Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the Editors -- Chapter 1: Overview of Concepts: Education for Sustainable Development and Disaster Risk Reduction -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Evolution of Concept and Mid-Term Progress of Decade -- 1.2.1 Advocacy to Policy Makers -- 1.2.2 Capacity Building -- 1.2.3 Formal Education -- 1.2.4 Non-formal Education -- 1.2.5 Educational Infrastructures -- 1.3 Implication to ESD DRR Linkages -- 1.4 Book Outline -- 1.5 Future Perspectives of ESD DRR -- References -- Chapter 2: Education for Sustainable Development: Trends and Practices -- 2.1 Trend of Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (DESD) -- 2.2 Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (DESD) in Japan -- 2.2.1 ESD and Education Reform in Japan -- 2.2.2 Establish Linkage with Outside for Promoting ESD -- 2.3 Role of Regional Centres of Expertise (RCE) for DESD -- 2.3.1 Regional Centres of Expertise (RCE): Regional ESD Initiative -- 2.3.2 Spreading RCEs Around the World: History of RCEs -- 2.3.3 Core Elements and Functions Toward Goals of RCEs -- 2.3.4 Case of Regional Centres of Expertise (RCE)-RCE Okayama -- 2.3.5 Case of Greater Sendai RCE -- Organization of Elementary, Junior High and High School Partnerships -- Hosting the Kesennuma Round-Table Conference for the Promotion of ESD -- Establishment of Kesennuma RCE Promotion Committee -- Training and Dissemination for Promotion of ESD -- Establishing Vertical, Horizontal and Lateral Links for Whole City ESD Promotion -- 2.4 Role of UNESCO Associated School Network Project (ASPnet) for DESD -- 2.4.1 UNESCO Associated Schools (ASPnet) for Promoting ESD in Japan -- 2.4.2 Characteristic of Japanese UNESCO Associated Schools (ASPnet) -- 2.5 Way Forward -- References -- Chapter 3: Disaster Risk Reduction Education: Issues and Challenges -- 3.1 Introduction. , 3.2 Evolution of Concepts -- 3.3 Examples of Innovations in Risk Reduction Education -- 3.3.1 Development of Education Materials: Example of Vietnam -- 3.3.2 Reaching out the Disaster Knowledge Through Mobile Center -- 3.3.3 Engaging Through Experiential Learning: Town Watching in Saijo -- 3.3.4 Classic School Safety Program: NSET Nepal -- 3.3.5 Institutionalizing Community Efforts: BOKOMI in Kobe -- 3.3.6 Measuring Progress in Education Governance: SDRA -- 3.4 Prospects and way Forward -- References -- Chapter 4: Climate Change Education: Recent Trends and Future Prospects -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Climate Change Education: Two Case Studies -- 4.2.1 Climate Change Education in the Philippines -- 4.2.1.1 Formal Climate Change Education -- 4.2.1.2 Nonformal Climate Change Education -- 4.2.1.3 Teacher Training in Climate Change Education -- 4.2.1.4 Potentials of Climate Change Education in the Philippines -- 4.2.1.5 Challenges to Climate Change Education in the Philippines -- 4.2.2 Climate Change Education in Vietnam -- 4.2.2.1 National Target Program in Response to Climate Change (NTP-RCC) -- 4.2.2.2 National Climate Change Strategy (NCCS) -- 4.2.2.3 Action Plan of Education Sector Response to Climate Change from 2011 to 2015 -- 4.2.2.4 ``Integration of Climate Change Response Contents into Education and Training Programs in the Period 2011-2015´´ Proje... -- 4.2.2.5 Challenges and Recommendations -- 4.3 ESD, CCE, and DRR Education -- 4.4 Future Directions of Climate Change Education -- References -- Chapter 5: Disaster-Affected Schools and School Districts After the East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami: Issues for Recovery Edu... -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Formation of the Disaster-Affected Schools and School Districts -- 5.2.1 Condition of the Schools and School Districts Immediately After the East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. , 5.2.2 Model of the Formation of Local Schools and School Districts -- 5.3 Combination of Schools for the Recovery of Education -- 5.3.1 Loss of Local Community and School Districts -- 5.3.2 An Example of the School Combination in Miyagi -- 5.4 New Additions to the Disaster Prevention Drill -- 5.4.1 Example of Hashikami Junior High School, Kesennuma -- 5.4.2 Collaboration with the Local Community in Miyagi -- 5.4.3 ESD´s Contribution to Relationship-Building Between Local Communities and Schools -- 5.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Governance and Policy on ESD -- 6.1 The Significance of the Governance in ESD -- 6.1.1 The Governance Issue in the Context of ESD -- 6.1.2 The Progress of the Theoretical Approaches of the Governance -- 6.2 Governance and Policy on ESD in Japan -- 6.2.1 ESD Policy at Governmental Level -- 6.2.1.1 Coordination by the Cabinet -- 6.2.1.2 Japanese National Commission for UNESCO -- 6.2.1.3 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) -- 6.2.2 ESD Policy at Local Level -- 6.2.3 ESD by Other Stakeholders -- 6.2.3.1 United Nations University -- 6.2.3.2 Japan Council on the UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD-J) -- 6.2.3.3 Asia-Pacific Cultural Centre for UNESCO (ACCU) -- 6.2.3.4 National Federation of UNESCO Association in JAPAN (NFUAJ) -- 6.3 UNESCO World Conference on ESD in 2014 -- 6.4 Conclusion -- 6.4.1 National Challenges -- 6.4.2 Global Challenge -- 6.4.3 ESD-Global and/or Local-as Postscript -- References -- Chapter 7: View on Education for Disaster and Recovery: Example of R.C.E. Greater Sendai -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 RCE Greater Sendai -- 7.3 Sendai Region: Education for Disaster and Recovery -- 7.3.1 Tsunami and Earthquake Damage in Sendai City -- 7.3.2 Agenda for Education for Risk Reduction in Sendai. , 7.3.3 Redevelopment Learning Materials With Attention to Ecosystem Service -- 7.4 Kesennuma Region: Tsunami at Ria Shoreline and Education for Risk Reduction -- 7.4.1 Damage by Tsunami in Kesennuma Region -- 7.4.2 Redevelopment of Local Industry and Related Industry -- 7.4.3 Learning Material from Regional Related Industry -- 7.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Exchange and Sharing of Experiences of ESD-DRR: An International Workshop for Asian Youth -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Challenge of ESD and DRR Education -- 8.2.1 Positioning ESD in Relation to Adjectival Education -- 8.2.2 ``Narrow´´ and ``Broad´´ and ``More Inclusive´´ Interpretation of DRR Education -- 8.2.3 Characteristics and Features of ESD -- 8.3 Fostering Youth Leadership in Asia -- 8.3.1 Workshop as a Holistic Learning Space -- 8.3.2 Power of Storytelling Using ``DST´´ -- 8.3.3 ESD Features of the International Workshop -- 8.3.3.1 Multi-Method -- 8.3.3.2 Holistic -- 8.3.3.3 Applicability -- 8.3.3.4 Critical Thinking and Problem Solving -- 8.3.3.5 Broadening the Scope of DRR Education -- 8.3.3.6 Teachers as Co-Learners -- 8.3.4 HOPE Framework for Analysis on the International Workshop in ESD Point of View -- 8.4 Discussion -- References -- Chapter 9: ESD and Education for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) at Schools: Changes in DRR Education After Great East Japan Ear... -- 9.1 Overview of Japanese ESD and Education for Disaster Risk Reduction at Schools -- 9.1.1 Education for Sustainable Development and Education for Disaster Risk Reduction -- 9.1.2 Characteristics of Japanese DRR Education -- 9.2 Historical Development of DRR Education -- 9.2.1 DRR Education After Hansin-Awaji Earthquake -- 9.2.2 Revision of DRR Education Based on Experiences of Great East Japan Earthquake -- 9.3 Case Studies of DRR Education. , 9.3.1 Reference Material for Disaster Prevention Education at Schools: Case of Kanagawa -- 9.3.2 School Manual on Protection Against Earthquake: Case of Chiba -- 9.3.3 Basic DRR Education Policy and School Manual on Disaster Prevention for Earthquake: Case of Shizuoka -- 9.3.4 Guidelines for Disaster Prevention and Disaster Prevention Education at Schools in Mie Prefecture: Case of Mie -- 9.3.5 Guidelines for School Safety: Ishikawa´s Approach -- 9.4 Way Forward -- References -- Chapter 10: City Level Response: Linking ESD and DRR in Kesennuma -- 10.1 ESD Based in the Local Communities of Kesennuma City -- 10.2 City Level Response in East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami -- 10.2.1 Damages in Kesennuma City Caused by East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami -- 10.2.2 Schools´ Crisis Response to East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami -- 10.2.3 City Level Response for Schools´ Reopening After the Disaster -- 10.3 Linking of ESD and DRR -- 10.3.1 Convergence of Climate Change Education and DRR Education -- 10.3.2 The Role of ESD in Disaster Risk Management (DRM) and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) -- 10.3.3 Synergy Between ESD and DRR Education in Kesennuma City -- 10.3.4 Case Study of DRR Education at Schools in Kesennuma City -- 10.4 ESD Towards Post-Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction -- 10.4.1 Education Fostering Crisis-Response Skills in Cooperation with the Local Community -- 10.4.2 Education Aiming for Coexistence with Nature -- 10.4.3 Education that Passes Hometown Spirit Down to the Next Generation -- 10.4.4 Sharing Learning Across Regional and National Borders -- 10.4.5 Education for Building the Future -- 10.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11: Towards the Establishment of Sustainable Campus -- 11.1 Background -- 11.2 Sapporo Sustainability Declaration -- 11.3 Establishment of CAS-Net JAPAN -- 11.4 Activities on Campus Sustainability at Kyoto University. , 11.5 Way Forward.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Message: The Challenging Road to Disaster Resilience in Bangladesh -- Contents -- Part I: Outline and Basics of DRR -- Chapter 1: Disaster, Risk and Evolution of the Concept -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Evolution of the Disaster Paradigm -- 1.2.1 Recognition Towards Disaster Risk Reduction -- 1.2.2 Resilience -- 1.2.3 Vulnerability and Exposure -- 1.3 Evolution of the International Agenda on DRR -- 1.3.1 International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction -- 1.3.2 International Strategy for Disaster Reduction -- 1.4 Progress on DRR at Different Levels -- 1.4.1 Global Level -- 1.4.2 Regional Level -- 1.4.3 National Level -- 1.4.4 Thematic Level -- 1.5 Hyogo Framework for Action and Its Five Priorities -- 1.6 Mid-Term Progress Review of the HFA -- 1.6.1 Mid-Term Progress Review of the HFA -- 1.6.2 Comparison Between Global and Asia-Pacific Regional Progress -- 1.7 Localizing HFA Implementation -- 1.8 DRR Stakeholders -- References -- Chapter 2: Understanding Vulnerability and Risks -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Concepts of Risk and Vulnerability -- 2.2.1 Vulnerability: A Conceptual Discussion -- 2.2.2 Risk: A Conceptual Discussion -- 2.2.3 Risk and Vulnerability Assessment: Micro and Macro Perspectives -- 2.2.4 Assessing Resilience: An Emerging Phenomenon in DRR -- 2.3 Resilience Analysis in Bangladesh: A Case Study -- 2.3.1 Accountability and Community Participation -- 2.3.2 Partnership -- 2.3.3 Education and Training -- 2.3.4 Social Protection -- 2.3.5 Participation, Voluntarism, and Accountability -- 2.