patients. Bone metastasis in three patients did not respond to chemotherapy (CMV), a finding that is compatible with the results reported by other investigators. In summary, chemotherapy with the CMV or M-VAC regimen was effective in improving the response rate of patients. However, the duration of response was short, toxicity was severe in some cases, and the efficacy against bone lesions was poor. These problems must be solved to improve the outcome of patients with TCC following chemotherapy with the CMV or M-VAC regimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00686949
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphometric X-ray Absorptiometry and Morphometric Radiography of the Spine: A Comparison of Analysis Precision in Normal and Osteoporotic Subjects (1999)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 9 (1999), S. 536-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:Morphometric radiography – Morphometric X-ray absorptiometry – Osteoporosis – Precision – Vertebral deformities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Morphometric techniques, which use conventional lateral spine radiographs to quantify vertebral body shape (morphometric radiography, MRX), have proved a useful tool in the identification and evaluation of osteoporotic vertebral deformities. Recently a new method of acquiring the images required for vertebral morphometry using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanners (morphometric X-ray absorptiometry, MXA) has been developed. In this study we compare repeat analysis precision of vertebral height measurement using MXA and MRX. Twenty-four postmenopausal women were recruited (mean age 67 + 5.8 years): 12 normal subjects and 12 with osteoporosis and vertebral deformities. Each subject had a MXA scan and lateral thoracic and lumbar radiographs at a single appointment, which were each analyzed quantitatively in a masked fashion, using a standard 6-point method, twice by one observer and once by a second observer. Anterior (Ha), mid (Hm) and posterior (Hp) vertebral heights were measured and wedge (Ha/Hp) and mid-wedge (Hm/Hp) ratios calculated for each vertebral body. Intra- and interobserver precision were consistently poorer in MXA compared with MRX in both normal subjects and those with vertebral deformities, with MXA CV% generally at least 50% higher than corresponding values for MRX. For both MXA and MRX interobserver precision was clearly poorer than intraobserver precision, a problem associated with any morphometric technique. MXA intra- and interobserver precision were significantly poorer for subjects with vertebral deformities compared with those without, with a CV% for deformity subjects up to twice that of normal subjects. Conversely, MRX showed little or no obvious worsening of intra- or interobserver precision for deformity subjects. Comparison of MXA precision in the normal and deformed vertebrae of the deformity subjects demonstrated that the poorer precision in these subjects compared with normal subjects was the result of increased variability in point placement on the deformed vertebrae themselves. However, the precision for normal vertebrae in these subjects was also somewhat poorer than the precision in normal subjects. We conclude that MXA precision is generally poorer than that of MRX and that the presence of vertebral deformities has a more pronounced effect on MXA precision than on MRX precision.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980050182
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