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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Auxin Signaling and Transport Promote Susceptibility to the Root-Infecting Fungal Pathogen Fusarium oxysporum in Arabidopsis
    Scientific Societies ; 2011
    In:  Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® Vol. 24, No. 6 ( 2011-06), p. 733-748
    Details
    In: Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions®, Scientific Societies, Vol. 24, No. 6 ( 2011-06), p. 733-748
    Abstract: Fusarium oxysporum is a root-infecting fungal pathogen that causes wilt disease on a broad range of plant species, including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Currently, very little is known about the molecular or physiological processes that are activated in the host during infection and the roles these processes play in resistance and susceptibility to F. oxysporum. In this study, we analyzed global gene expression profiles of F. oxysporum-infected Arabidopsis plants. Genes involved in jasmonate biosynthesis as well as jasmonate-dependent defense were coordinately induced by F. oxysporum. Similarly, tryptophan pathway genes, including those involved in both indole-glucosinolate and auxin biosynthesis, were upregulated in both the leaves and the roots of inoculated plants. Analysis of plants expressing the DR5:GUS construct suggested that root auxin homeostasis was altered during F. oxysporum infection. However, Arabidopsis mutants with altered auxin and tryptophan-derived metabolites such as indole-glucosinolates and camalexin did not show an altered resistance to this pathogen. In contrast, several auxin-signaling mutants were more resistant to F. oxysporum. Chemical or genetic alteration of polar auxin transport also conferred increased pathogen resistance. Our results suggest that, similarly to many other pathogenic and nonpathogenic or beneficial soil organisms, F. oxysporum requires components of auxin signaling and transport to colonize the plant more effectively. Potential mechanisms of auxin signaling and transport-mediated F. oxysporum susceptibility are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-0282 , 1943-7706
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1094/MPMI-08-10-0194
    Language: English
    Publisher: Scientific Societies
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2037108-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Induction of Cell Death in Transgenic Plants Expressing a Fungal Glucose Oxidase
    Scientific Societies ; 1998
    In:  Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 1998-06), p. 555-562
    Details
    In: Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions®, Scientific Societies, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 1998-06), p. 555-562
    Abstract: Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) has been implicated in the induction of plant defense genes and programmed cell death. Expression of a chimeric fungal glucose oxidase (GO) gene driven by a pathogen- and wound-inducible promoter was evaluated in transgenic tobacco and canola as a possible tool for engineering plant cell death and defense gene induction. Expression of this gene under the control of a peroxidase gene promoter resulted in the accumulation of relatively low levels of H 2 O 2 in the young leaves of transgenic tobacco plants and this was not sufficient to cause any visible cell death and defense gene induction as measured by PR-1a mRNA induction. Older leaves of transgenic tobacco plants, however, exhibited visible necrotic lesions and constitutively expressed PR-1a mRNA when grown under high light conditions. Inoculation of cotyledons of control and transgenic canola with Leptosphaeria maculans resulted in rapid cotyledon senescence in the transgenic plants. Strong activators of the peroxidase promoter, i.e., wounding and inoculation of transgenic plants with Cercospora nicotianae, were not sufficient to trigger any additional visible cell death in transgenic tobacco plants, compared with controls. However, when exogenous glucose was supplied to transgenic tissue, massive cell death and PR-1a gene induction were observed in tobacco. Exogenously applied salicylic acid further increased the rate and extent of cell death. Our results suggest that efficacy of GO expression for the induction of cell death is restricted by glucose supply in the plants and are consistent with a role for salicylic acid in the potentiation of plant cell death by H 2 O 2 .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-0282 , 1943-7706
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1094/MPMI.1998.11.6.555
    Language: English
    Publisher: Scientific Societies
    Publication Date: 1998
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2037108-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Phylogenomic Analysis of a 55.1-kb 19-Gene Dataset Resolves a Monophyletic Fusarium that Includes the Fusarium solani Species Complex
    Scientific Societies ; 2021
    In:  Phytopathology® Vol. 111, No. 7 ( 2021-07), p. 1064-1079
    Details
    In: Phytopathology®, Scientific Societies, Vol. 111, No. 7 ( 2021-07), p. 1064-1079
