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  • 1
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Anus ; Squamous intraepithelial lesion ; Colposcopy ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Anal cancer ; Anal intraepithelial neoplasia ; Anoscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: The incidence of anal cancer is increased in men with a history of anal receptive intercourse. Analogous to cervical cancer, whose precursor is cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), anal cancer may be preceded by anal HSIL. Although not yet proven, detection, follow-up, and treatment of HSIL may prevent development of anal cancer. Cervical colposcopic methodology was used to describe anal lesions and to determine if HSIL could be distinguished from low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL). METHODS; The colposcopic characteristics of 385 biopsied anal lesions were described and correlated with results of histopathology in a cohort of 121 human immunodeficiency virus-positive and 31 human immunodeficiency-negative homosexual/bisexual men with anal lesions followed as part of a longitudinal study of anal squamous intraepithelial lesions. Color, contour, surface, and vascular patterns of anal lesions were analyzed and correlated with histologic diagnosis. RESULTS: Sixty-seven percent of biopsies showed LSIL and 26 percent showed HSIL. The positive predictive value for anal HSIL in lesions with characteristics typical of cervical LSIL was 7.7 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 1.8–14), whereas the positive predictive value for anal HSIL in lesions with characteristics typical of cervical HSIL was 49 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 40–58). CONCLUSIONS: The colposcopic appearance of different grades of anal squamous intraepithelial lesions was similar to those described for the cervix. Incorporation of colposcopy into assessment of anal disease could aid in distinguishing anal LSIL from HSIL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 8 (1969), S. 221-225 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Angeblich sei es angebracht, die nach stetiger Kreisscherung einer Polymerschmelze eintretende Spannungsrelaxation in einemWeissenberg-Rheogoniometer zu bestimmen. Es heißt, für diesen Zweck könne die Umdrehung innerhalb 10 Millisekunden beendet werden. Sorgfältige Versuche haben jedoch gezeigt, daß keine der zwei Behauptungen zutrifft. Die Hauptwelle des Rheogoniometers wird von einer Kupplungsscheibe, die mittels eines Elektromagnets mit einer Antriebsscheibe in engem Kontakt gehalten wird, angetrieben. Das Abbremsen findet infolge des Einschaltens einer in ähnlicher Weise betätigten Reibungsscheibe, die mit dem Gehäuse des Apparates unbeweglich verbunden ist, statt. Der Zeitverlust zwischen dem Moment des Ausschaltens der Antriebsscheibe und des Einschaltens der Bremsscheibe hängt von der Drehgeschwindigkeit des Schalters ab. Die Ersetzung des Drehschalters durch einen Kniehebelschalter eliminiert diese Abhängigkeit: Bremszeiten von weniger als 10 Millisekunden wurden somit wiederholt erzielt. Im Rheogoniometer wird die Scherspannung in der Gestalt des Ausschlages einer Welle gemessen. Nach einer stetigen Scherung wird die Welle aus ihrer Ruhelage gedreht und die beobachteten Spannungsrelaxationserscheinungen entsprechen der Bewegung der Torsionswelle. Die Spannungsrelaxation findet also nicht unter konstanten Begrenzungen statt wie es die Theorie bedingt; eine einfache Berechnung auf Grund der Scheibenbewegung-Zeitfunktion zeigt das „Ungleich-Null“ — Schergeschwindigkeitsgefälle an. Unbeweglich im System sind der stillstehende Konus und der obere Teil der Torsionswelle. Es wird also das Relaxationsverhalten von der Wellenkonstante beeinflußt, wie es mittels des Versuches mit einer elastoviskosen Flüssigkeit veranschaulicht wurde. Bei einer Newtonschen Flüssigkeit benimmt sich das System wie ein drehendesMaxwell-Element, worin die Zeitkonstante von der Viskosität der Flüssigkeit und der Elastizitätskonstante der Torsionswelle bestimmt wird.
    Notes: Summary It has been suggested that stress relaxation after steady rotational shear flow of a polymer melt can be conveniently studied in theWeissenberg Rheogoniometer. To carry out such experiments, it is claimed that rotation can be stopped in a time interval of less than 10 milliseconds. Careful experiments reveal that neither of these statements is correct. The drive to the main spindle of the Rheogoniometer is effected through a clutch disc held in close contact with a driving plate by means of a magnetic coil. Braking is effected by a similar friction disc and coil attached to the body of the apparatus. With the standard rotary switch the time interval between deenergising the drive coil and energising the brake coil is arbitrarily determined by the speed of rotation of the switch. The replacement of the rotary by a toggle switch eliminates this variation and gives a reproducible time of braking of less than 10 milliseconds. In the Rheogoniometer the shear stress is determined by the deflection of a torsion bar. After steady shearing, the bar is displaced from its mean position, and the “stress” relaxation characteristics which are observed correspond to the changing position of the torsion bar. Consequently the relaxation of stress in the system does not occur under conditions of fixed boundaries as demanded by the theory, and the non-zero rate of shear can be readily obtained from the plate displacement-time relation. The fixed points in the system are the stationary cone and the top of the torsion bar. Hence the bar constant influences the relaxation behaviour, as has been demonstrated experimentally with an elastoviscous fluid. With aNewtonian fluid, the system behaves as a rotaryMaxwell element, with a time constant determined by the viscosity of the fluid and the elastic constant of the torsion bar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Keywords: bone marrow ; kidney ; lysosome ; niobium ; X-ray microanalysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Niobium is used as an alloy in the industrial and biomedical fields. The concentration of the toxic element in organs of a number of animal species has been defined by using radioactive niobium (95Nb). However, tissue lesions induced by niobium have only been studied at the light microscopy level. In this study, we used an electron probe X-ray analyzer equipped with a transmission electron microscope to define the localization of this element in kidney and bone marrow cells. Results demonstrated that niobium is located in the lysosome and that this element coprecipitates with phosphate. In kidney, lysosomes and precipitates are eliminated in the tubular lumen. In contrast, precipitates appear to be eliminated more slowly from the lysosomes of bone marrow macrophages. These processes therefore correspond to one of the mechanisms by which lysosomes eliminate certain toxic mineral elements and thus play a role in the more general process of the body's defenses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Herbaceous perennials native to coastal bluffs in northern California all had similar photosynthetic characteristics: moderate photosynthetic capacities, light saturation at relatively low irradiances, and low photosynthetic temperature optima. They all decreased stomatal conductance in response to decreased humidity. Though the coastal habitat