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  • Springer  (49)
  • The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz 42 (1999), S. 389-401 
    ISSN: 1437-1588
    Keywords: SchlüsselwörterVirusbedingte hämorrhagische Fieber (Ebola Marburg ; Lassa ; Krim-Kongo) ; Pest ; Seuchenhygiene ; Quarantäne ; Internationale Gesundheitsvorschriften ; Reisemedizin ; Tropenkrankheiten ; Emerging diseases ; öffentlicher Gesundheitsdienst ; Zivilmilitärische Zusammenarbeit ; Key words Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers (Ebola-Marburg Viral Diseases ; Lassa Fever ; Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever) ; Pneumonic Plague ; Control of Epidemics ; Quarantine ; International Health Regulations ; Travelling Medicine ; Tropical Diseases ; Emerging Diseases ; Public Health (Services) ; Civilian-Military Co-operation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary At present, the importation into Germany of life-threatening and highly contagious diseases such as pneumonic plague and Ebola is unlikely, but cannot be ruled out. In spite of the extreme rarity of these diseases, guidelines are necessary to prevent the spread of these agents in case of their importation. In Germany, marked regional differences exist with respect to the development of emergency regulations and the availability of specialized centers for diagnostics and therapy. A federal framework is missing. A concept is presented here in which the capacity to respond is substantially augmented with limited additional cost through inter-regional cooperation using existing infrastructure and federally standardized procedures.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein Einschleppen lebensbedrohender und zugleich hochkontagiöser Infektionskrankheiten wie Lungenpest oder Ebola-Fieber nach Deutschland erscheint zur Zeit nicht sehr wahrscheinlich, ist aber grundsätzlich nicht auszuschließen. Gerade wegen der Seltenheit des Auftretens einer solchen Erkrankung sind jedoch auch hierzulande Handlungsrichtlinien notwendig, um gegebenenfalls einer Verbreitung entgegenzuwirken. Die Entwicklung konkreter Schutzvorkehrungen und Handlungsalgorithmen sowie das Vorhalten geeigneter Diagnostik- und Behandlungseinrichtungen ist in den einzelnen Regionen Deutschlands sehr unterschiedlich ausgeprägt. Ein bundesweiter Rahmenplan fehlt. Der vorliegende Konzeptentwurf zeigt, wie die Vorsorge mit vertretbarem finanziellen Mehraufwand durch eine gemeinsame überregionale Nutzung der z. T. vorhandenen Infrastruktur und durch eine Vereinbarung bundeseinheitlicher Vorgehensweisen wesentlich verbessert werden kann.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We discuss the fabrication process and characteristics of three consecutive runs of double-fused 1.5-μm vertical-cavity lasers. We have measured light-current characteristics of over three hundred lasers with ten different diameters between 6 and 60 μm and observe a yield of over 95%. The process and design improvements resulted in a low pulsed threshold current of 3 mA on a number of 6- and 8-μm-diameter devices and threshold current density of 2 kA cm−2 on 60-μm-diameter devices at room temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 32 (1976), S. 264-266 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A method is described for axonal cobalt-staining of peripheral nerve branches. First experiments were carried out on abdominal muscles of the locust.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1437-1588
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Tropenkrankheiten ; Virale hämorrhagische Fieber ; Lassa-Fieber ; Infektionsschutz ; Quarantäne ; BSL4 ; Seuchenhygiene ; Öffentliches Gesundheitswesen ; Rettungswesen ; Krankentransport ; Krankenpflege ; Schutzkleidung ; Kontaktpersonen ; Keywords Tropical Diseases ; Viral Haemorrhagic Fever ; Lassa-Fever ; Epidemic Control ; Preparedness Plans ; Quarantine ; BSL4 ; Patient Isolation ; Barrier Nursing ; Protective Equipment ; Contact Tracing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Patients infected with viral haemorrhagic fevers (VHF), pneumonic plague or zoonotic orthopoxvirus infections usually require intensive care and a special isolation. Contact persons must be traced and monitored. Last year our working group published a concept for the management and control of these life-threatening highly contagious diseases. Now the principles of our plan have been accepted. The development of guidelines for rapid reaction to those communicable diseases is an important task for all EU Member States. In Germany microbiological diagnosis is performed by a diagnostic centre (Biosafety-Level BSL4) and supported by a corresponding confirmation laboratory. At present four high security infectious disease units for patient care (HSIU) are available in Munich, Leipzig, Hamburg and Berlin. Another one located in Frankfurt will be functional by 2001. In addition to the HSIU a corresponding number of centres of competence shall be established in order to support and advise the hospitals initially treating the patients as well as the local public health officer. The risk categorisation for contact persons, which has been developed by our working group, has proved to be very useful in practice. Ambulances should be used for transfer of patients to the HSIU. So-called transport-isolators are not suitable for patients who are seriously ill. Air-based transport without using an isolator is a problem, since no decontamination procedure exists. As soon as the last HSIU in the Rhine Main area is working the centres of competence will be established. This will provide competent health care for VHF-patients and a convincing management for these kinds of threats to public health everywhere in Germany.