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  • Scientific Societies  (4)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Integrated Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis Reveals that the Antimicrobial Griseofulvin Targets Didymella segeticola Beta-Tubulin to Control Tea Leaf Spot
    Scientific Societies ; 2023
    In:  Phytopathology® Vol. 113, No. 2 ( 2023-02), p. 194-205
    Details
    In: Phytopathology®, Scientific Societies, Vol. 113, No. 2 ( 2023-02), p. 194-205
    Abstract: Because effective control measures are lacking, tea leaf spot caused by Didymella segeticola results in huge tea ( Camellia sinensis) production losses on tea plantations in Guizhou Province, southwestern China. Screening for natural antimicrobial agents with higher control effects against this pathogen and studying their modes of action may contribute to disease management. Here, Penicillium griseofulvum-derived antimicrobial griseofulvin (GSF) can inhibit the hyphal growth of D. segeticola strain GZSQ-4, with a half-maximal effective concentration of 0.37 μg/ml in vitro and a higher curative efficacy at a lower dose of 25 μg/ml for detached tea twigs. GSF induces deformed and slightly curly hyphae with enlarged ends, with protoplasts agglutinated in the hyphae, and higher numbers of hyphal protuberances. GSF alters hyphal morphology and the subcellular structure's order. The integrated transcriptome and proteome data revealed that the transport of materials in cells, cellular movement, and mitosis were modulated by GSF. Molecular docking indicated that beta-tubulin was the most potent target of GSF, with a binding free energy of −13.59 kcal/mol, and microscale thermophoresis indicated that the dissociation constant (Kd) value of GSF binding to beta-tubulin 1, compared with beta-tubulin 2, was significantly lower. Thus, GSF potentially targets beta-tubulin 1 to disturb the chromosomal separation and fungal mitosis, thereby inhibiting hyphal growth.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-949X , 1943-7684
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-02-22-0061-R
    Language: English
    Publisher: Scientific Societies
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2037027-1
    SSG: 12
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    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals that the Antimicrobial Kasugamycin Potential Targets Nitrate Reductase in Didymella segeticola to Achieve Control of Tea Leaf Spot
    Scientific Societies ; 2022
    In:  Phytopathology® Vol. 112, No. 9 ( 2022-09), p. 1894-1906
    Details
    In: Phytopathology®, Scientific Societies, Vol. 112, No. 9 ( 2022-09), p. 1894-1906
    Abstract: Because of the lack of effective disease management measures, tea leaf spot—caused by the fungal phytopathogen Didymella segeticola (syn. Phoma segeticola)—is an important foliar disease. The important and widely used agricultural antimicrobial kasugamycin (Ksg), produced by the Gram-positive bacterium Streptomyces kasugaensis, effects high levels of control against crop diseases. The results of this study indicated that Ksg could inhibit the growth of D. segeticola hyphae in vitro with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC 50 ) of 141.18 μg ml −1 . Meanwhile, the curative effect in vivo on the pathogen in detached tea leaves also demonstrated that Ksg induced some morphological changes in organelles, septa, and cell walls as observed by optical microscopy and by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. This may indicate that Ksg disturbs biosynthesis of key metabolites, inhibiting hyphal growth. Integrated transcriptomic, proteomic, and bioinformatic analyses revealed that differentially expressed genes or differentially expressed proteins in D. segeticola hyphae in response to Ksg exposure were involved with metabolic processes and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Molecular docking studies indicated that Ksg may target nitrate reductase (NR), and microscale thermophoresis assay showed greater affinity with NR, potentially disturbing nitrogen assimilation and subsequent metabolism. The results indicated that Ksg inhibits the pathogen of tea leaf spot, D. segeticola, possibly by binding to NR, disturbing fungal metabolism, and inducing subsequent changes in hyphal growth and development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-949X , 1943-7684
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-11-21-0457-R
    Language: English
    Publisher: Scientific Societies
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2037027-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In Addition to Damaging the Plasma Membrane, Phenolic Monoterpenoid Carvacrol Can Bind to the Minor Groove of DNA of Phytopathogenic Fungi to Potentially Control Tea Leaf Spot Caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae
    Scientific Societies ; 2024
    In:  Phytopathology®
    Details