    Abstract: Scientific communication is facilitated by a data-driven, scientifically sound taxonomy that considers the end-user’s needs and established successful practice. In 2013, the Fusarium community voiced near unanimous support for a concept of Fusarium that represented a clade comprising all agriculturally and clinically important Fusarium species, including the F. solani species complex (FSSC). Subsequently, this concept was challenged in 2015 by one research group who proposed dividing the genus Fusarium into seven genera, including the FSSC described as members of the genus Neocosmospora, with subsequent justification in 2018 based on claims that the 2013 concept of Fusarium is polyphyletic. Here, we test this claim and provide a phylogeny based on exonic nucleotide sequences of 19 orthologous protein-coding genes that strongly support the monophyly of Fusarium including the FSSC. We reassert the practical and scientific argument in support of a genus Fusarium that includes the FSSC and several other basal lineages, consistent with the longstanding use of this name among plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, students, and researchers with a stake in its taxonomy. In recognition of this monophyly, 40 species described as genus Neocosmospora were recombined in genus Fusarium, and nine others were renamed Fusarium. Here the global Fusarium community voices strong support for the inclusion of the FSSC in Fusarium, as it remains the best scientific, nomenclatural, and practical taxonomic option available.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-949X , 1943-7684
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-08-20-0330-LE
    Language: English
    Publisher: Scientific Societies
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2037027-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Novel Genes of Fusarium graminearum That Negatively Regulate Deoxynivalenol Production and Virulence
    Scientific Societies ; 2009
    In:  Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® Vol. 22, No. 12 ( 2009-12), p. 1588-1600
    Details
    In: Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions®, Scientific Societies, Vol. 22, No. 12 ( 2009-12), p. 1588-1600
    Abstract: Fusarium head blight of wheat, caused by Fusarium graminearum, is a serious disease resulting in both reduced yields and contamination of grain with trichothecene toxins, with severe consequences for mammalian health. Recently, we have identified several related amine compounds such as agmatine and putrescine that promote the production of high levels of trichothecene toxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON), in culture by F. graminearum and F. sporotrichioides. Here, a global analysis of fungal gene expression using the Affymetrix Fusarium GeneChip during culture under DON-inducing conditions compared with noninducing conditions is reported. Agmatine differentially regulated a large number of fungal genes, including both known and previously uncharacterized putative secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters. In silico prediction of binding sites for the transcriptional regulator (TRI6) controlling TRI gene expression and gene expression analysis in a TRI6 mutant of F. graminearum showed that three of the differentially regulated genes were under the control of TRI6. Gene knock-out mutations of two of these genes resulted in mutants with massively increased production of DON and increased aggressiveness toward wheat. Our results not only identify a novel mechanism of negative regulation of DON production and virulence in F. graminearum but also point out the potential of this pathogen to evolve with an ability to produce massively increased amounts of toxins and increased virulence.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-0282 , 1943-7706
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1094/MPMI-22-12-1588
    Language: English
    Publisher: Scientific Societies
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2037108-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Highly Conserved Effector in Fusarium oxysporum Is Required for Full Virulence on Arabidopsis
    Scientific Societies ; 2012
    In:  Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® Vol. 25, No. 2 ( 2012-02), p. 180-190
    Details
    In: Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions®, Scientific Societies, Vol. 25, No. 2 ( 2012-02), p. 180-190
    Abstract: Secreted-in-xylem (SIX) proteins of the vascular wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici are secreted during infection of tomato and function in virulence or avirulence. F. oxysporum formae speciales have specific host ranges but the roles of SIX proteins in diverse hosts are unknown. We identified homologs of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici SIX1, SIX4, SIX8, and SIX9 in the genome of Arabidopsis infecting isolate Fo5176. A SIX4 homolog (termed Fo5176-SIX4) differed from that of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol-SIX4) by only two amino acids, and its expression was induced during infection of Arabidopsis. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants constitutively expressing Fo5176-SIX4 had increased disease symptoms with Fo5176. Conversely, Fo5176-SIX4 gene knock-out mutants (Δsix4) had significantly reduced virulence on Arabidopsis, and this was associated with reduced fungal biomass and host jasmonate-mediated gene expression, the latter known to be essential for host symptom development. Full virulence was restored by complementation of Δsix4 mutants with either Fo5176-SIX4 or Fol-SIX4. Thus, Fo5176-SIX4 contributes quantitatively to virulence on Arabidopsis whereas, in tomato, Fol-SIX4 acts in host specificity as both an avirulence protein and a suppressor of other race-specific resistances. The strong sequence conservation for SIX4 in F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and Fo5176 suggests a recent common origin.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-0282 , 1943-7706
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1094/MPMI-08-11-0212
    Language: English
    Publisher: Scientific Societies
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2037108-1
    SSG: 12
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