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  • 11
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    Comparative analysis of bacteria associated with different mosses by 16S rRNA and 16S rDNA sequencing (2016)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-13
    Description: To understand the differences of the bacteria associated with different mosses, a phylogenetic study of bacterial communities in three mosses was carried out based on 16S rDNA and 16S rRNA sequencing. The mosses used were Hygroamblystegium noterophilum , Entodon compressus and Grimmia montana , representing hygrophyte, shady plant and xerophyte, respectively. In total, the operational taxonomic units (OTUs), richness and diversity were different regardless of the moss species and the library level. All the examined 1183 clones were assigned to 248 OTUs, 56 genera were assigned in rDNA libraries and 23 genera were determined at the rRNA level. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were considered as the most dominant phyla in all the libraries, whereas abundant Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria were detected in the rDNA library of Entodon compressus and approximately 24.7% clones were assigned to Candidate division TM7 in Grimmia montana at rRNA level. The heatmap showed the bacterial profiles derived from rRNA and rDNA were partly overlapping. However, the principle component analysis of all the profiles derived from rDNA showed sharper differences between the different mosses than that of rRNA-based profiles. This suggests that the metabolically active bacterial compositions in different mosses were more phylogenetically similar and the differences of the bacteria associated with different mosses were mainly detected at the rDNA level. Obtained results clearly demonstrate that combination of 16S rDNA and 16S rRNA sequencing is preferred approach to have a good understanding on the constitution of the microbial communities in mosses.
    Print ISSN: 0233-111X
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4028
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 12
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    Isolation and Characterization of Secondary Metabolites from Rhododendron microphyton (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: Four new iridoids, incarvoids D–F ( 1 – 3 , resp.) and incarvoid B 9- O - β - D -glucopyranoside ( 4 ), and one new monoterpenoid, argutoid B ( 5 ), along with 14 known compounds, were isolated from Rhododendron microphyton. Their structures were established by comprehensive 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic analysis.
    Print ISSN: 0018-019X
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2675
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 13
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    Expression of FGF4 mRNA is mediated by mating behaviours in mice (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2012-11-22
    Description: In mammals, breeding is preceded by species-specific mating behaviours. In this study, we investigated whether parthenogenetic embryo quality could be improved by mating behaviours in mice. To investigate this hypothesis, female mice were mated with vasectomized Kunming white male mice after superovulation. Oocytes were collected and counted at 16 h after superovulation. The oocytes were then artificially activated by medium containing 10 mM strontium chloride and 5 µg/ml cytochalasin B. Blastocysts were obtained by cultivating activated oocytes in vitro . Expression levels of reprogramming transcription factors (i.e. Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc ) in oocytes, apoptosis-related genes (i.e. Bax, Bcl2 and c-Myc) in cumulus cells and pluripotency-related transcription factors (i.e. Oct4, Nanog and FGF4 ) in blastocysts were analysed in samples collected from mated and unmated mice. Additionally, developmental competence of parthenogenetic embryos was used to assess following fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) treatment. The results showed that the formation rate of blastocysts in unmated mice was significantly higher than that in mated mice ( p  〈 0.05). Embryo development was primarily blocked at the eight-cell stage in mated mice; however, the blastocyst formation rate did not differ significantly between groups after the addition of 25 ng/ml FGF4 to the medium at the four-cell stage ( p  〉 0.05). Moreover, the expression of the reprogramming factor Sox2 was significantly different in oocytes collected from mated versus unmated mice. Taken together, our results demonstrated that mating behaviours influenced embryonic development in vitro by decreasing FGF4 expression. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Print ISSN: 0263-6484
