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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Sensory Modality-Independent Activation of the Brain Network for Language
    Society for Neuroscience ; 2020
    In:  The Journal of Neuroscience Vol. 40, No. 14 ( 2020-04-01), p. 2914-2924
    Details
    In: The Journal of Neuroscience, Society for Neuroscience, Vol. 40, No. 14 ( 2020-04-01), p. 2914-2924
    Abstract: The meaning of a sentence can be understood, whether presented in written or spoken form. Therefore, it is highly probable that brain processes supporting language comprehension are at least partly independent of sensory modality. To identify where and when in the brain language processing is independent of sensory modality, we directly compared neuromagnetic brain signals of 200 human subjects (102 males) either reading or listening to sentences. We used multiset canonical correlation analysis to align individual subject data in a way that boosts those aspects of the signal that are common to all, allowing us to capture word-by-word signal variations, consistent across subjects and at a fine temporal scale. Quantifying this consistency in activation across both reading and listening tasks revealed a mostly left-hemispheric cortical network. Areas showing consistent activity patterns included not only areas previously implicated in higher-level language processing, such as left prefrontal, superior and middle temporal areas, and anterior temporal lobe, but also parts of the control network as well as subcentral and more posterior temporal-parietal areas. Activity in this supramodal sentence-processing network starts in temporal areas and rapidly spreads to the other regions involved. The findings indicate not only the involvement of a large network of brain areas in supramodal language processing but also that the linguistic information contained in the unfolding sentences modulates brain activity in a word-specific manner across subjects. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The brain can extract meaning from written and spoken messages alike. This requires activity of both brain circuits capable of processing sensory modality-specific aspects of the input signals as well as coordinated brain activity to extract modality-independent meaning from the input. Using traditional methods, it is difficult to disentangle modality-specific activation from modality-independent activation. In this work, we developed and applied a multivariate methodology that allows for a direct quantification of sensory modality-independent brain activity, revealing fast activation of a wide network of brain areas, both including and extending beyond the core network for language.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0270-6474 , 1529-2401
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2271-19.2020
    Language: English
    Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475274-8
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Delta-Band Neural Responses to Individual Words Are Modulated by Sentence Processing
    Society for Neuroscience ; 2023
    In:  The Journal of Neuroscience Vol. 43, No. 26 ( 2023-06-28), p. 4867-4883
    Details
    In: The Journal of Neuroscience, Society for Neuroscience, Vol. 43, No. 26 ( 2023-06-28), p. 4867-4883
    Abstract: To understand language, we need to recognize words and combine them into phrases and sentences. During this process, responses to the words themselves are changed. In a step toward understanding how the brain builds sentence structure, the present study concerns the neural readout of this adaptation. We ask whether low-frequency neural readouts associated with words change as a function of being in a sentence. To this end, we analyzed an MEG dataset by Schoffelen et al. (2019) of 102 human participants (51 women) listening to sentences and word lists, the latter lacking any syntactic structure and combinatorial meaning. Using temporal response functions and a cumulative model-fitting approach, we disentangled delta- and theta-band responses to lexical information (word frequency), from responses to sensory and distributional variables. The results suggest that delta-band responses to words are affected by sentence context in time and space, over and above entropy and surprisal. In both conditions, the word frequency response spanned left temporal and posterior frontal areas; however, the response appeared later in word lists than in sentences. In addition, sentence context determined whether inferior frontal areas were responsive to lexical information. In the theta band, the amplitude was larger in the word list condition ∼100 milliseconds in right frontal areas. We conclude that low-frequency responses to words are changed by sentential context. The results of this study show how the neural representation of words is affected by structural context and as such provide insight into how the brain instantiates compositionality in language. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Human language is unprecedented in its combinatorial capacity: we are capable of producing and understanding sentences we have never heard before. Although the mechanisms underlying this capacity have been described in formal linguistics and cognitive science, how they are implemented in the brain remains to a large extent unknown. A large body of earlier work from the cognitive neuroscientific literature implies a role for delta-band neural activity in the representation of linguistic structure and meaning. In this work, we combine these insights and techniques with findings from psycholinguistics to show that meaning is more than the sum of its parts; the delta-band MEG signal differentially reflects lexical information inside and outside sentence structures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0270-6474 , 1529-2401