    In: Phytopathology®, Scientific Societies
    Abstract: Carvacrol expresses a wide range of biological activities, but the studies of its mechanisms focused on bacteria, mainly involving the destruction of the plasma membrane. In this study, carvacrol exhibited strong activities against several phytopathogenic fungi and demonstrated a novel antifungal mechanism against Lasiodiplodia theobromae. RNA sequencing indicated that many genes of L. theobromae hyphae were predominately induced by carvacrol, particularly those involved in replication and transcription. Hyperchromic, hypsochromic, and bathochromic effects in the UV-visible absorption spectrum were observed following titration of calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) and carvacrol, which indicated the formation of a DNA–carvacrol complex. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy indicated that the response of DNA to carvacrol was similar to that of 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) but different from that of ethidium bromide (EB), implying the ionic bonds between carvacrol and ctDNA. Fluorescence spectrum (FS) analysis indicated that carvacrol quenched the fluorescence of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) more than single-stranded DNA, indicating that carvacrol mainly bound to dsDNA. A displacement assay showed that carvacrol reduced the fluorescence intensity of the DNA–DAPI complex through competition with DAPI, but this did not occur for DNA–EB. The FS assay revealed that carvacrol bound to the AAA sequence on the minor groove of ds-oligonucleotides. The hydroxyl of carvacrol was verified to bind to ctDNA through a comparative test in which structural analogs of carvacrol, including thymol and 4-ethyl-1,2-dimethyl, were analyzed. The current study indicated carvacrol can destruct plasma membranes and bind to the minor groove of DNA, inhibiting fungal proliferation by disturbing the stability of dsDNA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-949X , 1943-7684
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-07-23-0263-R
    Language: English
    Publisher: Scientific Societies
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2037027-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Novel Sulfone Derivative Controls Lasiodiplodia theobromae in Tea Leaf Spot by Reducing the Ergosterol Content
    Scientific Societies ; 2021
    In:  Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® Vol. 34, No. 8 ( 2021-08), p. 922-938
    Details
    In: Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions®, Scientific Societies, Vol. 34, No. 8 ( 2021-08), p. 922-938
    Abstract: Diseases caused by fungi can affect the quality and yield of the leaves of tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze]. At present, the availability of highly effective and safe fungicides for controlling tea plants remains limite d. The objectives of this study were to identify novel compounds with antifungal activities and to determine their molecular mechanisms. A series of sulfone compounds containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole were evaluated in China for their antifungal activities against several pathogens causing foliar diseases and high production losses. Transcriptomics and bioinformatics were used to analyze the differentially expressed genes of Lasiodiplodia theobromae treated with a representative compound, jiahuangxianjunzuo (JHXJZ). Moreover, the effects of JHXJZ on ergosterol content, membrane permeability, cell structure, and seven key genes involved in the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway were investigated. JHXJZ had a strong antifungal activity against L. theobromae in vitro, with an effective concentration giving 50% inhibition of 3.54 ± 0.55 μg/ml, and its curative efficacies on detached tea leaves reached 41.78% at 100 μg/ml. JHXJZ upregulated 899 genes (P 〈 0.05) and downregulated 1,185 genes (P 〈 0.05) in L. theobromae. These genes were found to be associated with carbohydrate metabolic processes, which are closely related to steroid biosynthesis in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Because JHXJZ regulates the key genes of sterol biosynthesis, it decreased the ergosterol content, increased cell-membrane permeability, changed the cellular structure, enhanced the roughness of the surface of the hyphae, and resulted in degradation of the hyphal nuclei and necrosis of the hyphal cytoplasm. Our study demonstrates that JHXJZ is a fungicide with a novel mechanism of action that differs from that of triazole fungicides. JHXJZ has potential for applications in controlling tea plant diseases. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-0282 , 1943-7706
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1094/MPMI-12-20-0343-R
    Language: English
    Publisher: Scientific Societies
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2037108-1
    SSG: 12
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