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Verschiedene virusbedingte hämorrhagische Fieber (VHF), Pocken (humane Affenpocken) sowie Lungenpest erfordern besondere Maßnahmen zum Schutz des Krankenhauspersonals und anderer Personen vor Ansteckung. Kontaktpersonen müssen ermittelt und überwacht werden, um eine Ausbreitung zu verhindern. Ein im Mai 1999 veröffentlichtes Konzept zum Management und zur Kontrolle dieser lebensbedrohenden hochkontagiösen Infektionskrankheiten wurde inzwischen mit Fachöffentlichkeit und Gesundheitsbehörden diskutiert. Bei den zwischenzeitlich aufgetretenen Fällen bestätigte sich das vorgeschlagene Vorgehen : In Deutschland werden die mikrobiologische Diagnostik und Differentialdiagnostik zentral von einem Zentrum der biologischen Sicherheitsstufe BSL4 und einem entsprechenden Bestätigungslabor vorgenommen. Für Isolierung und klinische Behandlung der Patienten stehen vier Behandlungszentren zur Verfügung, ein fünftes soll im nächsten Jahr betriebsbereit sein. Die zunehmende Inanspruchnahme zeigt, dass sich die vorgesehene Schwerpunktversorgung durchsetzt. Handelsübliche Transportisolatoren sind für schwer kranke Personen nicht geeignet. Ohne deren Verwendung können Luftfahrzeuge jedoch nicht regelrecht dekontaminiert werden. Transporte sollen daher grundsätzlich auf dem Landweg erfolgen. Zur Unterstützung und Beratung der erstversorgenden Krankenhäuser und der örtlich zuständigen Amtsärzte sollen um die Behandlungszentren sog. Kompetenzzentren entstehen. Der Personal- und Platzbedarf bei der Versorgung eines an einem VHF Erkrankten in fortgeschrittenem Stadium ist höher als erwartet. Die adäquate Versorgung von Kranken in sog. Bettisolatoren ist nicht möglich. Routinelaboruntersuchungen müssen in der Behandlungseinheit erfolgen. Maßnahmen zur Verhinderung der Weiterverbreitung müssen stärker koordiniert werden. Die von uns vorgeschlagene Einteilung der Kontaktpersonen wird um eine Auflistung der empfohlenen Maßnahmen ergänzt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: HIV infection ; Cytomegalovirus encephalitis ; Treatment ; Foscarnet ; Ganciclovir
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cytomegalovirus (CMV) causes life-threatening disseminated infections and in particular vision-threatening infections of the retina in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ganciclovir currently represents the most frequently used therapy for CMV retinitis. However, cases of ganciclovir-resistant CMV strains have been described, in which foscarnet seems to be an effective alternative. Both drugs have serious toxicities, and relapses frequently occur during maintenance therapy. In a patient with CMV encephalitis, we administered a 3-week combination ganciclovir/foscarnet induction therapy (ganciclovir 5 mg/kg every 12 h; foscarnet 60 mg/kg every 8 h), followed by an alternating maintenance administration of both drugs every other day (ganciclovir 5 mg/kg, foscarnet 120 mg/kg) to reduce toxicity and resistance. This regimen was tolerated well and seemed to be more effective than ganciclovir alone in a patient with CMV encephalitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 71 (1993), S. 875-881 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Acute hepatic failure ; Liver transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Keywords: Esophageal stenosis ; Esophageal diverticula ; Esophagitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A case of intramural esophageal pseudodiverticulosis in a five-year-old with a 16-year follow up is presented.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 68 (1994), S. 43-48 
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Hemolytic-uremic syndrome Fibrinolysis ; Plasminogen activators ; Plasminogen activator inhibitor ; Endothelial cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thrombotic obstruction of glomerular capillaries causes acute renal failure in patients with hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). Recanalization of occluded vessels normally occurs by activation of the endogenous fibrinolytic system, mediated by plasminogen activators, which are stored and synthesized in the endothelial cells. However, endothelial injury is considered the primary event in the pathogenesis of HUS, and this may result in impaired fibrinolysis. In five children with HUS we performed a prospective study of plasminogen activator activity and two plasminogen activator antigens: tissue-type plasminogen activator and urokinase-type plasminogen activator before and after intravenous desmopressin. Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 antigen was also studied. In the acute stage of HUS plasminogen activating activity was low, in spite of elevated levels of total plasminogen activator antigens. This decrease of plasminogen activating activity was due to high levels of the plasminogen activator inhibitor. Improvement of fibrinolysis paralleled recovery from HUS. We conclude that decreased fibrinolysis is an important pathophysiologic feature of HUS.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 39 (1988), S. 74-84 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary The Squall Lines are the most important convective systems of the West African Sahel region yielding precipitation during the summer months mainly from June to September. The composite method is used to show the average structure of the continental Squall Lines observed during the WA-MEX period July 1979. Composite fields of flow and moisture are produced of the areas within the Squall Lines as well as of their environment to show the coupling between both the Squall Lines and the larger scales features such as the African Easterly Jet, the Easterly Waves and the Monsoon Front. The Squall Lines are preferably situated west of the Easterly Wave trough whereas the area east of the trough mostly is Squall Line free. Here the northward directed water vapour flux into the Sahel region is enhanced. Furthermore, north-ward moisture transport occurs north of the Squall Lines. The water vapour of both fluxes from the south as well as the water vapours available from intensive local evaporation in the Squall Line free space are then incorporated in the subsequent Squall Lines and thus provide the Sahel région with the essential rains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 38 (1988), S. 153-163 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary Composites of synoptic reports and wind observations in a coordinate system moving with the squall lines over the WAMEX area in June 1979 allow us to show the average structure of the airflow, the moisture and temperature fields in the synoptic scale environment of West African continental squall lines. The monsoon front, the African Easterly Jet, the easterly waves, and the squall lines interact and produce the observed air flow patterns. The results of the composite enalysis reveal a northward surge of the monsoonal air masses in the rear of the squall lines thus providing favorable conditions for the generation of new squall lines.
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