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  • Articles  (11)
  • Springer  (11)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-radiative electronic capture rates by a halide vacancy in alkali halides (1974)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 17 (1974), S. 71-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We treat non-radiative electronic capture rates induced by the non-adiabatic perturbation operator with corresponding transition probabilities. Therefore a dynamical electronic wavefunction is evaluated. By coupling the electron to “dressed phonon” modes, which connect the “local” optical mode to the acoustic phonons, exact energy balance in the transition probabilities is possible. The Franck-Condon-Integrals arising there are thermal averaged analytically. The method is applicable to transitions between two discrete electronic levels as well as band to discrete level transitions. Numerical results are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01854957
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical Love wave dispersion in a single layer model (1963)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 55 (1963), S. 16-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary From a study of the Love wave dispersion in a single layer model it is shown that the shape of the dispersion curves is very insensitive to the changes in the density ratio. The bilogarithmic grids giving dispersion curves for different shear velocity ratios and a mean density ratio of 1.20 should be sufficient for interpretation by the method of curve matching. Such grids and the numerical data are given both for the phase velocity and the group velocity. An example is given illustrating the use of these grids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02011210
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Habitat use by juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the presence of an actively foraging and non-foraging predator (1995)
    Springer
    Marine biology 123 (1995), S. 421-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Experiments were conducted in the autumn and winter of 1992/93 to examine habitat use by juvenile (age 0+) Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L., before, during and following exposure to a passive or actively foraging predator (age 3+ cod). Experiments presented groups of juvenile cod (n=5 fish/group) with one of two combinations of three substrates; (1) gravel, sand, and a patch of artificial kelp (“kelp”), or (2) cobble, sand, and kelp. Cobble is known to provide juvenile cod with a refuge from predation. Kelp was used to test the hypothesis that juvenile cod associate with fleshy macroalgae in nature because of the safety it provides from predators. There was little difference in habitat use by juvenile cod before, during or following exposure to a passive predator. Under these conditions, juvenile cod appeared to prefer finer grained mineral substrates and avoided the kelp. The extent of the juvenile response to a passive predator was to avoid the predator's location in the experimental tank. In contrast, juvenile cod showed a significant shift in habitat use when exposed to an actively foraging predator, hiding in cobble or, when cobble was not available, in kelp. Use of both these habitats resulted in a significant reduction in predation risk to the juvenile cod. Our results suggest that: (1) an association with kelp provides safety from predation to juvenile cod, and (2) juvenile cod are capable for assessing the risk a predator represents and adjust their response accordingly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349220
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Caribbean fruit fly,Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), attraction to host fruit and host kairomones (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 727-743 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Attractants ; kairomone ; Caribbean fruit fly ; Anastrepha suspensa ; host fruit ; Diptera ; Tephritidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Extracts of 22 fruits were tested for their attractancy toAnastrepha suspensa (Loew), the Caribbean fruit fly. Box-orange, calamondin, carambola, cattley guava, loquat, and Surinam-cherry were about equal in attractiveness to males and females. Nine synthetic chemicals, including four found in box-orange ripe seed, were attractive to females. Five synthetic chemicals, including two in box-orange ripe seed, were attractive to males. Farnesol,α-phellandrene, and 3-carene were highest in attractiveness to both males and females. Females were more attracted than males to 12 synthetic chemicals. These data suggest that host chemicals serve as attractants and that female and male specific attractants and traps could be developed from host kairomone data. These data also suggest that the volatilization of chemicals from water may play an important role in kairomone biology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02059609
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of correlated Gaussian wavefunctions for the calculation of chemical energies for small systems (1972)
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 28 (1972), S. 13-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Anwendungsmöglichkeit von Basissätzen einer beschränkten Zahl von Gaußfunktionen zur Berechnung von Dissoziations- und Aktivierungsenergien wird untersucht. Der Hauptvorteil bei der Verwendung von Gaußfunktionen besteht darin, daß sie auf Integrale führen, die analytisch ausgewertet werden können, sogar im Falle, daß explizite Korrelationsanteile in den Funktionen enthalten sind. Für H2 und lineares H3 wurde eine eingeschränkte Gaußfunktionenbasis vom 1s-Typ unter Einschluß expliziter Korrelationsanteile verwendet. Das beste Ergebnis für die Dissoziationsenergie des H2 beträgt 105,1 kcal/mol. Dagegen ergibt sich für die Aktivierungsenergie der Austauschreaktion Wasserstoffatom-Wasserstoffmolekül ein Wert von 15,8 kcal/mol.