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: National Perspectives of Disaster Risk Reduction in Bangladesh -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Disaster Scenario: Goal, Objectives and Principles -- 3.3 National Disaster Management Plan -- 3.4 Disaster Management Structures -- 3.5 Disaster Management Regulatory Framework. , 3.5.1 Disaster Management Act -- 3.5.2 National Disaster Management Policy -- 3.5.3 Standing Orders on Disaster -- 3.6 Different Levels of Disaster Management Plans -- 3.6.1 National Plan for Disaster Management -- 3.6.2 Sub-National Level Plans -- 3.6.2.1 District Disaster Management Plan (DDMP) -- 3.6.2.2 Upazila Disaster Management Plan (UzDMP) -- 3.6.2.3 Union Disaster Management Plan (UDMP) -- 3.6.3 Sectoral Development Plans Incorporating Disaster Risk Reduction -- 3.6.4 Hazard Specific Multi-sectoral Disaster Management Plans -- 3.6.4.1 Earthquake Contingency Plan -- 3.6.4.2 Cyclone Shelter Plan -- 3.6.4.3 Disaster Resilient Cluster Housing -- 3.6.4.4 Tsunami Response Plan -- 3.7 Disaster Management Act -- References -- Part II: Hazard and Risk Profiles of Bangladesh -- Chapter 4: Flood Risks and Reduction Approaches in Bangladesh -- 4.1 Overview of Flood Risk -- 4.1.1 Geographical, Physiographic and Hydro-Meteorological Factors Responsible for Floods -- 4.1.1.1 Surrounded by Mountains -- 4.1.1.2 Lower Riparian Country -- 4.1.1.3 Floodplain Country -- 4.1.1.4 Unique Hydro-Meteorological System -- 4.1.2 Key Determinants of Extent of Flooding -- 4.1.2.1 Peak Flow -- 4.1.2.2 Duration of Floods -- 4.1.2.3 Time of Peak Flows in Major Rivers -- 4.1.3 Types of Floods -- 4.2 Historic Floods and Impacts -- 4.2.1 Flood Damage -- 4.2.2 People at Risk in Flood Prone Area -- 4.2.3 Growth of Flood Control Projects: Structural Measures -- 4.2.4 Non-structural Measures -- 4.2.5 Experiences with Flood Control Projects -- 4.2.5.1 Hydraulic Impacts -- 4.2.5.2 Impact on Crop Production -- 4.2.5.3 Impact on Floodplain Ecosystem and Water Transport Function -- 4.2.6 Lessons Learned and Paradigm Shift -- 4.3 Innovative Flood Risk Reduction Approaches -- 4.3.1 Tidal River Management -- 4.3.2 Compartmentalization -- 4.4 Partial Flood Control -- References. , Chapter 5: Cyclone and Tornado Risk and Reduction Approaches in Bangladesh -- 5.1 Overview of Cyclone Risk -- 5.2 Historic Cyclone Events and Impacts -- 5.3 Cyclone Risk Reduction Approaches -- 5.3.1 Multipurpose Cyclone Shelter -- 5.3.2 Cyclone Preparedness Program (CPP) 2 -- 5.3.3 Coastal Afforestation -- 5.3.4 Coastal Embankment -- 5.3.5 Cyclone-Resilient Housing -- 5.4 Overview of Tornado Risk -- 5.5 Tornado Risk Reduction Approaches -- 5.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Earthquake Risk and Reduction Approaches in Bangladesh -- 6.1 Earthquake Hazard of Bangladesh and Brief Description of the Historical Earthquakes -- 6.2 Earthquake Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk Assessment of Some Major Cities -- 6.2.1 Earthquake Hazard Assessment -- 6.2.2 Building and Lifelines Inventory as Well as Their Vulnerability -- 6.2.3 Risk Assessment -- 6.3 Earthquake Risk Management Initiatives -- 6.3.1 Scenario-Based Earthquake Contingency Plan -- 6.3.2 Risk Sensitive Land Use Planning -- 6.3.3 Improvement of Response Mechanism -- 6.3.4 Safety and Evacuation Drill to Schools -- 6.3.5 Training for Religious Leaders (Imams) for Awareness About Earthquake Dangers -- 6.3.6 Training for Masons and Bar-Binders for Safe Construction Practices -- 6.3.7 Search and Rescue as Well as Research Equipment Procurement -- 6.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Drought Risk and Reduction Approaches in Bangladesh -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Definition and Types of Drought -- 7.2.1 Meteorological Drought -- 7.2.2 Agricultural Drought -- 7.2.3 Hydrological Drought -- 7.2.4 Socio-Economic Drought -- 7.3 Drought Events in Bangladesh -- 7.4 Drought Periods in Bangladesh -- 7.5 Causes of Drought in Bangladesh -- 7.5.1 Geophysical Feature -- 7.5.2 Rainfall Variability -- 7.5.3 Temperature -- 7.5.4 Evapotranspiration -- 7.5.5 Water Resources -- 7.5.6 Misuse of Groundwater Resources. , 7.6 Drought Impacts in Bangladesh -- 7.6.1 Economic Impact -- 7.6.1.1 Impact on Agriculture -- 7.6.1.2 Impact on GDP -- 7.6.1.3 Impact on Food Security -- 7.6.1.4 Impact on the Price of Rice -- 7.6.1.5 Impact on Livestock -- 7.6.1.6 Impact on Fisheries -- 7.6.2 Social Impact -- 7.6.2.1 Impact on Health -- 7.6.2.2 Impact on Social Life -- 7.6.3 Environmental Impact -- 7.6.3.1 Impact on Ground Aquifer -- 7.6.3.2 Impact on Land Degradation -- 7.6.3.3 Impact on Biodiversity -- 7.7 Drought Risk Management Practices in Bangladesh -- 7.7.1 At Institutional Level -- 7.7.1.1 Early Warning System -- 7.7.1.2 Other Activities Taken by Government and NGOs -- 7.7.1.3 At Infrastructure (Physical) Level -- 7.7.2 At Community and Household (Social) Level -- 7.8 Innovative Approach for Drought Risk Reduction -- 7.8.1 Application of SIP Approach: Insight from a Case Study -- 7.8.2 Importance of SIP Approach Implication at Micro Level -- 7.8.3 Enhancing Drought Risk Management Policy and Action Through a Framework -- 7.9 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Landslide and Flashflood in Bangladesh -- 8.1 Mountain Risks of Bangladesh -- 8.2 Extreme Events and Natural Hazards -- 8.3 Risk and Vulnerability of Mountain Region -- 8.3.1 Landslide Risk -- 8.3.2 Landslides Incidence of Bangladesh -- 8.3.3 Causes of Landslide Disasters -- 8.4 Case Study: Chittagong Landslide -- 8.4.1 Chittagong Land-Slide, June 2007 -- 8.4.2 Political Economy of Hill-Cutting -- 8.5 Flash Flood Risk -- 8.5.1 Flashflood Incidence of Bangladesh -- 8.5.2 Causes of Flashflood Disasters -- 8.5.2.1 Intense and Prolonged Rainfall -- 8.5.2.2 Topographic Characteristics -- 8.5.2.3 Dam Outburst -- 8.5.2.4 Human Induced Development Failure -- 8.5.2.5 Climate Change Related Extreme Events -- 8.6 Landslide and Flashflood Risk Reduction Approaches -- 8.6.1 Community Based Risk Reduction. , 8.6.2 Land Use Vulnerability Assessment and Zoning -- 8.6.3 Proper Structural Mitigation Measures -- 8.6.4 Relocation of the Foothill Settlements -- 8.6.5 Controlling Hill Cutting Through Proper Enforcement of Legal Provisions -- 8.6.6 Real Time Monitoring and Early Warning -- 8.6.7 Technological Innovation and Extension -- 8.6.8 Enhancement of Public Awareness -- 8.6.9 Establishment of the Emergency Response and Recovery Team and Facilities -- References -- Chapter 9: Arsenic Contamination in Bangladesh: Contemporary Alarm and Future Strategy -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Potential Scale of the Problem -- 9.2.1 Origin and Natural State -- 9.2.2 Causes (Mechanism of Arsenic Release in Groundwater) -- 9.2.3 Scale of the Problem -- 9.3 Impacts of Arsenic Pollution -- 9.3.1 Health -- 9.3.2 Agriculture and Food Safety -- 9.3.3 Water -- 9.3.4 Environment -- 9.3.5 Social -- 9.4 Current and Proposed Activities -- 9.5 Methods of Arsenic Detection in Both Field and Laboratory -- 9.5.1 Field Methodologies -- 9.5.2 Laboratory Methodologies -- 9.6 Arsenic Mitigation Options -- 9.6.1 General Mitigation Approach -- 9.6.2 SIPE (Socio-Economic, Institutional, Physico-Chemical and Environmental) Approach -- 9.7 Lesson Learned -- 9.8 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10: Sea-Level Rise Along the Coast of Bangladesh -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Background -- 10.2.1 The Coastal Zone of Bangladesh -- 10.2.2 Sea-Level Rise Along the Bangladesh Coast -- 10.2.3 Data Used in Global SLR Estimation -- 10.2.4 Sea-Level Rise in Coastal Vulnerability Index -- 10.3 Seal-Level Change Data -- 10.4 Methodology -- 10.5 Results -- 10.5.1 Sea-Level Change -- 10.5.2 Sea-Level Rise Vulnerability of Bangladesh -- 10.6 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Part III: Approaches and Issues -- Chapter 11: Urban Risk Reduction Approaches in Bangladesh. , 11.1 Introduction: Urbanization and Disaster Risks.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: Evolution of Community Based RiskReduction in Japan -- Chapter 1: Disaster Risk Reduction and Community Approaches -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Primary Issues -- 1.2.1 Changing Nature of Disasters -- 1.2.2 Diversity of Communities -- 1.2.3 National Local Linkages -- 1.2.4 Evidences from Past Disasters -- 1.2.5 Increasing Global Awareness on Local Needs -- 1.2.6 Sustainability and Up-Scaling Issues -- 1.3 Cross Cutting Issues -- 1.3.1 Link to Habitat -- 1.3.2 Link to Health Related Issues -- 1.3.3 Link to Livelihoods -- 1.3.4 Link to Education System -- 1.3.5 Link to Environmental and Natural Resource Management -- 1.4 Policy Issues Related to Community Practices in DRR -- 1.5 About the Book -- References -- Chapter 2: Kobe Earthquake: Turning Point of Community-Based Risk Reduction in Japan -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 1995: Year Zero of Volunteer Activities in Japan -- 2.3 Post Kobe New Civil Society Model -- 2.4 BOKOMI: New Sustainable Approach of Community Involvement -- 2.5 Discussion -- References -- Chapter 3: Typhoon, Flood and Landslide Related Disasters in Japan: Role of Communities -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Hiroshima Sediment Disaster and Aftermath: Implication of Community Hazard Maps -- 3.3 Typhoon Disaster in Saijo: Role of School Education -- 3.4 Typhoon Disaster in Toyooka: Role of Volunteers -- 3.5 Catastrophic Rainfall Disaster in Hyogo: Role of Disaster Drills and Disaster Prevention Maps -- 3.6 Analysis and Way Forward -- References -- Part II: Community Based Risk Reduction Issues -- Chapter 4: Social Capital in Disaster Recovery in Japan: An Overview -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Overview of the Concept of Social Capital -- 4.2.1 General Definition of Social Capital -- 4.2.2 Social Capital and Governance -- 4.2.3 Bonding-Social Capital and Bridging-Social Capital. , 4.3 Pre-disaster Preparedness and Social Capital -- 4.3.1 Minimizing Human Damages Immediately After a Disaster -- 4.3.2 Risk Information Sharing in Times of Peace -- 4.3.3 Case of Nanmoku Village -- 4.4 Post Disaster Recovery -- 4.4.1 Former Discussion on Social Capital and Post Disaster Recovery -- 4.4.2 Function of Bonding Social Capital as Community Ties -- 4.4.3 Function of Bridging Social Capital as Connection to External Resources -- 4.5 Future Perspective -- References -- Chapter 5: Concepts and Approaches of School Centered Disaster Resilient Communities -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Population Decline and Its Implication on the Education System and Communities -- 5.2.1 Background -- 5.2.2 Shoshika and Transformation of School Facilities -- 5.2.3 Shoshika and Its Effect on Education and School Management -- 5.3 Importance of School-Community Linkage for School Centered Recovery and Community Building -- 5.3.1 Strengthening School-Community Linkages: Policies Concerning School Education and Involvement of Community -- 5.3.2 Methods of Community Participation in School Management -- 5.3.3 Exploring Different Types of Education Programs for School-Community Linkage -- 5.3.4 ESD: An Approach for Community Linkage in Education -- 5.3.5 Function of Japanese School as Community DRR Hub -- 5.3.6 School-Community Linkages Through DRR Education -- 5.4 Building School Centered Disaster Resilient Communities -- 5.4.1 MEXT Concept for School Centered Community Building -- 5.4.2 Components of School Centered Recovery and Community Building -- 5.4.3 Analysis of Benefits and Challenges of School Centered Recovery and Community Building -- 5.4.3.1 Internal Factors -- 5.4.3.2 External Factors -- 5.