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  • 11
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    TRAF6 participates in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats through inhibiting autophagy and promoting oxidative stress (2017)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-26
    Description: Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is a member of the TRAF family and an important multifunctional intracellular adaptin of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily and toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) superfamily. TRAF6 has been studied in several central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases, but its role in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has not been fully illustrated. This study was designed to explore changes of expression level and potential roles and mechanisms of TRAF6 in early brain injury (EBI) after SAH by using a Sprague–Dawley rat model of SAH induced in 0.3 ml non-heparinized autologous arterial blood injected into the prechiasmatic cistern. First, compared with the sham group, we found that the expression levels of TRAF6 increased gradually and peaked at 24 h after SAH. Second, the results showed that application of TRAF6 overexpression plasmid and genetic silencing siRNA could increase or decrease expression of TRAF6, respectively, and severely exacerbate or relieve EBI after SAH, including neuronal death, brain edema, and blood brain barrier (BBB) injury. Meanwhile, the levels of autophagy and oxidative stress were reduced and increased separately. Finally, GFP-TRAF6-C70A, which is a TRAF6 mutant that lacks E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, was used to explore the mechanism of TRAF6 in SAH, and the results showed that EBI and oxidative stress were reduced, but the levels of autophagy were increased under this condition. Collectively, these results indicated that TRAF6 affected the degree of EBI after SAH by inhibiting autophagy and promoting oxidative stress. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0022-3042
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-4159
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The International Society for Neurochemistry.
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  • 12
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    Randomized clinical control study of locoregional therapy combined with arsenic trioxide for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In: Cancer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-30
    Description: BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of locoregional therapy (LRT) combined with arsenic trioxide (As 2 O 3 ) treatment in primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. METHODS One hundred twenty-five primary HCC patients were recruited for a randomized controlled study. Patients were randomly divided into group A (n = 61) and group B (n = 64). All patients received transarterial chemoembolization. Group A patients were given As 2 O 3 at 10 mg/d for 4 courses (21 days per course) with a 2-week interval between courses. Survival times, therapeutic responses, extrahepatic metastases, and adverse events were recorded. RESULTS A better therapeutic response was found in group A patients, as shown by higher objective response rate (ORR) and clinical benefit rate (CBR) values in group A versus group B (ORR, 81.96% [95% confidence interval (CI), 72.32%-91.62%] vs 59.37% [95% CI, 47.34%-71.41%], χ 2  = 7.650, P  〈 .05; CBR, 95.08% [95% CI, 89.66%-100.00%] vs 81.25% [95% CI, 71.69%-90.81%], χ 2  = 5.659, P  〈 .05). There were fewer patients with extrahepatic metastases in group A versus group B (group A, 6 cases or 9.84% [95% CI, 2.36%-17.31%]; group B, 12 cases or 18.75% [95% CI, 9.19%-28.31%]). The survival rate for group A patients was significantly higher than that for group B patients ( P  〈 .05). No significant differences were found between the 2 groups in terms of hematology or digestive system, liver, or kidney dysfunction except for facial and limb edema. CONCLUSIONS LRT combined with As 2 O 3 treatment prevents extrahepatic metastasis and prolongs the survival time for primary HCC patients. Cancer 2015. © 2015 American Cancer Society .
    Print ISSN: 0008-543X
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0142
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Cancer Society.