generally has high humidities and cool air temperatures leaf microclimatic conditions lead frequently to large vapor-concentration gradients between leaf and air. Stomatal sensitivty to the vapor-concentration gradient may result in important plant-water conservation in this summer drought habitat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 16 (1976), S. 588-594 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Conclusion A crack's width and depth have very little effect on the amount of insecticide deposited on the outside of the crack. Factors such as rate of application, concentration of insecticide, tank pressure and air turbulence would have a more direct effect on the amount of deposit. While other factors such as humidity and temperature were not considered in this study, other researchers have shown their importance in spray deposition. The amount of insecticide deposited along the interior of a crack is strongly influenced by the width of the crack. The wider the crack opening, the more insecticide deposited. Data collected using the test apparatus has shown that the apparatus is able to provide a great deal of information about the factors influencing the amount of insecticide in crack and crevice treatments. The apparatus and techniques utilized during this study have proved to be accurate and sensitive to changes in crack width and depths. This method also gives valuable information as to the efficiency of the application equipment that was used in this study. The next step is to test the apparatus using pressures. Concentrations, and methods presently being using by pest control operators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 185 (1999), S. 239-245 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Odometry ; Flight distance ; Vision ; Perception
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Recent evidence indicates that honeybees measure distance flown to a food source by integrating, over time, the apparent visual motion of the environment that they experience en route to the goal. Is the bee's perception of distance travelled a linear function of distance, or is it some other function? This question was investigated by training bees to fly into a tunnel and receive a food reward. The walls and floor of the tunnel were lined with a random texture, and the reward was placed at one of two fixed distances, “near” or “far”, from the tunnel entrance. The feeder containing the reward was placed in a box which could be accessed through one of two openings, one on the left side of the box, and the other on the right. When the box was at the “near” position, the reward could only be accessed through the left-hand opening; when the box was at the “far” position, the reward could only be accessed through the right-hand opening. When the trained bees were tested individually in an identical, fresh tunnel with the reward removed from the box, they showed a strong preference for the left-hand opening when tested at the “near” distance, and for the right-hand opening when tested at the “far” distance. At intermediate positions, the bees' preference for the two openings varies linearly with distance. These findings suggest that the honeybee's perception of distance travelled is linear, at least over the distances and range of image motions experienced in our experiments. The implications for navigation and for the encoding of distance information in the dance are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 66 (2000), S. 212-216 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Odontoblast — Dentin sialoprotein — Bone sialoprotein — Osteocalcin — Fura-2.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Historically, odontoblasts have been isolated from rat incisor using a surgical curette to separate these cells from the dentin. Isolation of odontoblasts using this approach typically resulted in cells with membrane properties that made the application of patch-clamp electrophysiological techniques prohibitive. The studies here describe a new procedure for isolating mature odontoblasts from adult rat incisor to obtain enriched populations of intact, viable odontoblasts that can be readily studied using patch-clamp methodologies. Identification of isolated cells as odontoblasts was confirmed using in situ mRNA hybridization for expression of dentin sialoprotein, osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein, and type I collagen, and calcium flux was monitored in these cells by means of fura-2 microfluorometry. We suggest that either single odontoblasts or clusters of these cells isolated by this new method would be an ideal preparation for the study of odontoblast properties using electrophysiological techniques, in situ hybridization and/or microfluorometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 1 (1975), S. 49-52 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Real-Time Computer ; Patients records ; Training
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Wythenshawe Hospital is a large district general hospital, with an important cardio-thoracic Jepartment and a dedicated real-time patient data display system has been introduced into this area and attendant laboratories. The computer system was purchased as a complete working entity, and six months after hardware commissioning was fully operational throughout the whole department. This paper describes the data display system and the methods used to introduce the concept to the ward staff, and the manner in which these staff were trained in the use of the computer terminals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Geo-marine letters 14 (1994), S. 160-169 
    ISSN: 1432-1157
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Active petroleum vents and slicks have been identified in the deep water of the northern Gulf of Mexico using numerous techniques. The occurrence and distribution of these petroleum vents are strongly influenced by the local geological framework—especially the presence of vertical migration pathways into shallow sediments. Oil and gas vents may be more useful for establishing the existence of petroleum generation on a regional scale and for evaluating the gross properties of oil migrating in the subsurface than for appraising the exploration value of individual prospects. Knowledge about petroleum venting in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico has proven to be an important element of the successful exploration activities there.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Geo-marine letters 13 (1993), S. 197-206 
    ISSN: 1432-1157
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract 3.5-k Hz profiles from low channel levees on the Scotian Rise show transparent Holocene acoustic facies overlying stratified glacial facies, dated by Carbon-14 in cores. Corresponding acoustic facies in seismic records are correlated with glaciations by “counting back” from the present sea floor using sedimentation rates from Carbon-14 dating and biostratigraphy from wells as a guide. The regional thickness and character of the seismic units correlate with the duration and intensity of glacial periods inferred from the global isotopic record. Changes in glacial supply to the continental margin are interpreted using this chronology, which shows stage 12 as the first widespread erosional glacial event.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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