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Building Disaster Resilient Community Through Healthcare Networking -- 6.1 Introduction. , 6.2 Disaster Impact on Physical and Psychological Stress to Victims -- 6.2.1 Effect of Time -- 6.2.2 Effect of Location -- 6.2.3 Effect of Age -- 6.3 Social Backgrounds in Japan -- 6.3.1 "Super-Aging" Society -- 6.3.2 Depopulation -- 6.3.3 Reduction of Number of Physicians and Medical Facilities -- 6.4 Health Promotion and Healthcare Networking -- 6.4.1 "Health Promotion" and "Health Japan 21" -- 6.4.2 Healthcare Networking in Japan -- 6.5 Systems and Concepts as Community Based Disaster Prevention and Health -- 6.5.1 Community Based on Disaster Resilience -- 6.5.2 Sustainable Awareness of Disaster Prevention -- 6.5.3 Indirect Disaster Prevention Measures -- 6.5.3.1 Community Health Work (CHW) -- 6.5.3.2 Community Social Work (CSW) -- 6.5.3.3 Integrative Medicine -- 6.5.4 First-Aid -- 6.5.5 Coping Capacity of the Local Community Against Disaster and Emergency Response -- 6.5.5.1 First Responder -- Community First Responder (CFR) -- 6.5.5.2 Community Emergency Response Teams (CERT) -- 6.5.5.3 Jishu-bosai-soshiki -- 6.5.6 Evaluation of Healthcare and Community Disaster Coping Capacities -- 6.5.6.1 Noriko Yoshida Method (NyMthod) -- 6.5.6.2 Diagnosis of Coping Capacity of the Local Community Against Disaster Developed by Cabinet Office and FDMA -- 6.5.6.3 Diagnosis of Regional Disaster Prevention Ability Developed by Matuda et al. -- 6.6 Medical and Healthcare After the East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami (EJET) -- 6.6.1 Acute and Sub-acute Medical Activities -- 6.6.2 Mental and Psychosocial Health Activities -- 6.6.3 Disaster Impact Physical and Psychological Health -- 6.6.4 Issues of Medical and Healthcare After Disaster -- 6.7 Next Disaster -- 6.7.1 Tokai, Tonankai and Nankai Earthquake -- 6.7.2 Earthquake in the Nankai Trough -- 6.8 Future Efforts -- 6.9 Conclusion -- References. , Chapter 7: Roles of Community Radio in Disaster Management: Reflections from Japan -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 On-Air Activities of Community Radio -- 7.2.1 Providing Information -- 7.2.2 Citizen Participation -- 7.2.3 Healing Mental Trauma -- 7.2.4 Monitoring Aid/Support Activities -- 7.2.5 Passing on the Experience of Disaster -- 7.3 Off-Air Activities of Community Radio -- 7.3.1 Synergetic Effect with Internet -- 7.3.2 Holding Memorial Events of Disasters -- 7.3.3 Disaster Management Audio Materials for Community Radio Broadcasting (DMAM) -- 7.3.4 Community Workshop on Utilizing DMAM -- 7.3.5 Networking with Other Radio Stations -- 7.4 Conclusion -- References -- Part III: Case Examples -- Chapter 8: Community Development and Disaster Preparedness in a Depopulated Society: Case of Tosashimizu City, Kochi Prefecture -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Overview of the Study Area -- 8.2.1 Rationale for the Selection of the Site -- 8.2.1.1 Necessity to Enhance the Community's Capacity for Disaster Preparedness -- 8.2.1.2 Depopulated Area and High Aging Rate -- 8.2.2 Local Governments' Policy and Measures for Community Based Disaster Preparedness -- 8.3 Case Study -- 8.3.1 General Feature of the Kainokawa-ura Community -- 8.3.2 Communal Management and VDPO Activity -- 8.3.2.1 Stagnant Stage (Until 2006) -- 8.3.2.2 A Turning Point (2007-2008) -- Change Concerning Residents: Increase in Residents' Requests for Disaster Preparedness -- Change Concerning the Leader: Recognition of Communal Possibility and Necessity of Collaboration with Others -- 8.3.2.3 Active Stage (2009-2012) -- 8.4 Discussion and Analysis -- 8.4.1 Key Drivers to Start a VDPO Activity -- 8.4.2 Key Factors to Enroot VDPO Activity in a Community -- 8.4.3 Necessary Support by the Local Government -- 8.4.4 What Remains to Be Seen -- References. , Chapter 9: Traditional Community-Based Disaster Management in World Heritage Site of Shirakawa Village -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Study Methodology -- 9.3 Characteristics of Shirakawa Village -- 9.3.1 Community Organizations and Social System in the Village -- 9.3.1.1 Community Organizations in the Village -- 9.3.1.2 Traditional Japanese Social System of "Yui" and "Ninsoku" -- 9.3.2 Gassho-Style Houses and Memories of Fire -- 9.3.3 Activities of the Residents' Association -- 9.3.3.1 Fire Patrol Activity -- 9.3.3.2 Patrol and Cleaning of Water Supply System -- 9.3.4 The Fire Volunteer and Fire Prevention Activity -- 9.3.4.1 Organization of Fire Volunteer -- 9.3.4.2 Fire Prevention Inspection and Maintenance of Facilities -- 9.3.4.3 Roles in the Local Festival -- 9.3.4.4 Roles of the Fire Volunteer and the Development of Volunteerism -- 9.3.5 The Processes of Establishing the CBDM -- 9.4 Discussion -- 9.4.1 Development of Community Organizations and Social System -- 9.4.2 Hand Down the Tradition and Increasing the Awareness -- 9.4.3 Mechanism for Sustainable Fire Prevention -- 9.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10: Community Practices of Transmitting Daily and Disaster Information in Reihoku Area -- 10.1 Disaster and Information System -- 10.2 Characteristics of Study Area -- 10.2.1 Major Disasters and Trend of Recent Disasters -- 10.2.2 Social Changes -- 10.3 Questionnaire Survey in Reihoku -- 10.3.1 Information and Communication Tools -- 10.3.2 Networking with Neighbors -- 10.4 Possibility of Improving Information System -- 10.4.1 Necessity of Promoting Existing Information System from Public Organization -- 10.4.2 Necessity of Improving Information System from Individuals -- References -- Chapter 11: Community Resilience After Chuetsu Earthquake in 2004: Extinction or Relocation? -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Disaster and Collective Relocation. , 11.2.1 Project for Improvement and Rebuilding.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the Editors -- Chapter 1: Civil Society and Disaster Risk Reduction: An Asian Overview -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Defining Civil Society Organizations (CSO) -- 1.3 Asian Context of CSO in Disaster Risk Reduction -- 1.4 Book Structure -- References -- Chapter 2: Role of Civil Society Organizations in Policy and Advocacy in Risk Reduction -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Hyogo Framework for Action -- 2.3 ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response -- 2.4 Advocacy by a Regional CSO Network -- 2.5 National Initiative of Legislation: Case of the Philippines -- 2.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Disaster Risk Reduction National Platform and Strategic National Action Plan in Afghanistan -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Afghanistan´s First National DRR Platform and SNAP -- 3.3 Brief Description of SNAP (Goal, Objectives, Main Headers) -- 3.4 Lessons Learnt -- References -- Chapter 4: Policy and Advocacy: Role of Civil Society in Disaster Management Bill Processes in Indonesia -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 History of Policy Development of Disaster Management in Indonesia -- 4.2.1 Indonesia New Government Era (1966-1998) -- 4.2.2 Indonesia Reformation Era (1998-2013) -- 4.3 Historical Background of the Disaster Management Law Number 24 Year 2007 -- 4.4 Current Disaster Management Structure at National and Local Level -- 4.5 The Role of CSOs in Policy Development and Advocacy: Case Studies of MPBI -- 4.6 Challenges and Opportunities -- 4.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: CSOs and the Challenges in Risk and Vulnerability Assessment -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Risk and Vulnerability Assessment: Concept, Processes, and Tools -- 5.2.1 Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Concepts: Hazard, Vulnerability, and Capacity -- 5.2.2 Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Process. , 5.2.3 Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Tools -- 5.3 CSO and Risk and Vulnerability Assessments -- 5.4 CSO-Initiated Risk and Vulnerability Assessments -- 5.4.1 Strengthening Communities Through Participatory Approach -- 5.4.2 Participatory Local and Community Risk Assessment -- 5.4.2.1 Hazard Assessment -- 5.4.2.2 Vulnerability Assessment -- 5.4.2.3 Capacity Assessment -- 5.4.2.4 Perception of Risk -- 5.4.3 Linking Communities with Government and Other Stakeholders -- 5.4.4 Combining Local Knowledge with Science and Technology -- 5.5 Issues and Challenges in Risk and Vulnerability Assessments -- 5.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Risk and Vulnerability Assessment: Experience of Nepal -- 6.1 Earthquake Hazard and Risk of Nepal -- 6.1.1 Introduction -- 6.1.2 Unsafe Buildings Are the Roots of Earthquake Risk -- 6.1.3 Traditional Wisdom of Earthquake-Resistant Construction -- 6.1.4 Earthquake Risk of Nepal: A Global Concern -- 6.2 Earthquake Risk Assessment -- 6.2.1 History of Hazard and Risk Assessment -- 6.2.2 Risk Assessments Methodologies Used -- 6.2.2.1 KVERMP Methodology -- 6.2.2.2 RADIUS Methodology -- 6.2.2.3 GIS in Grid -- 6.2.2.4 SLARIM Methodology -- 6.2.2.5 Community Watching -- 6.2.2.6 HAZUS Methodology -- 6.2.2.7 CAPRA -- 6.2.2.8 Comparison of Risk Assessment Methodologies -- 6.3 Earthquake Risk Assessment for Earthquake Risk Management: An Example of Improving Seismic Performance of Public Schools -- 6.3.1 Structural Vulnerability Assessment of School Buildings -- 6.3.2 Casualty Estimation -- 6.3.3 Development of a National Damage and Loss Scenario -- 6.3.3.1 Area Likely to Be Affected by One Large Earthquake in Nepal -- 6.3.3.2 Prevailing Typologies of School Buildings -- 6.3.3.3 Probability of Damage -- 6.3.3.4 Casualty Scenario in Nepal at Shaking Intensity of IX MMI. , 6.3.3.5 Summary Conclusion on Seismic Risk in Schools of Nepal -- 6.4 Initiative for Earthquake Risk Management in Nepal -- 6.4.1 Kathmandu Valley Earthquake Risk Management Project (KVERMP) -- 6.4.2 The Study on Earthquake Disaster Mitigation of Kathmandu Valley (SEDM) -- 6.4.3 Urban Regeneration -- 6.4.4 Nepal Risk Reduction Consortium (NRRC) -- 6.4.5 Promoting Public Private Partnership for Earthquake Risk Management (3PERM) -- 6.4.6 Risk Sensitive Land Use Planning (RSLUP) -- 6.4.7 Building Code Implementation Program in Municipalities of Nepal (BCIPN) -- 6.4.8 Achievements in Earthquake Risk Reduction Efforts -- 6.5 Challenges and Possibilities for Further Improvements -- References -- Chapter 7: Civil Society and Knowledge, Education and Training in Risk Reduction -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Indigenous Knowledge -- 7.3 Disaster Education -- 7.4 Training for Various Stakeholders -- 7.4.1 Malaysian Technical Cooperation Program (MTCP) -- 7.4.2 ASEAN Safe School Program -- 7.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Knowledge, Education and Training for Risk Reduction: Specific Case of Myanmar, Vietnam and Japan -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Case 1: Myanmar-MKRC/WKRC Project -- 8.2.1 Background -- 8.2.2 Intervention of SEEDS Asia -- 8.2.3 Features of Training Program and Materials -- 8.2.4 Evaluation of the Training -- 8.2.4.1 Comparison Between Results of Pre- and Post-test -- 8.2.4.2 Evaluation Survey Results on MKRC/WKRC -- 8.3 Case 2: Vietnam-DRR Core School Project -- 8.3.1 Background -- 8.3.2 Intervention of SEEDS Asia -- 8.3.3 Features of Training Program and Materials -- 8.3.4 Networking Schools on DRR Education -- 8.4 Case 3: Japan-DRR Education Based on ESD -- 8.4.1 Background -- 8.4.2 Intervention of SEEDS Asia -- 8.4.3 Study Visit on DRR Education -- 8.4.4 Support for Teachers to Conduct Practices of DRR Education as ESD. , 8.4.5 N-Help: A New Concept of DRR Network -- 8.5 Discussion -- 8.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: Civil Society and Cross-Cutting Issues for Risk Reduction: Food Security, Health, Human Security, Environment and M... -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Food Security -- 9.3 Health -- 9.4 Human Security -- 9.5 Environment -- 9.6 Microfinance -- 9.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10: Microfinance: Role of NGOs in DRR -- 10.1 Introduction: Microfinance and Its Common Aspects -- 10.1.1 Target Group -- 10.1.2 Group Formation and Its Significance -- 10.1.3 Credit Size and Repayment -- 10.1.4 Saving Mobilization -- 10.1.5 Training -- 10.2 Microfinance and DRR Linkage: Importance and Necessity -- 10.3 NGOs: The Prime Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) -- 10.4 What Are MFIs Doing in Disaster Risk Reduction? -- 10.5 Government Policy Support to Strengthen NGO-MFI-DRR Linkage -- 10.6 Role of Microfinance in DRR-Case Study of Hatiya Island, Bangladesh -- 10.6.1 Methodological Approach -- 10.6.2 Hatiya Island -- 10.6.3 MFIs and Their Clients in Hatiya -- 10.6.4 MFIs and Disaster Risk Reduction, Response, and Recovery in Hatiya -- 10.6.4.1 MFI Support for and Their Contribution to DRR, Response, and Recovery -- 10.6.4.2 Change in Disaster Risk Reduction and Recovery Capacity After Becoming an MFI Member -- 10.