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0964-22.2023
    Language: English
    Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475274-8
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Alpha Oscillations Shape Sensory Representation and Perceptual Sensitivity
    Society for Neuroscience ; 2021
    In:  The Journal of Neuroscience Vol. 41, No. 46 ( 2021-11-17), p. 9581-9592
    Details
    In: The Journal of Neuroscience, Society for Neuroscience, Vol. 41, No. 46 ( 2021-11-17), p. 9581-9592
    Abstract: Alpha activity (8–14 Hz) is the dominant rhythm in the awake brain and is thought to play an important role in setting the internal state of the brain. Previous work has associated states of decreased alpha power with enhanced neural excitability. However, evidence is mixed on whether and how such excitability enhancement modulates sensory signals of interest versus noise differently, and what, if any, are the consequences for subsequent perception. Here, human subjects (male and female) performed a visual detection task in which we manipulated their decision criteria in a blockwise manner. Although our manipulation led to substantial criterion shifts, these shifts were not reflected in prestimulus alpha band changes. Rather, lower prestimulus alpha power in occipital-parietal areas improved perceptual sensitivity and enhanced information content decodable from neural activity patterns. Additionally, oscillatory alpha phase immediately before stimulus presentation modulated accuracy. Together, our results suggest that alpha band dynamics modulate sensory signals of interest more strongly than noise. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The internal state of our brain fluctuates, giving rise to variability in perception and action. Neural oscillations, most prominently in the alpha band, have been suggested to play a role in setting this internal state. Here, we show that ongoing alpha band activity in occipital-parietal regions predicts the quality of visual information decodable in neural activity patterns and subsequently the human observer's sensitivity in a visual detection task. Our results provide comprehensive evidence that visual representation is modulated by ongoing alpha band activity and advance our understanding on how, when faced with unchanging external stimuli, internal neural fluctuations influence perception and behavior.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0270-6474 , 1529-2401
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1114-21.2021
    Language: English
    Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475274-8
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Selective Movement Preparation Is Subserved by Selective Increases in Corticomuscular Gamma-Band Coherence
    Society for Neuroscience ; 2011
    In:  The Journal of Neuroscience Vol. 31, No. 18 ( 2011-05-04), p. 6750-6758
    Details
    In: The Journal of Neuroscience, Society for Neuroscience, Vol. 31, No. 18 ( 2011-05-04), p. 6750-6758
    Abstract: Local groups of neurons engaged in a cognitive task often exhibit rhythmically synchronized activity in the gamma band, a phenomenon that likely enhances their impact on downstream areas. The efficacy of neuronal interactions may be enhanced further by interareal synchronization of these local rhythms, establishing mutually well timed fluctuations in neuronal excitability. This notion suggests that long-range synchronization is enhanced selectively for connections that are behaviorally relevant. We tested this prediction in the human motor system, assessing activity from bilateral motor cortices with magnetoencephalography and corresponding spinal activity through electromyography of bilateral hand muscles. A bimanual isometric wrist extension task engaged the two motor cortices simultaneously into interactions and coherence with their respective corresponding contralateral hand muscles. One of the hands was cued before each trial as the response hand and had to be extended further to report an unpredictable visual go cue. We found that, during the isometric hold phase, corticomuscular coherence was enhanced, spatially selective for the corticospinal connection that was effectuating the subsequent motor response. This effect was spectrally selective in the low gamma-frequency band (40–47 Hz) and was observed in the absence of changes in motor output or changes in local cortical gamma-band synchronization. These findings indicate that, in the anatomical connections between the cortex and the spinal cord, gamma-band synchronization is a mechanism that may facilitate behaviorally relevant interactions between these distant neuronal groups.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0270-6474 , 1529-2401