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this paper was to investigate the use of limited sets of Gaussian functions as bases to calculate dissociation and activation energies. Gaussian functions have the principal advantage that they lead to integrals that can be performed analytically, even when explicit correlation terms are introduced. Calculations were performed on H2 and linear H3 using a restricted 1s-type Gaussian basis, and direct correlation factors were introduced into the wave function in both cases. The best result for the dissociation energy of H2 was 105.1 kcal/mole. However, the activation energy of the hydrogen atom-hydrogen molecule exchange reaction was calculated to be 15.8 kcal/mole.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00528869
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Why are larger convict cichlid (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum) fry sometimes adopted into broods of smaller fry? (1995)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 37 (1995), S. 343-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Key words Convict cichlid ; Dilution effect ; Differential predation effect ; Adoption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Convict cichlids (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum) are substrate-brooding fish, native to Central America, with extended biparental care of young. Parents in the field and laboratory readily adopt foreign young of similar size to or smaller than their own, but usually reject larger foreign young. Under certain circumstances, the adoption of unrelated young has been shown to be adaptive to both donating and foster parents through (1) the dilution effect: the probability that their own young will be captured by a predator is reduced as the brood size increases; and (2) the differential predation effect: smaller young are more easily caught by brood predators than are larger young. These effects are not mutually exclusive. It has been demonstrated that parents of young with a standard length (SL) of 8 mm or bigger reject larger foreign young less often than do parents guarding smaller young, suggesting that the differential predation effect, and interfry aggression, may only be at work at smaller young sizes. In this study relative vulnerability of young to small gape predators (sub-adult conspecifics) decreased with increasing size of young (Fig. 1). When young were most vulnerable to predators (less than 8 mm SL) there was little or no benefit from dilution with larger young. However, as the young grew, the benefit of dilution with larger fry increased (Fig. 2).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002650050200
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tetrodotoxin suppresses morphological enhancement of the metastatic MAT-LyLu rat prostate cancer cell line (1999)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 295 (1999), S. 505-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Voltage-gated Na+ channels ; Dunning cells ; Prostate cancer ; Morphology ; Tetrodotoxin ; Rat (Copenhagen)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Voltage-gated Na+ channels are expressed by highly metastatic MAT-LyLu cells, but not by poorly metastatic AT-2 cells, derived from the rodent Dunning model of prostatic cancer. We have investigated the possible involvement of these channels in the morphological development of the cells. Incubation of both the MAT-LyLu and the AT-2 cell line for 24 h with the Na+ channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX) at 6 μM altered the morphology only of the MAT-LyLu cell line. TTX produced significant decreases in: (a) cell process length and (b) field diameter, and increases in (c) cell body diameter and (d) process thickness. Importantly, 6 μM TTX had no significant effects on proliferation rates or cellular toxicity. The results suggest that Na+ channel activity plays a significant role in determining the morphological development of MAT-LyLu cells in such a way as to enhance their metastatic potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051256
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of a novel metastatic orthotopic model of human neuroblastoma in immunodeficient mice (2000)
    Springer
    Clinical & experimental metastasis 18 (2000), S. 455-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7276
    Keywords: invasion ; magnetic resonance imaging ; metastasis ; neuroblastoma ; orthotopic model ; surgical orthotopic implantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neuroblastoma is the second most common solid tumor in children. So far few tumor models for this cancer have been reported in mice. We have created a murine tumor model for studying human neuroblastoma based on surgical orthotopic implantation in scid mice. Small fragments of subcutaneous tumors of SK-N-BE(2) human neuroblastoma cells expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein were surgically implanted near the left adrenal gland of scid mice. One hundred percent of the animals (n=21) successfully implanted developed a large retroperitoneal tumor and became moribund between 22 and 57 days after implantation (mean survival time = 41 days). At the time of sacrifice the presence of bone marrow metastasis was detected by RT-PCR for green fluorescent protein in 95% of the cases. The growth of small tumor implants could be easily visualized and quantified by surveillance MR imaging, with a resolution of 117×117×750 μm in two orthogonal planes allowing accurate volume measurements, as well as assessment of necrosis and tissue invasion. This novel model should be a valuable tool to study the biology and therapeutic approaches to neuroblastoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011827122126
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A survey of renal function in outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis (1988)
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 7 (1988), S. 267-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Keywords: Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs ; Renal Disease ; Rheumatoid Arthritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The acute renal side-effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are well documented. These include interstitial nephritis, hyperkalaemia, renal tubular acidosis, fluid retention, hypertension and nephrotic syndrome. The long-term effects are less well known. We have carried out a cross-sectional survey of an unselected out-patient population with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis to determine the prevalence of renal problems in this group. Thirty-four patients (20%) were shown to have an abnormality as defined by our criteria but in the majority this was transient or had been previously recognised. Thirteen patients (8%) had a persistent unexplained abnormality but only 1 had merited renal biopsy using established criteria (Patient 1). We conclude that the long-term use of NSAID's is associated with relatively few renal side-effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02204466
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survival of microorganisms in a simulated Martian environment (1971)
    Springer
    Origins of life and evolution of the biospheres 3 (1971), S. 12-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0875
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Studies were conducted to determine the effects of a simulated Martian environment on the survival of terrestrial microorganisms. Mariner IV data were utilized to establish the Martian model. Day/night cycling, temperature, humidity, pressure, atmospheric constituents and solar irradiation were controlled in a 3600 ft3 simulation chamber at the Boeing Kent Space Simulation Laboratory. Microorganisms used in this study included suspensions of:Bacillus subtilis var.niger spores, a psychrophilic sporeformer, and the organisms contained in a soil emulsion prepared from several soils. Aliquots of each suspension were placed on separate sterile stainless steel planchets, air dried, and positioned in 4 layers in sterile limonite. One-half of the samples placed on the surface received the total solar spectrum (0.44 earth solar constants); the remainder of the surface samples received the above treatment minus the ultraviolet (UV) portion of the spectrum. Subsurface samples were placed in limonite at depths of 0.5, 1.5 and 3 in. Survival data were obtained for chamber exposure periods of 2, 4, and 8 days. These data indicate that: (1) organisms exposed to the total solar spectrum did not survive, (2) a time dependent, 1 to 3 log, reduction in numbers occurred in the surface samples that received the solar spectrum minus UV, and (3) subsurface survival varied with depth and type or organism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00924210
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