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: Role of NGOs and CBOs in a Decentralized Mangrove Management Regime and Its Implications in Building Coastal Resil... -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Occurrence of Mangrove Forests in India -- 11.3 Conservation, Restoration and Management of Mangroves in India -- 11.4 Evolution of `Joint Mangrove Management´ in India -- 11.5 Role of NGOs and CSOs in Co-operative Mangrove Management -- 11.6 Emerging Challenges and SWOT Analysis of Stakeholders -- 11.7 Recommendation and Way Forward. , 11.7.1 Diversification of NGO Activities in Overall Socio-Economic Development and Sustainability of Mangrove Dependent Commun... -- 11.7.2 Legal Rights and Benefit Sharing of Forest and Forest Resources -- 11.7.3 Link JMM to Disaster Risk Reduction and Enhancing Coastal Resilience -- References -- Chapter 12: Disability-Inclusive DRR: Information, Risk and Practical-Action -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Participation, Inclusion and Risk -- 12.3 Delivering School-Based DRR -- 12.4 Challenges to Participation Within School-Based DRR -- 12.5 Disability-Inclusive DRR as an Information Issue -- 12.6 Implications of the IA Model for Disability-Inclusive DRR -- 12.7 Placing Disability-Inclusive DRR in Context -- 12.8 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13: Community-Based Response and Recovery: Role of Civil Societies -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Resilience to Disasters -- 13.2.1 Process or Outcome -- 13.2.2 How to Measure and Evaluate Resilience -- 13.2.3 Community Resilience -- 13.3 Community-Based Disaster Response -- 13.4 Community-Based Disaster Recovery -- 13.4.1 Reconstruction -- 13.4.2 Capacity Development of Hospital Staff, Health Workers and Communities for Health and Hygiene Promotion -- 13.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 14: Community Based Response and Recovery: Specific Issues -- 14.1 Introduction: Kosi Floods (2008) -- 14.2 Flooding in Kosi Basin -- 14.3 Profile of the Areas of Intervention -- 14.3.1 General Profiling of Saharsa District -- 14.3.2 Hazard Profile -- 14.3.2.1 Seismicity -- 14.3.2.2 Flood Hazard in the District -- 14.3.2.3 River Erosion -- 14.3.3 Geographic Area -- 14.3.4 Socio Economic Vulnerabilities -- 14.3.4.1 Socio-Economic Disparity and Livelihood Issues -- 14.3.4.2 Public Infra Structure Facilities -- 14.4 Vulnerabilities: Ecosystems -- 14.5 Need for Long Term Response and Recovery. , 14.6 Factors Contributing to Building Strategy for Long-Term Response and Recovery.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Post Disaster Recovery: Issues and Challenges -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Disaster Recovery and Local Resilience -- 1.3 Post Disaster Recovery Issues -- 1.4 GET Framework -- 1.4.1 Governance -- 1.4.2 Education -- 1.4.3 Technology -- 1.5 About the Book -- References -- Part I: Governance and Institutional Issues -- Chapter 2: Post-Disaster Reconstruction and Institutional Mechanisms for Risk Reduction: A Comparative Study of Three Disasters in India -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Institutional Needs -- 2.3 Characteristics of the Three Disasters -- 2.3.1 Maharashtra Earthquake (1993) -- 2.3.2 Gujarat Earthquake (2001) -- 2.3.3 Tamil Nadu Tsunami (2004) -- 2.4 Institutional Mechanisms in the Three Programs -- 2.5 Extra-ordinary Mechanisms: An Analytical Comparison -- 2.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Collaborative Governance and Disaster Recovery: The National Disaster Recovery Framework (NDRF) in the U.S. -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Literature Review and Background -- 3.2.1 Collaborative Governance -- 3.2.2 Collaborative Governance and Disaster Recovery -- 3.2.3 The National Disaster Recovery Framework -- 3.3 Discussions -- 3.4 Conclusion -- Appendix: Leading Coordinating Agencies for Recovery Support Functions (RSF) -- References -- Chapter 4: Typhoon Morakot and Institutional Changes in Taiwan -- 4.1 Preface -- 4.1.1 England -- 4.1.2 America -- 4.1.3 Case Introduction -- 4.1.3.1 Rainfall -- 4.1.3.2 Impacts -- 4.2 Institutional Changes on Disaster Prevention and Protection in Post-Morakot Period -- 4.2.1 Planned Establishing Disaster Prevention and Protection Agency -- 4.2.2 Established Special Reconstruction Regulation for Typhoon Morakot -- 4.2.3 Amended the Disaster Prevention and Protection Law. , 4.2.4 Combined the Central Disaster Prevention and Response Council and National Disaster Prevention and Response Committee -- 4.2.4.1 Central Disaster Prevention and Response Council -- 4.2.4.2 National Disaster Prevention and Response Committee -- 4.2.4.3 The Reason to Combine the Two Organizations -- 4.2.4.4 Functions After Combining -- 4.2.5 Established the Office of Disaster Management -- 4.2.5.1 The Purpose to Establish the Office -- 4.2.5.2 Members of the Office -- 4.2.5.3 Functions of the Office -- 4.3 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Institution and Governance Related Learning from the East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Issues of Disaster Recovery Governance -- 5.3 Rehabilitation Following EJET -- 5.3.1 Advance Financial Arrangement -- 5.3.2 Public-Private Partnership -- 5.3.3 Mobilization of Expert Teams Through National Networks -- 5.3.4 Structural Measures -- 5.4 Conclusion -- 5.5 Consideration -- References -- Chapter 6: Institutional Response in Education Sector in Kesennuma City -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Disaster of East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami in Kesennuma City -- 6.1.1.1 Damage of Kesennuma City by East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami -- 6.1.2 Damage of Schools in Kesennuma -- 6.2 Emergency and Short-term Response: Selected Cases of School Response -- 6.2.1 Case 1: Minami-Kesennuma Elementary School -- 6.2.2 Case 2: Shishiori Elementary School -- 6.2.3 Case 3: Hashikami Junior High School -- 6.3 Mid-term Response 1: "Round School Buses Linking Shelters and School" -- 6.4 Mid-term Response 2: "Resupplying School Lunch Beyond Earthquake and Tsunami" -- 6.5 Outline of School Lunch (Kyushoku) in Kesennuma Before the Disaster -- 6.5.1 Restart School Lunch for Recovery of Education in Kesennuma City -- 6.5.2 Establishing Kesennuma Central School Lunch Center. , 6.5.2.1 Long-term Response 1: "Economical Supports for Students and Parents" -- 6.5.2.2 Expanding Public Support System for Educational Expense -- 6.5.2.3 New Grants for Students Affected by Disaster -- 6.5.2.4 Long-term Response 2: "Making Substitute School Yard for School Activities" -- 6.5.2.5 Further Response 1: "Constructing Electronic Power and Water Resources" -- 6.5.2.6 Further Response 2: Improving DRM and DRR Education for Creative Recovery -- 6.6 Conclusion: Lessons from Past Disaster and "N-help" for Response to Recovery -- References -- Part II: Education and Learning -- Chapter 7: Implication of Floods-2010 on Education Sector in Pakistan -- 7.1 Flood Disaster: Trends Across the Globe and in Pakistan -- 7.2 Causes of Floods-2010 -- 7.3 Damages of Floods-2010 -- 7.4 Damages to Education Sector by Floods-2010 -- 7.4.1 Direct and Indirect Damages to Educational Facilities -- 7.4.2 Service and Productivity Losses of Schools/Educational Institutions -- 7.4.3 Recover and Reconstruction Needs -- 7.4.4 Proposed Sector Recovery and Reconstruction Strategies -- 7.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Role of Civil Society and its Role in Formal and Informal Education as a Part of Disaster Recovery -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 "Small Change": Building Resilient Communities Through Education -- 8.3 Reaching the "Unreachable" -- 8.4 Building Local Level Capacity for Preparedness -- 8.5 Teachers as Emergency Managers -- 8.6 Building Resilience: From Action to Policy -- 8.7 The Emerging Approach: Achieving Resilience of Education Sector Through Recovery -- References -- Chapter 9: New Insights of Education Sector from East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 School Centered Disaster Risk Reduction in Japan -- 9.2.1 Welfare Based School-Centered Model in Kobe -- 9.2.2 School Based Community Preparedness Model in Saijo. , 9.3 Situation of School During Tohoku Disaster -- 9.4 What was the Role of School Throughout Disaster? -- 9.5 What to Learn on School from Tohoku Disaster? -- 9.6 Key Lessons of Education Sectors -- 9.7 Implications to Asian Context -- 9.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10: School Based Community Recovery in Kamaishi, Japan -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 School Centered Community Recovery -- 10.3 Case Study Area: Toni District, Kamaishi -- 10.3.1 Recovery Plan of Kamaishi -- 10.4 Outline of Interview Survey in Toni District -- 10.4.1 Local Government -- 10.4.1.1 Board of Education (BoE) -- 10.4.1.2 Toni Community Center (CC) -- 10.4.2 Schools and PTA -- 10.4.2.1 Toni Elementary School (ES) and Junior High School (JHS) -- 10.4.2.2 PTA Members of Toni ES and JHS -- 10.4.2.3 Pre School (PS) -- 10.4.3 Town Associations -- 10.4.3.1 Regional Council, Town Associations, Temporary Housing Associations -- 10.4.3.2 Fishermen's Association -- 10.4.3.3 Seigan Temple -- 10.4.3.4 Community Fire Fighting Squad (Syobo-dan) -- 10.5 Analysis of the Interview Survey (Roles and Responsibilities) -- 10.5.1 Internal Factors (Strength/Weakness) -- 10.5.2 External Factors (Opportunities/Threats) -- 10.5.3 Suggested Measures for Implementation -- 10.5.3.1 Measures to Utilize Strengths and Opportunities -- 10.5.3.2 Strategy to Overcome Weakness with Opportunities -- 10.5.3.3 Strategy to Overcome Threats with Strengths -- 10.5.3.4 Strategy to Overcome Weakness and Threats -- 10.5.4 Image of School Centered Disaster Recovery and Community Building in Toni District -- 10.5.4.1 Toni Community Center (CC) -- 10.5.4.2 Preschool/Child Raising Support Club (PS) -- 10.5.4.3 Local Industries and Religious/Cultural Organizations -- 10.5.4.4 Community Fire Fighting Corps ( Syobo-dan) -- 10.6 Conclusion -- References -- Part III: Technology and Innovations. , Chapter 11: Post-Disaster Housing Reconstruction in Indonesia: Review and Lessons from Aceh, Yogyakarta, West Java and West Sumatera Earthquakes -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Theoretical Background -- 11.3 Method -- 11.4 Housing Reconstruction in Four Affected Areas -- 11.4.1 Aceh -- 11.4.1.1 Institution and Finance -- 11.4.1.2 Community Participation -- 11.4.1.3 Technical Issues -- 11.4.2 Yogyakarta -- 11.4.2.1 Institution and Finance -- 11.4.2.2 Community Participation -- 11.4.2.3 Technical Issues -- 11.4.3 West Java -- 11.4.3.1 Institutions and Finance -- 11.4.3.2 Community Participation -- 11.4.3.3 Technical Issues -- 11.4.4 West Sumatera -- 11.4.4.1 Institution and Finance -- 11.4.4.2 Community Participation -- 11.4.4.3 Technical Issues -- 11.5 Discussion -- 11.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12: Coastal Zone Management in Tamil Nadu, India: Challenges and Innovations -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Tamil Nadu Coast -- 12.3 Coastal Pollution -- 12.4 Coastal Ecosystems -- 12.5 Coastal Vulnerability Studies -- 12.5.1 Tsunami and Storm Surges Wave Modeling -- 12.5.2 Tsunami Impact Assessment -- 12.5.3 Climate-induced and Chronic Disasters -- 12.6 Technological Intervention for ICZM -- 12.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13: Post-Aila Community Recovery Innovations and Planning -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.1.1 Background: Cyclones and Bangladesh -- 13.1.2 Post Aila Early Disaster Recovery (EDR) Challenges -- 13.1.3 Post Aila Economic Recovery -- 13.2 The Resilience Approach of Early Disaster Recovery (EDR) -- 13.2.1 Rationales of Advocating for DRH -- 13.2.2 Building Disaster Resilient Community -- 13.2.2.1 New Settlement Concept to Meet the Emerging Climate Change Challenges -- 13.2.3 Learning from Cyclone Sidr 2007: Build Disaster Proof Settlement -- 13.3 Salient Features of the Disaster Resilient Eco-Habitat. , 13.3.1 Disaster Challenge as a Development Opportunity: A Case of Tourism Promotion.