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-0844
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 14
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    Oral vaccination with inhibin DNA delivered using attenuated Salmonella choleraesuis for improving reproductive traits in mice (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2013-10-05
    Description: The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of a novel inhibin vaccine containing inhibin α (1–32) fragments in mice. A recombinant plasmid pVAX-asd-IS was constructed by inserting recombinant inhibin α (1–32) and the hepatitis B surface antigen S into the plasmid in which the asd gene, rather than the kanamycin gene, was a selection marker. Ninety Kuming mice were divided into six groups consisting of 15 mice each. First group was (C1) injected with 200 µl of PBS, second (C2) received 1 × 10 10 CFU of crp − / asd − C500/pVAX-asd and served as vector control, third did not receive any treatment (C3), while fourth, fifth, and sixth group received 1 × 10 10 , 1 × 10 9 , 1 × 10 8 CFU of the recombinant inhibin vaccine crp − / asd − C500/pVAX-asd-IS (group T1, T2, T3), respectively. Western blotting demonstrated that recombinant expressed inhibin protein possessed immune function and that this plasmid could replicate for up to 40 generations stably. Vaccination with this strain at a dose of 1 × 10 10 CFU/200 µl per mouse induced high anti-inhibin antibody levels, significantly increased large-follicle production in T1 group ( p  〈 0.05) and average litter size ( p  〉 0.05) compared with control groups. Integration studies showed no evidence of inhibin fusion gene integrated into mice's genome 2-month after immunization. These results suggest that the vaccine described in the present study may provide a safe method to improve reproductive traits in animals. A trend towards increased litter size and significant increase in large follicle population depict that this vaccine may have direct application in large animal industry.
    Print ISSN: 0233-111X
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4028
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 15
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    Genetic research and structural dysplasia assessment of anorectal malformations in neonatal male rats induced by di(n-butyl) phthalate (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-13
    Description: ABSTRACT This study was the first to investigate the genetic abnormalities and structural dysplasia of anorectal malformations (ARMs) in male rats induced by di( n -butyl) phthalate (DBP). DBP was administered to timed-pregnant rats to establish the ARM rat model. The incidence of ARMs in male offspring was 39.5%. In neonatal period, decreased body weight and anogenital distance were observed. The general image and histological analysis of male offspring confirmed the presence of ARMs. Anatomical examination of the ARM male rats revealed the dysplasia in solid organs (heart-lung, liver, spleen, and kidney). The decreases of serum testosterone concentration and androgen receptor expression in terminal rectum were indicative of the antiandrogenic effects of DBP. Moreover, significant decreased mRNA expressions of these androgen-related genes such as sonic hedgehog, Gli2, Gli3, bone morphogenetic protein 4, Wnt5a, Hoxa13, Hoxd13, fibroblast growth factor 10, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 were found in terminal rectum of the ARM male pubs. These results demonstrated that development of ARM rats was impaired by maternal exposure to DBP. The antiandrogenic effects of DBP disturbing the androgen-related signaling networks might play an important role in the occurrence of ARMs. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2014.
    Print ISSN: 1520-4081
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-7278
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 16
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    A New Triterpene and Phenolic Compounds from the Roots of Pteroxygonum giraldii (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2012-01-19
    Description: A chemical investigation of the roots of Pteroxygonum giraldii led to the isolation of a new arborane-type triterpene, pteroxygonumnol A ( 1 ), a new myricetin glycoside, myricetin 3- O - β - D -galactopyranoside 3′- O - β - D -xylopyranoside ( 2 ), and a group of phenolic lipids, 3 – 6 , along with four known phenolic compounds, (−)-epigallocatechin, (−)-epigallocatechin gallate, gallic acid, and 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses.