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  • 13
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    Reaction Mechanism and Kinetics for Hydrolytic Dehydrogenation of Ammonia Borane on a Pt/CNT Catalyst (2016)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-26
    Description: A reaction mechanism is proposed for hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane on a Pt/CNT catalyst. A combination of thermodynamic analysis and FTIR measurement reveals that B-containing byproducts are mainly in the form of an NH 4 B(OH) 4 -B(OH) 3 mixture rather than NH 4 BO 2 reported previously. The revised main reaction is NH 3 BH 3 +4H 2 O NH 4 + +B(OH) 4 - +3H 2 , involving the B-H, B-N and O-H bond cleavages. Isotopic experiments using D 2 O instead of H 2 O as reactant or introducing D 2 into the reaction atmosphere suggest the O-H bond cleavage being in the rate-determining step, and an unfavorable occurrence of the chemisorbed H 2 O dissociation (i.e., the direct O-H bond cleavage), respectively. Different reaction pathways with indirect O-H bond cleavages are analyzed, and then NH 3 BH 2 *+H 2 O* NH 3 BH 2 (OH)*+H* is suggested as the rate-determining step. Subsequently, a Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model is developed, which fits well with the experimental data. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0001-1541
    Electronic ISSN: 1547-5905
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
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  • 14
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    RIG-I antiviral signaling drives interleukin-23 production and psoriasis-like skin disease (2017)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2017-04-05
    Description: Retinoic acid inducible-gene I (RIG-I) functions as one of the major sensors of RNA viruses. DDX58 , which encodes the RIG-I protein, has been newly identified as a susceptibility gene in psoriasis. Here, we show that the activation of RIG-I by 5′ppp-dsRNA, its synthetic ligand, directly causes the production of IL-23 and triggers psoriasis-like skin disease in mice. Repeated injections of IL-23 to the ears failed to induce IL-23 production and a full psoriasis-like skin phenotype, in either germ-free or RIG-I-deficient mice. RIG-I is also critical for a full development of skin inflammation in imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like mouse model. Furthermore, RIG-I-mediated endogenous IL-23 production was mainly confined to the CD11c + dendritic cells (DCs) via nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling, and stimulated RIG-I expression in an auto-regulatory feedback loop. Thus, our data suggest that the dysregulation in the antiviral immune responses of hosts through the innate pattern recognition receptors may trigger the skin inflammatory conditions in the pathophysiology of psoriasis. In predisposed individuals, virus infection triggers TLR-7/8 and/or RIG-I signaling, subsequently induces IL-23 in CD11c + DCs and mutations in certain genes resulting in impaired regulation of NF-κB proinflammatory activity, thereby leading to psoriasis.
    Print ISSN: 1757-4676
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-4684
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO).
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  • 15
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    Promotion of Cell Growth and Adhesion of a Peptide Hydrogel Scaffold via mTOR/Cadherin Signaling (2017)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-19
    Description: Understanding neurite outgrowth, orientation, and migration is important for the design of biomaterials that interface with the neural tissue. However, the molecular signaling alternations have not been well elucidated to explain the impact of hydrogels on cell morphology. In our previous studies, a silk fibroin peptide (SF16) hydrogel was found to be an effective matrix for the viability, morphology and proliferation of PC12 rat pheocrhomocytoma cells. We found that PC12 cells in the peptide hydrogel exhibited adhesive morphology compared to those cultured in agarose or collagen. Moreover, we identified that cell adhesion molecules (E- and N-cadherin) controlled by mTOR signaling were highly induced in PC12 cells cultured in the SF16 peptide hydrogel. Our findings suggest that the SF16 peptide might be suitable to be a cell-adhesion material in cell culture or tissue engineering, and mTOR/cadherin signaling is required for the cell adhesion in the SF16-peptide hydrogel. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-4652
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 16
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    External morphology of trichogramma dendrolimi matsumura (hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) organ and ultrastructure of the sensilla (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-07-07
    Description: In this article, we described the ultrastructure of the sensilla on the antenna, eyes, mouthparts, wings, legs, and external genitalia of female and male Trichogramma dendrolimi using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antenna possessed the most sensilla types. We found 13 types of sensilla on female antenna, which were trichoid sensilla (TS) type 1-4, chaetica sensilla (ChS) type 1-2, campaniform sensilla (CaS), falcate sensilla, placoid sensilla (PS) type 1-2, basiconic capitate peg sensilla (BCPS) type 1, coeloconic sensilla (CoS), and styloconic sensilla. Ten types of sensilla were found on the male antenna, some were the same as that on female T. dendrolimi antenna, such as TS types 1 and 3, CaS, PS type 1, BCPS type 1, and CoS, but TS types 5 and 6, ChS type 3, and BCPS 2 were specific to male T. dendrolimi antenna. The leg possesses eight types of sensilla and a kind of tympana structure. Four types of TSs were found on the wings. On the mouthparts, sensilla on the maxillary and labial palps were unique, including two TSs and one ChS. The ovipositor possesses three types of sensilla, and the copulatory organ possesses two types. The eyes had only one kind of TS. Furthermore, external morphology of antenna and external genitalia revealed distinct sexual dimorphisms. According to their morphology, the possible functions of these sensilla were discussed. These results may further our understanding of the sensory mechanisms of T. dendrolimi in response to infochemicals within the environment. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Print ISSN: 1059-910X
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0029
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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