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the Editor -- Chapter 1: Overview and Introduction of the Private Sector's Role in Disaster Management -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Role of the Private Sector in Disaster Management -- 1.3 Ways of Private Sector Involvement -- 1.4 Book Structure -- References -- Chapter 2: Global Overview on the Role of the Private Sector in Disaster Risk Reduction: Scopes, Challenges, and Potentials -- 2.1 Introduction -- Box 2.1: Disaster Related Loss Trends -- 2.2 Risk and the Private Sector -- 2.3 Macro Trends and the New Norm -- 2.4 Globalization, Supply Chain Resilience, and Business Continuity -- 2.5 Urbanization and the Early Adopters -- Box 2.2: Public Private Partnerships Increase Preparedness -- Box 2.3: Benefits of Private Sector Engagement -- 2.6 Crisis Is a Tough Teacher -- Box 2.4: Encouraging Resilience -- 2.7 Conclusions -- Box 2.5: Private Sector Recommendations -- Box 2.6: Voluntary Actions and Commitments -- References -- Chapter 3: Experience of APEC in Disaster Management: Importance of BCP -- 3.1 Introduction of APEC and Regional Adverse Impacts by Natural Disasters -- 3.2 APEC Emergency Preparedness Working Designed for Disaster Risk Reduction -- 3.3 Regional Initiation of Promoting Business Continuity in 2011 -- 3.4 Target of MYP: Small and Medium Enterprises' Disaster Resilience -- 3.5 Implementation Steps of APEC BCP Project to Conduct Capacity Building and Enhance Network -- 3.6 Major Activities and Achievements by APEC Synergies -- 3.7 BCP's Linkage to the Whole Society Resilience -- 3.8 Conclusion: Steps for Moving Forward - To Enhance Digital Preparedness on Natural Hazards for Safer and Smarter Investment Environment -- References -- Chapter 4: Role of Regional Organizations for Enhancing Private Sector Involvement in Disaster Risk Reduction in Developing Asia -- 4.1 Introduction. , 4.2 Growth of Private Sector in Asia -- 4.3 Hazard Profile of Asia and Economic Impact -- 4.3.1 Asia as a Global Supply Chain Hub and Its Vulnerabilities -- 4.4 Regional Institutional Frameworks in Disaster Management in Asia -- 4.4.1 Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) -- 4.4.2 South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) -- 4.4.3 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) -- 4.5 Case Studies -- 4.5.1 Role of Private Sector and Regional Organization in Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004 -- 4.5.2 Role of Private Sector and ASEAN in Cyclone Nargis 2008 -- 4.6 Discussion -- 4.7 Regional Deliberations to Increase Private Sectors Role in Disaster Management -- 4.7.1 Increase Trans Border Collaboration and Enhance the Cooperation Among International, Regional, and National Organizations for Humanitarian Business Response -- 4.7.2 Guidelines for Private Sector to Engage in Disaster Management Focusing on National Level -- 4.7.3 Good Governance Mechanism to Boost Private Sector Involvement -- 4.7.4 Support Information and Knowledge Sharing Between Private Sector, Regional Organizations and Governments -- 4.7.5 Awareness Generation -- References -- Chapter 5: Experiences of Private Sector Involvement in DRR in Europe: Focus on Insurance -- 5.1 Background -- 5.2 The Rising Gap: Insured Losses Versus Economic Damages from Natural Hazards -- 5.3 Insurance Coverage in Europe -- 5.3.1 Need of Compulsory Natural Hazards Insurance System? -- 5.3.2 Is There Moral Hazard? -- 5.4 Potential of Integrating DRR in Insurance Schemes in Light of Climate Change -- 5.4.1 DRR in the Agricultural Sector -- 5.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Experiences of Africa: Status and Potentials -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Disaster Epidemiology in Africa -- 6.3 A Business Case for Disaster Risk Reduction in Africa. , 6.4 The Need for Private Sector in Disaster Risk Reduction -- 6.4.1 Business Continuity Management -- 6.4.2 Why Business Continuity -- 6.4.3 Importance of BCM in Africa -- 6.4.4 Role of Private Sector in DRR -- 6.4.5 Risk Transfer Mechanisms -- 6.4.6 Corporate Social Responsibility -- 6.5 Challenges and Opportunities in Building Public Private Partnership in Disaster Risk Reduction -- 6.5.1 Challenges -- 6.5.2 Future Opportunities -- 6.5.3 The Private Sector as Risk Creator -- 6.5.4 Promising Practices -- 6.5.4.1 The Pan African Institute for Development in Cameroon -- 6.5.4.2 Ingwebu Breweries' Contract Framing and Community Resilience in Zimbabwe -- 6.5.4.3 Business Adopt a Municipality (BAAM) Project in South Africa -- 6.5.4.4 Damco in Africa -- 6.5.4.5 Econet Mobile Telecommunications Transforms Rural Economies in Zimbabwe -- 6.5.4.6 Hunger Safety Net Programme in Northern Kenya -- 6.5.4.7 Tetrad Insurance Sees Potential in Vulnerable Rural Communities in Zimbabwe -- 6.6 Recommendations for Future Involvement of the Private Sector in Disaster Risk Reduction in Africa -- 6.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Elements to Enhance Private Sector Engagement in Disaster Risk Reduction in Central America -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Framework of the Private Sector's DRR Engagement -- 7.2.1 General Framework in Central American Countries -- 7.2.2 Approach to Disaster Risk Reduction in the Region -- 7.3 Case Study -- 7.3.1 Study Country -- 7.3.2 Interviews -- 7.3.3 Study Results -- Box 7.1 Program for Flood Risk Reduction in the Municipality of Rio Matina -- 7.3.4 Summary of the Study Results -- 7.4 Discussion -- 7.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: The Role of Micro Enterprises in Disaster Risk Reduction in India -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 What Are Micro Enterprises? -- 8.3 Case Study from India -- 8.3.1 Case of Gujarat State. , 8.3.2 Government Initiatives with Regard to Micro Enterprises -- 8.3.3 Micro Enterprise and Disasters -- 8.3.3.1 Jeevika Program in Kachch District of Gujarat -- 8.4 The Potential Role of Micro Enterprises in Disaster Risk Reduction -- 8.4.1 Mitigating Adverse Economic Impacts -- 8.4.2 Reducing Poverty -- 8.4.3 Social Stability and Equity -- 8.4.3.1 Mainstreaming of Marginalized and Vulnerable Groups -- 8.4.3.2 Economic Opportunities for Women -- 8.4.4 Business Continuity -- 8.4.5 Identifying Vulnerability -- 8.5 The Challenges for Micro-enterprises -- 8.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: Role of Private Sectors and BCP in Japan -- 9.1 About Japan -- 9.1.1 Prone to Disaster -- 9.1.2 Disaster History -- 9.1.3 Disaster Management Framework -- 9.2 Keep Society Resilient -- 9.2.1 Roles of Private Sector -- 9.2.2 Private Sector Preparedness -- 9.2.3 Business Continuity Management (BCM) -- 9.3 The Policy Framework for Business Continuity -- 9.3.1 Protect City of Tokyo from Mega Disaster -- 9.3.2 Government's Effort for BCP Promotion -- 9.3.3 Business Continuity Planning Status -- 9.4 The Great East Japan Earthquake (March 11) -- 9.4.1 Overview of the Event -- 9.4.2 Effectiveness of BCP -- 9.4.3 Lesson Learnt -- 9.5 Conclusion Towards Resilient Society -- References -- Chapter 10: District Continuity Intensification by Supporting a BCP for Construction Companies: A New Development Model in Japan -- 10.1 Instruction -- 10.2 Problems of the Construction Industry Regarding District Continuity -- 10.2.1 Concept of District Continuity -- 10.2.2 Problems of the Construction Industry Regarding District Continuity -- 10.3 Support for the Formulation of District Continuity in the Construction Industry -- 10.3.1 Development of a BCP Support System -- 10.3.1.1 Dissemination and Awareness Raising Activities at BCP Workshop in the Kagawa Construction Industry. , 10.3.1.2 Problems Encountered in the Workshop -- 10.4 Proposal for Improving District Continuity by Support of Formulating BCP in Construction Industry -- 10.5 DCP -- a New Way of District Development -- 10.6 Need for DCP Development -- 10.7 Contradiction Between BCP and DCP -- 10.8 Social Capacity and Tolerance of Interruptions of Continuity and Ideas for District Continuity Strategy -- 10.9 Formulation Guideline for District Continuity Plan in Kagawa -- 10.9.1 District Continuity Strategy (the Purpose of Kagawa DCP) and the Main Organization Bearing DCM -- 10.9.2 Conceivable Complications -- 10.9.3 Development of the District Continuity Countermeasure -- 10.9.3.1 Distribution and Access Function -- 10.9.3.1.1 Land Route -- 10.9.3.1.2 Air Route -- 10.9.3.1.3 Sea Route -- 10.9.3.2 Critical Location Function -- 10.9.3.3 Function of Sending and Receiving Rescue -- 10.9.3.4 Headquarter Function Regarding Recovery and Reconstruction -- 10.9.3.5 Lifeline Functions -- 10.9.3.6 Challenges in the Future for District Continuity Management -- 10.10 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: Cross-Sector Partnerships in Managing Disasters: Experiences from the United States -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Emergency and Crisis Management in the U.S.: A Brief Overview -- 11.3 Collaborative Emergency Management -- 11.4 Roles and Responsibilities of Private Organizations as Identified in Government Policies and Frameworks -- 11.5 Networks as Governance Tools in Managing Disasters and Crises -- 11.6 Future Directions of Cross-Sector Partnerships in Emergency Management in the US -- 11.7 Conclusion -- Appendix -- References -- Chapter 12: Public Private Partnership: Emerging Role of the Private Sector in Strengthening India's Disaster Resilience -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Private Sector as a Support System for the Indian Cities' Resilience. , 12.2.1 Economic Impact of Disasters on Private and Public Sector in India.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the Editors -- Chapter 1: Sustainable Development and Disaster Risk Reduction: Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 International Efforts: Parallel Processes -- 1.3 Importance of Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation -- 1.4 Structure of This Book -- References -- Chapter 2: Sustainable Development, Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Management -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Disaster Management and Dynamic Systems -- 2.2 Climate Change and Projected Impacts -- 2.2.1 Climate Change and Episodic Disaster Events -- 2.2.1.1 Flooding -- 2.2.1.2 Storm Events -- 2.2.1.3 Fire -- 2.2.1.4 Landslide -- 2.2.1.5 Drought and Extreme Heat -- 2.2.2 Non-disaster Climate Change Impacts -- 2.2.2.1 Public Health and Social Equity -- 2.2.2.2 Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems -- 2.3 Addressing Climate Impacts on Disaster Events -- 2.3.1 Preliminary Activities -- 2.3.1.1 Set Recovery Goals -- 2.3.1.2 Political Leadership -- 2.3.1.3 Establish a Team -- 2.3.1.4 Engage the Public -- 2.3.2 Risk Assessment -- 2.3.2.1 Hazards -- 2.3.2.2 Exposure and Vulnerability -- 2.3.3 Strategy Development -- 2.3.3.1 Adaptation Strategies Characteristics -- 2.3.3.2 Implementation -- 2.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Risk and Vulnerability -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Revisiting and Framing Risk -- 3.2.1 Disaster Risk -- 3.2.2 Risk from Climate Change -- 3.2.3 Risk from Environmental Degradation -- 3.2.4 Risk from Psychological Perspective -- 3.3 Dimensions of Human Vulnerability -- 3.3.1 Physical Vulnerability -- 3.3.2 Social Vulnerability -- 3.3.3 Psychological Vulnerability -- 3.4 Risk and Vulnerability Interaction -- 3.5 Role of Sustainable Development Approach in Reducing Risk and Addressing Vulnerability -- References. , Chapter 4: Building Urban Climate Resilience: Experiences from Vulnerability Assessment in Hue City, Viet Nam -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Why Resilience Approach -- 4.3 Vulnerability Assessment Methodologies -- 4.3.1 Engage Stakeholders and Define the Context -- 4.3.2 Define Key Urban Infrastructure/Ecosystem and Vulnerability Assessment Objectives -- 4.3.3 Conduct Current and Future Urban Climate Vulnerability Assessment -- 4.4 Results -- 4.5 Conclusions -- 4.6 Lessons Learned -- References -- Chapter 5: Climate Change Risks - Methodological Framework and Case Study of Damages from Extreme Events in Cambodia -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Methodological Framework -- 5.3 Climate Change Risks from Severe Storms in Cambodia -- 5.4 Damages from Storms and Cyclones -- 5.4.1 Assumptions Applied to Damage Assessments -- 5.