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4882-10.2011
    Language: English
    Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475274-8
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Time Course of Language Production as Revealed by Pattern Classification of MEG Sensor Data
    Society for Neuroscience ; 2022
    In:  The Journal of Neuroscience Vol. 42, No. 29 ( 2022-07-20), p. 5745-5754
    Details
    In: The Journal of Neuroscience, Society for Neuroscience, Vol. 42, No. 29 ( 2022-07-20), p. 5745-5754
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0270-6474 , 1529-2401
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1923-21.2022
    Language: English
    Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475274-8
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Low-Frequency Oscillations Code Speech during Verbal Working Memory
    Society for Neuroscience ; 2019
    In:  The Journal of Neuroscience Vol. 39, No. 33 ( 2019-08-14), p. 6498-6512
    Details
    In: The Journal of Neuroscience, Society for Neuroscience, Vol. 39, No. 33 ( 2019-08-14), p. 6498-6512
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0270-6474 , 1529-2401
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0018-19.2019
    Language: English
    Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475274-8
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prestimulus Oscillatory Activity in the Alpha Band Predicts Visual Discrimination Ability
    Society for Neuroscience ; 2008
    In:  The Journal of Neuroscience Vol. 28, No. 8 ( 2008-02-20), p. 1816-1823
    Details
    In: The Journal of Neuroscience, Society for Neuroscience, Vol. 28, No. 8 ( 2008-02-20), p. 1816-1823
    Abstract: Although the resting and baseline states of the human electroencephalogram and magnetoencephalogram (MEG) are dominated by oscillations in the alpha band (∼10 Hz), the functional role of these oscillations remains unclear. In this study we used MEG to investigate how spontaneous oscillations in humans presented before visual stimuli modulate visual perception. Subjects had to report if there was a subtle difference in gray levels between two superimposed presented discs. We then compared the prestimulus brain activity for correctly (hits) versus incorrectly (misses) identified stimuli. We found that visual discrimination ability decreased with an increase in prestimulus alpha power. Given that reaction times did not vary systematically with prestimulus alpha power changes in vigilance are not likely to explain the change in discrimination ability. Source reconstruction using spatial filters allowed us to identify the brain areas accounting for this effect. The dominant sources modulating visual perception were localized around the parieto-occipital sulcus. We suggest that the parieto-occipital alpha power reflects functional inhibition imposed by higher level areas, which serves to modulate the gain of the visual stream.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0270-6474 , 1529-2401
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1853-07.2008
    Language: English
    Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475274-8
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Corticospinal Beta-Band Synchronization Entails Rhythmic Gain Modulation
    Society for Neuroscience ; 2010
    In:  The Journal of Neuroscience Vol. 30, No. 12 ( 2010-03-24), p. 4481-4488
    Details
    In: The Journal of Neuroscience, Society for Neuroscience, Vol. 30, No. 12 ( 2010-03-24), p. 4481-4488
    Abstract: Rhythmic synchronization of neurons in the beta or gamma band occurs almost ubiquitously, and this synchronization has been linked to numerous nervous system functions. Many respective studies make the implicit assumption that neuronal synchronization affects neuronal interactions. Indeed, when neurons synchronize, their output spikes reach postsynaptic neurons together, trigger coincidence detection mechanisms, and therefore have an enhanced impact. There is ample experimental evidence demonstrating this consequence of neuronal synchronization, but beyond this, beta/gamma-band synchronization within a group of neurons might also modulate the impact of synaptic input to that synchronized group. This would constitute a separate mechanism through which synchronization affects neuronal interactions, but direct in vivo evidence for this putative mechanism is lacking. Here, we demonstrate that synchronized beta-band activity of a neuronal group modulates the efficacy of synaptic input to that group in-phase with the beta rhythm. This response modulation was not an addition of rhythmic activity onto the average response but a rhythmic modulation of multiplicative input gain. Our results demonstrate that beta-rhythmic activity of a neuronal target group multiplexes input gain along the rhythm cycle. The actual gain of an input then depends on the precision and the phase of its rhythmic synchronization to this target, providing one mechanistic explanation for why synchronization modulates interactions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0270-6474 , 1529-2401
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2794-09.2010
    Language: English
    Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475274-8
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