    Print ISSN: 0018-019X
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2675
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 17
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    Synthesis, Structure, Photoluminescence and Thermal Properties of Sodium Ethene-Bis-Nitrobenzenesulfonate (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2012-08-25
    Description: Abstract. Sodium ethene-bis-nitrobenzenesulfonate, [Na 2 (ENS) · 6H 2 O] n ( 1 ) was synthesized through coupling reaction of o -nitrotoluenesulfonic acid in NaOH solution and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR and 1 H NMR spectroscopy, XRPD, DSC and TGA (where ENS 2– = ethene-bis-nitrobenzenesulfonate). The asymmetrical unit of ( 1 ) consists of two octahedral Na I ions, and the neighboring metal centers are bridged by μ 2 water molecules resulting in the formation of an inorganic tetranuclear unit. The tetranuclear units were connected through the ENS 2– ligands into a 2D topology net. The weak π–π stacking and H-bonding interactions further stabilized the structure. The crystals of (C 7 H 6 NO 5 S) – · (H 5 O 2 ) + ( 2 ) were obtained by post-processing the unreacted raw material to recycle. Furthermore, the rigidity and the conjugation effect of the aromatic system in compound 1 were increased through the coordination interactions of metal atoms to ligands, resulting in the emission coming from ligand enhanced with red-shifting about 9 nm of the maximal wavelength. The conjugation effects and the steric arrangement of the substituent groups play the main role to the luminescence intensity and red-shift effect.
    Print ISSN: 0044-2313
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-3749
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 18
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    Evollionines A–C, Three New Alkaloids Isolated from the Fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-19
    Description: A phytochemical study of the CHCl 3 extract of the dried unripe fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa ( Juss. ) Benth. (Rutaceae) resulted in the isolation of three new alkaloids, evollionines A–C ( 1 – 3 , resp.), together with two known compounds, evodianinine and wuzhuyumide I. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic evidence and confirmed in the case of compound 1 by single-crystal X-ray analysis.
    Print ISSN: 0018-019X
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2675
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 19
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    Optimal implicit staggered-grid finite-difference schemes based on the sampling approximation method for seismic modelling (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2015-10-02
    Description: ABSTRACT We propose new implicit staggered-grid finite-difference schemes with optimal coefficients based on the sampling approximation method to improve the numerical solution accuracy for seismic modelling. We first derive the optimized implicit staggered-grid finite-difference coefficients of arbitrary even-order accuracy for the first-order spatial derivatives using the plane-wave theory and the direct sampling approximation method. Then, the implicit staggered-grid finite-difference coefficients based on sampling approximation, which can widen the range of wavenumber with great accuracy, are used to solve the first-order spatial derivatives. By comparing the numerical dispersion of the implicit staggered-grid finite-difference schemes based on sampling approximation, Taylor series expansion, and least squares, we find that the optimal implicit staggered-grid finite-difference scheme based on sampling approximation achieves greater precision than that based on Taylor series expansion over a wider range of wavenumbers, although it has similar accuracy to that based on least squares. Finally, we apply the implicit staggered-grid finite difference based on sampling approximation to numerical modelling. The modelling results demonstrate that the new optimal method can efficiently suppress numerical dispersion and lead to greater accuracy compared with the implicit staggered-grid finite difference based on Taylor series expansion. In addition, the results also indicate the computational cost of the implicit staggered-grid finite difference based on sampling approximation is almost the same as the implicit staggered-grid finite difference based on Taylor series expansion.
    Print ISSN: 0016-8025
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2478
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 20
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    Effect of shear stress on deoiling of oil-contaminated catalysts in a hydrocyclone (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2015-12-22
    Description: Shear stress provided by a hydrocyclone was employed to remove the oil from oil-contaminated catalysts. Understanding the deoiling mechanism and providing quantitative analysis of the interaction between shear stress fields and deoiling are necessary to improve deoiling efficiency. In this study, a numerical simulation was conducted for the velocity field and shear stress field of a hydrocyclone, both of which are difficult to measure using other methods. Results showed that the shear stress field in the wall layer, where oil-contaminated catalysts are usually located, was robust. Increasing inlet flow rates resulted in a higher shear rate distribution along the wall layer. Numerical results were also compared with the experimental data. In the deoiling process, higher shear stress rates promoted faster transport of oil from catalysts into the fluid, thereby increasing the deoiling efficiency. Deoiling by the shear stress of a hydrocyclone is an efficient method for cleaning oil-contaminated catalysts within a short period of time.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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