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6: Food Security, Climate Change Adaptation, and Disaster Risk -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Facts About Hunger -- 6.3 Definition and Dimensions of Food Security -- 6.3.1 Defining Food Security -- 6.3.2 Dimensions of Food Security -- 6.3.2.1 Food Availability -- 6.3.2.2 Food Access -- 6.3.2.3 Food Utilization -- 6.3.2.4 Stability -- 6.4 Climate Change Affects Food Security -- 6.5 Climate Change, Food Security, and Disaster Risk Reduction Nexus -- 6.6 Role of Institutions for Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction to Ensure Food Security -- 6.7 Ensuring Food Security in a Changing Climate and Disaster Risk -- 6.7.1 Increasing Agricultural Productivity, Resilience, and Sustainability -- 6.7.2 Strengthening Disaster Risk Management -- 6.7.3 Enhancing Social Protection Schemes -- 6.7.4 Strengthening Resilient Community-Based Development -- 6.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Human Health as Precondition for Achieving Sustainable Development -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Revisiting Sustainable Development. , 7.3 Human Health in the Twenty-First Century -- 7.4 Sustainable Development and Human Health: Inter-­linkages and Gaps -- 7.4.1 Climate Change -- 7.4.2 Disaster Risk -- 7.4.3 Environmental Degradation -- 7.4.4 Societal Issues -- 7.4.5 Weak Policies -- 7.5 A Case of Good Practice on Health Issue Linked to Development -- 7.6 Conclusions and the Way Forward -- References -- Chapter 8: Ecosystem-Based Disaster Risk Reduction: Experiences, Challenges, and Opportunities in the Post-2015 Development Agenda -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.1.1 Linking Ecosystem Management, Disaster Risk Reduction, and Sustainable Development -- 8.2 Disaster Risk Reduction, Sustainable Development, and Ecosystem Management in the Post-2015 Development Agenda -- 8.2.1 Post-2015 Framework for DRR -- 8.2.2 Sustainable Development Goals -- 8.3 Ecosystem-Based Disaster Risk Reduction -- 8.3.1 Ecosystems and Disaster Risk Reduction: A Review -- 8.3.2 Experiences of Eco-DRR -- 8.3.2.1 Tools and Approaches in Eco-DRR -- 8.3.2.2 Eco-DRR Strategies -- Forest Management -- Protected Area Management -- Watershed Management -- Coastal Zone Management -- Mangrove Restoration and Rehabilitation -- Coral Restoration -- 8.3.2.3 Common Elements in Eco-DRR Initiatives -- 8.4 Challenges and Limits to Implementing Eco-DRR -- 8.4.1 Knowledge and Research -- 8.4.2 Institutions and Policy -- 8.5 Way Forward and Opportunities in the Post-2015 Development Agenda -- References -- Chapter 9: Access, Equity and Hazards: Highlighting a Socially Just and Ecologically Resilient Perspective on Water Resources -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Defining the Tri-focal Analytical Lens -- 9.3 Water Social Power and Equity Problematique -- 9.4 From Livelihoods and Health to Access to Satisfy Multiple Values -- 9.5 Destabilizing Normality: From Physical Hazards to the Hazards Approach -- 9.6 Conclusion and Identifying Gap. , References -- Chapter 10: Sustainable Development and Coastal Disasters: Linking Policies to Practices -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 The Significance of the World's Coast -- 10.3 Human Impact on the Coastal Areas -- 10.4 Environment, Development, and Disaster Linkages in Coastal Areas -- 10.5 Evolution of Integrated Coastal Zone Management Concepts -- 10.6 Framework for Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction and Sustainable Development of the Coasts -- 10.7 Way Forward -- References -- Chapter 11: Climate Change and Integrated Approach to Water Resource Management in the Murray-Darling Basin -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Background -- 11.3 International Movement for Water Management -- 11.4 The Basin Plan -- 11.5 Objectives -- 11.6 Methodology -- 11.7 Climate Change in Murray-Daring Basin of Australia -- 11.8 Major Actors and Water Reforms -- 11.9 Findings and Discussions -- 11.9.1 Problems of Traditional Governance Framework -- 11.9.2 Conflict in Water Resource Management -- 11.9.3 Integrated Approach and Climate Change -- 11.9.4 Federal System in Water Resource Management -- 11.9.5 Information Sharing -- 11.9.6 Process of Preparing the Basin Plan -- 11.9.7 Process of Negotiation -- 11.9.8 Sustainable Environment and Use of Water -- 11.10 Conclusion and Implications -- References -- Chapter 12: Vulnerability and Sustainable Development: Issues and Challenges from the Philippines' Agricultural and Water Sectors -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Impacts of Climate Change on Agricultural Sector -- 12.3 Impacts of Climate Change on Water Sector -- 12.4 Climate Change Vulnerability, Economic Growth and Sustainable Development: Issues and Challenges -- 12.5 Potential Adaptation Strategies of Agriculture and Water Sectors -- 12.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13: Community Based Approaches of Sustainable Development and Disaster Risk Reduction. , 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Case Examples from Community Perspectives -- 13.2.1 Kobe Bokomi -- 13.2.2 Mumbai ALM -- 13.2.3 Bangladesh CPP -- 13.2.4 Reihoku Forest Management -- 13.2.5 Ladakh Snow Water Harvesting -- 13.2.6 Sri Lanka Eco-village Recovery Approach -- 13.2.7 Natori Community FM and Recovery -- 13.2.8 Kesennuma ESD and DRR Linkage -- 13.2.9 Joint Mangroves Management in India -- 13.2.10 Indigenous Tank and Farming System in Sri Lanka -- 13.3 Discussion -- References -- Chapter 14: Education, Training, and Capacity Building for Sustainable Development -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Formal Disaster Risk Reduction Education -- 14.3 Non-formal Disaster Risk Reduction Education -- 14.4 The Role of Higher Education Institutions -- 14.5 Prospects of Disaster Risk Reduction Education Post-DESD -- References -- Chapter 15: Missing the Forests for the Trees? Assessing the Use of Impact Evaluations in Forestry Programmes -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Objectives -- 15.3 Impact Evaluations and Definitions -- 15.4 What Do Impact Evaluation Studies Show? -- 15.5 What Do Impact Evaluation Studies of Forest Adaptation Projects Not Show and Challenges -- 15.6 A Discussion of Some Ways Forward -- 15.7 Conclusions -- Annex I: Definition of Important Terms for Impact Evaluations -- Annex II: List of Studies, Locations, Interventions and Identification Methods Reviewed in this Chapter -- References -- Chapter 16: Integration of Indigenous Knowledge into Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) Policies for Sustainable Development: The Case of the Agta in Casiguran, Philippines -- 16.1 Introduction: The Value of Integrating Indigenous Knowledge in DRRM Policies and Plans of Local Governments for Sustainable Development -- 16.2 Methodology and Study Concept -- 16.2.1 Study Site -- 16.2.2 Conceptual Framework -- 16.2.3 Methods -- 16.3 Results. , 16.3.1 Agta's Indigenous Knowledge in DRRM.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the Editors -- Chapter 1: Introduction: Disaster Risk Reduction and Education System -- 1.1 Introduction: From Hyogo to Tohoku in Education -- 1.2 Education System and Disaster Resilience -- 1.2.1 Importance of Education System -- 1.2.2 Disaster Resilience of Education System -- 1.3 Education in HFA and SFDRR -- 1.3.1 Link Between Education and Key Issues in HFA -- 1.3.2 Link Between Education and Key Issues in SFDRR -- 1.3.3 Comparison Between HFA and SFDRR in Education -- 1.4 About the Book -- References -- Chapter 2: Governance of the Education Sector and Disaster Risk Reduction -- 2.1 Governance and Disaster Risk Reduction -- 2.2 Disaster Risk Governance in the Japanese Education Sector -- 2.2.1 MEXT in the National Disaster Governance Structure -- 2.2.2 School Safety in the National Education Strategy -- 2.2.3 Institutional Arrangement of School Safety in Japan -- 2.2.4 Plan on Promoting School Safety -- 2.2.5 Budget and Financing -- 2.3 Discussion and Conclusion -- 2.3.1 Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction -- 2.3.2 Advantage of Disaster Risk Governance in the Japanese Education Sector -- 2.3.3 Issues in Disaster Risk Governance in the Japanese Education Sector -- References -- Chapter 3: Local Governance and School Disaster Education -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Overview of Education Governance in Local Level in Japan -- 3.2.1 Education System -- 3.2.2 Education Administration: Roles of the Ministry, Board of Education, and Education Office -- 3.3 Governance in Prefecture: Case Example of Hyogo Prefecture -- 3.4 Governance in Municipality: Case Example of Kesennuma City, Miyagi Prefecture -- 3.5 Future Direction of Education Governance -- References -- Chapter 4: Disaster Prevention Education in the Japanese School Curricula in Recent Years: Current Status and Future Challenges. , 4.1 Urgent Issues in School Disaster Safety and Education for Disaster Risk Reduction to the Present -- 4.2 Treatment of Natural Disasters in the School Curricula -- 4.3 Formal Education and the School Curricula in Japan After the Great East Japan Earthquake -- 4.4 Japan´s Educational Reform and the Cultivation of ``The Zest for Living´´ -- 4.5 Challenges Facing Disaster-Prevention Education in Japanese Education -- 4.5.1 Challenges for Education in Japan from an International Comparative Perspective -- 4.5.2 Challenges Faced by Science Education in Japan Clarified After the Great East Japan Earthquake -- 4.6 Conclusion and Future Topics -- References -- Chapter 5: Schools, Teachers, and Training in Risk Reduction After the 2011 Tohoku Disaster -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Roles of Schools and Teachers During the Disaster -- 5.2.1 Okawa Elementary School Incident -- 5.3 Changing Policies and Practices After the 3.11 Disaster -- 5.3.1 National Government -- 5.3.2 Local Institutional Response in Miyagi Prefecture -- 5.4 Development of DRR: Preservice Training and Teacher-Training Institutions -- 5.4.1 DRR Education at College Level: A Case from Miyagi University of Education -- 5.4.2 In-Service Training -- 5.5 Discussion -- 5.6 Conclusions: Challenges and Outlook for Post-3.11 Teacher-Training in Japan -- References -- Chapter 6: Curriculum of Maiko High School in Kobe -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Education of the Environment and Disaster Mitigation Course -- 6.2.1 Concept of DRR Education -- 6.2.2 Setup -- 6.2.3 Curriculum -- 6.2.4 Cocurricular and Out-of-School Activities -- 6.3 Questionnaire Survey for Graduates -- 6.3.1 Outline of the Questionnaire Survey -- 6.3.2 Relationship of Present Job or Study with Disaster Management -- 6.3.3 Level of Involvement in Disaster-Related Activities After Graduation. , 6.3.4 Influence of the Course Contents to the Action After Graduation -- 6.4 Implication of the Survey´s Results -- 6.5 Education to Lead to the Active Involvement in Disaster Risk Management -- References -- Chapter 7: Community Linkages and Disaster Risk Reduction Education -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Case Example of Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture -- 7.2.1 Overview of Community-Based Disaster Management Organizations in Kobe City -- 7.2.2 Examples of BOKOMI Activities -- 7.2.3 Problems and Improvement of BOKOMI Activities -- 7.3 Case Examples of Other Cities in Japan -- 7.3.1 Case Example of Saijo City, Ehime Prefecture -- 7.3.2 Case Example of Kesennuma City, Miyagi Prefecture -- 7.4 Conclusion: Achieving Sustainability of Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction -- References -- Chapter 8: School Disaster Resilience Assessment: An Assessment Tool -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Overview of Kesennuma City -- 8.3 Application and Results of SDRA -- 8.3.1 Preparation and Application of SDRA -- 8.3.2 Results of SDRA -- 8.4 Process of Enhancing School Disaster Resilience -- 8.4.1 Proposing Activities for Enhancing School Disaster Resilience -- 8.4.2 Characteristics of Proposed Activities -- 8.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: Training Project in Higher Education: Regional Rehabilitation for Safer and More Secure Society in Fukushima Withou... -- 9.1 Background -- 9.2 Introduction of NIT-FC -- 9.3 Outline of This Project -- 9.4 Facilities for This Project -- 9.5 Education -- 9.5.1 Special Course for Regional Rehabilitation -- 9.5.2 Special Program for the Community -- 9.6 Research -- 9.7 Contribution to the Community -- 9.7.1 Measurement of Radiation -- 9.7.2 Regional Forum -- 9.8 Conclusion -- Chapter 10: International Cooperation: ESD and DRR in Japan -- 10.1 Trend of the Decade of Education for Sustainable Development. , 10.2 ESD Fosters Local and Global Cooperation by Establishing Network -- 10.3 UNESCO World Conference on ESD -- 10.3.1 Aichi-Nagoya Declaration on ESD at World Conference -- 10.3.2 Messages from Aichi-Nagoya Declaration -- 10.4 Global Action Programme (GAP) on ESD Beyond the DESD -- 10.4.1 Five Priority Action Areas of the Global Action Programme (GAP) -- 10.4.2 New Concept of DRR Education in the Context of Global Action Programme -- 10.5 International Cooperation Through World Conference on DRR -- 10.5.1 Sendai Declaration in World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction 2015 -- 10.5.2 Synergy of ESD and DRR Through Sendai Framework for DRR -- 10.5.3 International Cooperation Through Sendai Framework for DRR -- 10.6 Building ESD Consortium for Promoting ESD Post-2015 -- 10.6.1 Structure of ESD Consortium by MEXT -- 10.6.2 Establishing ESD Tohoku Consortium and Its Practice -- 10.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: Role of International NGOs in Education Sector Recovery in Japan -- 11.1 International Humanitarian Assistance for Disaster Response and Recovery -- 11.2 International Assistance for the 2011 GEJET Disaster in Japan -- 11.3 Role of INGOs to Support Education Recovery in the Areas Affected by the 2011 GEJET -- 11.3.1 Supporting Early Educational Recovery with the Boards of Education (BOE) -- 11.3.2 Donor Coordination -- 11.3.3 Provision of Flexible and Speedy Support to Emerging Needs -- 11.3.4 Supporting Children Holistically -- 11.3.5 Introduction of Child-Centered Support in Disaster Response and Recovery -- 11.4 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12: International Cooperation: Interventions in Enhancing Disaster Education in Turkey -- 12.1 Background -- 12.2 Revision of Disaster Education in Turkey -- 12.3 Issues of Disaster Education in the Formal Education System in Turkey -- 12.3.1 Overall Characteristics. , 12.3.2 Curriculum -- 12.3.3 Contents of Textbooks -- 12.3.4 Teaching Methodology -- 12.3.5 Training of Teachers -- 12.4 Ensuring Sustainability by Three-Dimensional Approach -- 12.4.1 System -- 12.4.2 Materials -- 12.4.3 Human Resources -- 12.5 Application of Japanese Experience in the Aspects of Applicability to Other Countries -- 12.5.1 Humanitarian Aspects as Part of Character Building Education -- 12.5.2 Enhancing Practical Competency Through Disaster Education -- 12.5.3 Attractive Methodology for Learners and Convincing Disaster Education for Learners to Take Actions -- 12.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13: International Cooperation: Grassroots Experience Sharing in Vietnam -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 DRR Education in Danang City Before the Intervention of SEEDS Asia -- 13.3 Hyogo Experiences in DRR Education -- 13.4 Practices of Technical Transfer on DRR Education in Danang -- 13.4.1 DRR Core Schools and Teachers´ Training System -- 13.4.2 Training of Trainers and DRR Classes -- 13.4.3 Teachers´ Guide for DRR Education -- 13.4.4 Japan Study Visit -- 13.5 NGOs´ Roles for Sustainable DRR Education -- 13.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 14: Future Perspectives of Disaster Resilience of Education System in Japan and Abroad -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Key Issues for Disaster Resilience of Education System -- 14.3 Essences and Suggestions on Enhancing Disaster Resilience of Education System -- 14.3.1 Curricula, Contents, Tools, and Materials for Disaster Education -- 14.3.2 Teacher Training -- 14.3.3 School-Community Linkage and Public Awareness -- 14.3.4 Budgeting and Investment -- 14.3.5 Multi-stakeholders´ Involvement and Technical Support by External Organizations -- 14.3.6 Sustainable Development and Disaster Risk Reduction -- 14.3.7 Governance System Among National, Prefectural, and Municipal Governments. , 14.3.8 SFDRR and the Key Issues on Disaster Resilience of Education System.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the Editors -- Part I: Overview of Disaster Risk Reduction -- Chapter 1: Introduction and Approaches of Disaster Risk Reduction in Pakistan -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Background and Progress of Disaster Risk Reduction Agenda -- 1.2.1 Creation of the United Nations Disaster Relief Office -- 1.2.2 International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (1990-1999) -- 1.2.3 International Strategy for Disaster Reduction -- 1.2.4 Millennium Development Goals -- 1.2.5 Hyogo Framework of Action (2005-2015) -- 1.3 Disasters in the Context of Pakistan -- 1.4 Disaster Risk Reduction Legislations and Institutional Set-up in Pakistan -- 1.4.1 National Calamity Act 1958 -- 1.4.2 UNISDR, HFA and Pakistan -- 1.4.3 National Disaster Management Ordinance -- 1.4.4 National Disaster Management Authority -- 1.4.5 Pakistan National Disaster Risk Management Framework -- 1.4.6 National Disaster Management Act -- 1.4.7 National Disaster Management Plan (2012-2022) -- 1.4.8 Disaster Risk Reduction and Partner Organizations -- 1.5 Disaster Risk Reduction Approaches in Pakistan -- 1.5.1 Disaster Mitigation -- 1.5.2 Disaster Preparedness -- 1.5.3 Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment -- 1.5.4 Cross-Sectoral and Multi-scale Approach -- 1.5.5 Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction -- 1.5.6 Building Codes and Land Use Regulations -- 1.5.7 Urban Risk Reduction -- 1.5.8 Establishment of Early Warning System -- 1.5.9 Emergency Response System -- 1.5.10 Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation -- 1.5.11 Early Recovery -- 1.6 Challenges in Disaster Risk Reduction -- 1.7 About the Book -- References -- Chapter 2: Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk: The Pakistan Context -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Overview of Hazard -- 2.3 Vulnerability and Assessment of Vulnerability -- 2.4 Concept and Background of Risk. , 2.5 Hazards Profile of Pakistan -- 2.5.1 Earthquake Hazard -- 2.5.2 Floods Hazards -- 2.5.3 Drought Hazard -- 2.5.4 Landslides -- 2.5.5 Glacial/Landslide Lake Out-Burst Flood (GLOF) -- 2.5.6 Cyclones -- 2.5.7 Heat Wave -- 2.6 Risk Assessment and Management -- 2.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Disaster Resilience: Generic Overview and Pakistan Context -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Concept and Definition of Disaster Resilience -- 3.3 Dimensions of Disaster Resilience -- 3.4 Disaster Resilience Indicators -- 3.5 Linkages of Disaster Resilience and Environmental System -- 3.6 Disaster Resilience and Climate Risk -- 3.7 Disaster Resilience and Sustainability -- 3.8 Rural and Urban Resilience -- 3.9 Building Disaster Resilience -- 3.10 How to Build Disaster Resilience in Pakistan? -- 3.10.1 Government and Disaster Resilience -- 3.10.2 Individuals and Disaster Resilience -- 3.10.3 Business Organization and Disaster Resilience -- 3.10.4 Community and Disaster Resilience -- 3.11 Key Disaster Resilience Issues in Pakistan -- 3.11.1 Strengthening Disaster Management Institutions at All Levels -- 3.11.2 Enhance Disaster Management System in the Pre, During and Post-disaster Periods -- 3.11.3 Mechanism for Assessment and Monitoring of Disaster Risks -- 3.11.4 Mechanism for Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction into Development Planning -- 3.11.5 Disaster Risk Reduction Through Building Resilience at All Levels -- 3.11.6 Multi-hazard Early Warning System -- 3.12 Disaster Resilience and Adaptive Strategies -- References -- Part II: Hazard, Risk Profiles and Mitigation in Pakistan -- Chapter 4: Flood Risk and Reduction Approaches in Pakistan -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Physical Settings of Pakistan -- 4.3 Types of Floods in Pakistan -- 4.3.1 River Floods -- 4.3.2 Flash Floods -- 4.4 Case Studies -- 4.4.1 Flash Flood in Rawalpindi Nullah Lai (Punjab Province). , 4.4.2 Flash Flood in Karachi and Thatta (Sindh Province) -- 4.4.3 Flash Flood in Rajanpur, Punjab -- 4.4.4 Flash Floods in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa -- 4.5 History of Flood Events in Pakistan -- 4.6 Causes of Floods -- 4.7 Flood Management Legislations and Institutions -- 4.7.1 National Calamity Act 1958 -- 4.7.2 UNISDR and HFA (2005-2015) -- 4.7.3 National Disaster Management Ordinance - 2006 -- 4.7.4 National Disaster Management Authority -- 4.7.5 National Disaster Management Act 2010 -- 4.7.6 Provincial Disaster Management Authority -- 4.7.7 District Disaster Management Authority/Unit -- 4.7.8 Federal Flood Commission -- 4.7.9 Pakistan Meteorology Department and Flood Forecasting Division -- 4.7.10 WAPDA -- 4.7.11 Provincial Irrigation and Drainage Authority -- 4.7.12 Other Players -- 4.8 Impacts of Floods -- 4.9 Flood Risk Reduction Approaches in Pakistan -- 4.9.1 Structural Measures -- 4.9.1.1 Channel Modification/Link Canal/Flood Relief Channels/Diversion Channel -- 4.9.1.2 Embankment and Spur/Dyke -- 4.9.1.3 Flood Water Reservoir -- 4.9.2 Non-structural Measures -- 4.9.2.1 Flood Forecasting and Early Warning -- 4.9.2.2 Flood Emergency Response System -- 4.9.2.3 Flood Abatement -- 4.9.2.4 Flood Insurance -- 4.9.2.5 Real-Time Flood Preparedness -- 4.9.2.6 Land Use Planning -- 4.9.2.7 Building Regulation -- 4.9.2.8 Flood Risk Mapping and Zoning -- 4.10 Flood Risk Management -- References -- Chapter 5: Earthquake Hazards and Risk Mitigation in Pakistan -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Earthquake Ground Shaking -- 5.3 Remote Sensing and GIS in Earthquake Hazard Assessment -- 5.4 Seismicity in Pakistan -- 5.5 Seismic Hazard Assessment -- 5.5.1 Deterministic Seismic Hazard Assessment (DSHA) -- 5.5.2 Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment (PSHA) -- 5.6 Administrative Setup for Disaster Risk Mitigation. , 5.7 Causes of Earthquake Induced Damages in Pakistan -- 5.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Tsunami Risk, Preparedness and Warning System in Pakistan -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Historical Tsunamis in the Region -- 6.3 Scenarios for Tsunami Risk Assessment -- 6.3.1 Characteristic Earthquake -- 6.3.2 Maximum Regional Earthquakes (Mmax) -- 6.3.3 Worst-Case Scenarios -- 6.3.4 Summary of Different Scenarios -- 6.4 Tsunami Preparedness for the Region -- 6.4.1 A Tsunami Warning System -- 6.4.2 Tsunami Infrastructures -- 6.4.2.1 Deep-Water Tsunami Gauges -- 6.4.2.2 Coastal Tsunami Gauges -- 6.4.2.3 Tsunami Inundation Maps -- 6.4.2.4 Tsunami Signage -- 6.4.3 Education -- 6.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 7: Drought Risk and Reduction Approaches in Pakistan -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Types of Drought -- 7.2.1 Meteorological Drought -- 7.2.2 Hydrological Drought -- 7.2.3 Agricultural Drought -- 7.3 Quantification of Drought -- 7.4 Factors Contributing to Drought Vulnerability -- 7.5 Drought in Pakistan -- 7.5.1 Drought Affected Areas in Pakistan -- 7.6 Adverse Effects of Drought in Pakistan -- 7.7 Drought Risk Reduction Measures in Pakistan -- 7.8 Recommendations for Drought Risk Reduction in Pakistan -- 7.8.1 Drought Control Plan -- 7.8.2 Controlling Wastage of Water -- 7.8.2.1 Flood Wastage -- 7.8.2.2 Seepage -- 7.8.3 Establishment of Special Purpose Regional Authorities -- 7.8.4 Integration of Hazard Education in the Curricula -- 7.8.5 Revitalization of Karez System and Check Dams -- 7.8.6 Coordination, Training and Research -- 7.8.7 Desalinization Plants -- 7.8.8 Short-Term Measures -- 7.8.9 Typical Post Disaster Assistance Needs -- 7.9 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Landslide Risk and Reduction Approaches in Pakistan -- 8.1 Introduction to Landslide -- 8.2 Landslides in Pakistan -- 8.3 Causes of Landslides in Pakistan. , 8.4 Impacts of Landslides in Pakistan -- 8.5 Landslide Risk Management in Pakistan -- 8.5.1 Bioengineering Methods -- 8.5.2 Soil Bio-engineering Methods -- 8.5.3 Biological Methods -- 8.5.4 Vegetated Soft Gabion Retaining Wall -- 8.5.5 Vegetated Timber Crib Wall -- 8.5.6 Vegetated Concrete Block Retaining Wall -- 8.5.7 Brushwood Retaining Wall -- 8.5.8 Vegetated Loose Stone Wall -- 8.5.9 Live Brush Check Dams -- 8.5.10 Palisade Check Dam -- 8.5.11 Vegetated Poles Check Dams -- 8.5.12 Grass Sowing and Tuft Planting -- 8.5.13 Horizontal Sodding Treatment -- 8.5.14 Brush Wattle -- 8.5.15 Brush Layering -- 8.5.16 Hedge Layering -- 8.5.17 Brushwood Fence -- 8.5.18 Semi-dead Fence -- 8.5.19 Live Hedges -- 8.5.20 Hedges of Farming Grasses -- 8.5.21 Dry Seeding -- 8.5.22 Hay Seeding -- 8.5.23 Narri (Arundo donax) Hedges -- 8.5.24 Mot Grass Hedges -- 8.5.25 Kana (Saccharum munja) Hedges -- 8.5.26 Vetiver Grass Hedges -- 8.5.27 Planting of Cuttings/Root Shoot Cuttings -- 8.5.28 Sowing of Tree Species -- 8.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: Desertification Risk Reduction Approaches in Pakistan -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Major Causes of Desertification in Pakistan -- 9.2.1 Deforestation -- 9.2.2 Poor Irrigation and Drainage Practices -- 9.2.3 Soil Erosion -- 9.2.4 Water Logging -- 9.2.5 Depletion of Soil Fertility and Negative Nutrient Balances -- 9.3 Desertification in Rain-Fed Areas -- 9.4 Desertification in Irrigated Lands -- 9.5 Desertification in Rangeland -- 9.6 Rolling Sandy Areas in Pakistan -- 9.7 Measures for Combating Desertification -- 9.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10: Sea Level Change, Causes and Impacts: A Case Study of Pakistan -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 The Mechanisms of Sea-Level Change -- 10.2.1 Tectonic and Isostatic Mechanism -- 10.2.2 Eustatic Mechanism -- 10.2.2.1 Thermal Expansion -- 10.2.2.2 Sedimentation. , 10.2.2.3 Glacio-Eustatic Mechanism.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the Editor -- Part I: Overview -- Chapter 1: Ten Years of Recovery Lessons from Indian Ocean Tsunami -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Some Observations and Current Research -- 1.2.1 Concept of Total and Psychosocial Recovery -- 1.2.2 Scope and Challenges of Disaster Diplomacy -- 1.2.3 Using Social Capital and Role of Civil Society in Disaster Recovery -- 1.2.4 Economic and Social Impacts -- 1.2.5 Focusing on Housing Issues -- 1.2.6 Capacity Development -- 1.2.7 Stakeholder Consultation, Community Participation and Governance -- 1.3 Key Issues and Recovery Lessons -- References -- Chapter 2: Institutional and Legal Arrangements and Its Impacts on Urban Issues in Post Indian Ocean Tsunami -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Background -- 2.3 Case Studies -- 2.3.1 Indonesia -- 2.3.2 Sri Lanka -- 2.3.3 India -- 2.3.4 Maldives -- 2.4 Commonalities in Initiatives and Implications for Future Disasters -- 2.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Environmental Recovery and Mangrove Conservation: Post Indian Ocean Tsunami Policy Responses in South and Southeast Asia -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Role of Coastal Forests in Hydrometeorological Disaster Risk Reduction -- 3.3 Role of Coastal Forest in Mitigating the Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004 -- 3.4 Occurrence and Threats on Mangroves of South & -- Southeast Asia -- 3.5 Impacts of Indian Ocean Tsunami on the Mangrove Forests -- 3.6 Post Tsunami Mangrove Recovery: Policy Implication in South & -- Southeast Asia -- 3.6.1 Indonesia -- 3.6.2 Sri Lanka -- 3.6.3 India -- 3.6.4 Thailand -- 3.7 Conclusion & -- Way Forward -- References -- Chapter 4: Lessons from the Recovery of the Education Sector After the Indian Ocean Tsunami -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Education Section Recovery -- 4.2.1 India -- 4.2.2 Indonesia -- 4.2.3 Maldives -- 4.2.4 Sri Lanka -- 4.2.5 Thailand. , 4.3 Similarities and Differences in Education Sector Recovery -- 4.3.1 Education Sector Recovery Coordination -- 4.3.2 Resumption of Classes -- 4.3.3 Repair, Reconstruction, and Relocation of School Buildings -- 4.3.4 School-Community Partnerships -- 4.3.5 Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction into the Curriculum -- 4.3.6 Recruitment and Training of Teachers -- 4.3.7 Reaching Out to the Most Disadvantaged Children -- 4.4 Ongoing Challenges -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System (IOTWS) -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Regional Tsunami Advisory Services Providers -- 5.3 End to End Early Warning System -- 5.4 Risk Assessment and Communications -- 5.5 Warning Dissemination -- 5.6 Community Interpretation and Response -- 5.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Post-tsunami Urban Recovery Process and Current Conditions in Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Indonesia -- 6.1 Significance of Comparative Study on Post-disaster Recovery -- 6.2 Social Contexts and Outline of Policy and Planning Conducted by Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Indonesia -- 6.2.1 Social Context and Post-tsunami Recovery Strategy in Sri Lanka -- 6.2.2 Social Context and Post-tsunami Recovery Strategy in Thailand -- 6.2.3 Social Context and Post-tsunami Recovery Strategy in Indonesia -- 6.3 Comparison of Recovery Process Using Recovery Curves for Housing Reconstruction -- 6.3.1 Method -- 6.3.2 Recovery Curves for Permanent Housing -- 6.3.3 Comparison of the Recovery Curves Between Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Indonesia -- 6.3.4 Future Discussion -- 6.4 Current Urban Recovery Situation in Areas Affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami -- 6.4.1 Post-tsunami Recovery Situation in Sri Lanka as of December 2012 -- 6.4.2 Post-tsunami Recovery Situation in Thailand as of October 2011 -- 6.4.3 Post-tsunami Recovery Situation in Indonesia as of February 2012. , 6.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Critical Factors for Sustainable Post-tsunami Resettlement: Cases from India and Sri Lanka -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Relocation Study and Stream -- 7.3 Impact of Indian Ocean Tsunami, 2004 -- 7.3.1 Cases of Sri Lanka -- 7.3.2 Cases of India -- 7.4 Methods of Survey -- 7.5 Results of Data Analysis -- 7.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Institutional Arrangements for Managing Large-Scale Recovery: Key Lessons from 2004 Tsunami -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.1.1 Importance of Institution in Recovery and Reconstruction -- 8.2 The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami -- 8.3 Approach and Institutional Arrangements for Recovery by Countries -- 8.3.1 India -- 8.3.2 Indonesia -- 8.3.3 Maldives -- 8.3.4 Sri Lanka -- 8.3.5 Thailand -- 8.4 Key Lessons for Institutional Arrangements for Recovery -- 8.4.1 Government Led Institutional Mechanism for Recovery -- 8.4.2 'Single-Window' Approach -- 8.4.3 Evolutionary Institutional Mechanism with In-Built Flexibility -- 8.4.4 Selecting Suitable Institutional Model -- 8.4.5 Putting the Best Team as Recovery Is Not Business as Usual -- 8.4.6 Political Support/Legal Authority for Recovery Agency -- 8.4.7 Exit Strategy for Recovery Institution -- 8.4.8 Leveraging Local Institutions -- 8.4.9 Institutional Mechanism at Local Level/Ground -- 8.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: When Is Too Much Money Worse Than Too Little? Giving, Aid, and Impact After the Indian Ocean Tsunami of 2004 -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Context -- 9.3 Questions of Quality and Quantity -- 9.4 Structural Elements and Practical Considerations -- 9.4.1 Asset Replacement and SWEDOW -- 9.4.2 Scaling Up and Elasticity -- 9.4.3 Competition -- 9.5 Non-institutional Donors -- 9.5.1 Refusing Funding -- 9.5.2 Proportionality -- 9.5.3 Unforced Accountability -- Unclear Communications -- 9.6 Discussion: Double Accountability. , 9.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10: Social Protection Ten-Years After the Tsunami: The Case of Indonesia and Thailand -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Theoretical Overview of Social Protection -- 10.3 Social Protections After Tsunami: The Case of Indonesia and Thailand -- 10.3.1 After Tsunami Social Protection Programs in Thailand -- 10.3.2 After Tsunami Social Protection Programs in Indonesia -- 10.4 Conclusion -- References -- Part II: Indonesia -- Chapter 11: Reform Amidst the Rubble -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Establishing the Agency with an Appropriate Legal Instrument -- 11.3 Institutional Design -- 11.4 Taking Charge -- 11.5 Coordination Is More Than Meetings -- 11.5.1 Concept Note Endorsement -- 11.5.2 Building the Map of the Who, What, When, Where, and How -- 11.5.3 The Integrated Team: Facilitation and Control -- 11.5.4 BRR Operations Support -- 11.5.5 Networks of Coordination -- 11.5.5.1 Coordinating with the United Nations -- 11.5.5.2 The Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies -- 11.5.5.3 Multi Donor Fund and RAN Trust Fund -- 11.5.5.4 Regularised Stakeholder Engagement -- 11.6 Testing the System -- 11.7 Epilogue -- References -- Chapter 12: Reconstruction Through External Support: Key Observation in Aceh -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Coordination of External Supports -- 12.3 Supply Driven Support -- 12.4 Quality or Speed -- 12.5 Reconstruction Support of Aceh -- 12.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13: Progress of Coastal Line Rehabilitation After the Indian Ocean Tsunami Around Banda Aceh Coasts -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Area of Observations -- 13.3 Morphology Dynamic Based on Spatial Analysis -- 13.4 Lessons Learned from the Coastal Recovery -- 13.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 14: Disaster Waste Management: Lessons Learnt from Banda Aceh, Indonesia -- 14.1 Understanding Disaster Waste Characteristics. , 14.2 Disasters and Debris -- 14.3 Tsunami-Generated Debris in Banda Aceh -- 14.3.1 Number of Buildings Destroyed -- 14.3.2 Estimating the Volume of Debris Generated by the Tsunami and Earthquake -- 14.4 Problems and Barriers Encountered in Banda Aceh -- 14.5 Lessons Learnt in Managing Disaster Wastes -- 14.5.1 Making a Long-Term Debris Management Plan -- 14.5.2 Considering Mutual Aid Arrangements -- 14.5.3 Implementing Recycling Programmes -- 14.5.4 Updating the City's Solid Waste Management Plan -- 14.5.5 Developing a Communication Strategy -- 14.5.6 Preparing for Increased Outreach and Enforcement Staffing Needs -- 14.5.7 Obtaining Equipment and Supplies -- 14.5.8 Selecting Collection and Storage Sites -- 14.5.9 Determining Management Options and Goals -- 14.5.10 Segregating Hazardous and Toxic Waste -- References -- Chapter 15: Community-Based Housing Reconstruction in Aceh, Indonesia -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Methodology -- 15.3 Why Participatory Method? -- 15.4 Housing Reconstruction in Aceh -- 15.4.1 Outline of Disaster and Housing Damage -- 15.4.2 Issues on Housing Reconstruction in Aceh -- 15.4.3 Building Standard and Perception of Beneficiaries -- 15.4.4 World Bank's Housing Reconstruction Project -- 15.4.5 Evaluation of Participatory Housing Reconstruction -- 15.5 Adaptation and Current Situations on Houses and Environment -- 15.6 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 16: Vulnerability Assessment and Retrofitting of Existing Buildings in Aceh and Transfer of Knowledge to the Community -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Retrofitting of Existing Vulnerable Buildings -- 16.3 Retrofitting Work in Aceh -- 16.3.1 Rationale on Need of Retrofitting of Existing Building -- 16.3.2 Vulnerability Assessment -- 16.3.3 Detail Assessment and Field Investigation -- 16.3.4 Structural Analysis and Capacity Analysis -- 16.3.5 Design of Retrofitting. , 16.3.6 Cost Analysis and Recommendation for Retrofitting Work.