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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Impact of Watershed Management on Bio-physical, Hydrological and Agricultural Indicators in the Lakkonda Watershed Project of East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India
    Sciencedomain International ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ( 2022-12-31), p. 1112-1125
    Details
    In: International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, Sciencedomain International, ( 2022-12-31), p. 1112-1125
    Abstract: The present study was taken up to evaluate the impact of the Lakkonda Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) watershed, East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh which was implemented during the period 2014-15 to 2020-21 under the Batch-V group with a treatable area of 4986 hectares covering seven micro watersheds. The impact of watershed interventions mainly on bio-physical, hydrological and agriculture indicators. The Land Use Land Cover (LULC), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) were assessed utilizing the Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System technique. The results indicated that the area under cropland and plantation increased by 92.95 ha (2.54%) and 154.08 ha (30.01%) respectively. The scrubland/fallow area was decreased by 269.42 ha (19.72%) which might be converted into plantations and cropland. The area under medium vegetation, 67.98 ha (3.93%) and dense vegetation, 441.51 ha (33.82%) increased, whereas other vegetation classes (nil and low) were substantially decreased. The water body areas also increased from 5.92 ha to 10.95 ha which might be due to rainwater harvesting and water conservation, structures undertaken in the project area. An increase in hydrological features like waterbodies and groundwater table was observed as indicated by the rise of the water table in dug wells(1.84m) and tube wells (0.57m). The cropping intensity raised to 120.82 from 100.19% resulting in a 20.61% increase in the study area, because of watershed management interventions mainly soil and water conservation methods and rainwater harvesting structures constructed during the project period and which shows increased productivity of major crops in the project area i.e., rice (26.64 to 79.03%) pulses (14.69to113.47%) cotton (73.30%) and cashew (167.76%) increased during the post-project period. The overall benefit-cost ratio of import crops was increased and among the observed crops high returns for the rupee invested were from the green gram.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2320-7035
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i242742
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Sciencedomain International
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Socio-economic Impact of Batch–V (2013-14) Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana Watersheds in West Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh
    Sciencedomain International ; 2023
    In:  Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology Vol. 41, No. 2 ( 2023-02-08), p. 1-12
    Details
    In: Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, Sciencedomain International, Vol. 41, No. 2 ( 2023-02-08), p. 1-12
    Abstract: The Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana(PMKSY) watershed development programimplemented in the west Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh influencesthe changes in the socio-economic conditions of people.In Ganapavaram, Lakshmi Narayana Devi Peta (LND Peta) and Alliveru mega watershed projects of West Godavari district as a part of the Entry Point Activities (EPAs) component,129 works are executed with an expenditure of Rs.68.65 lakhs which is 4.06 percentof the project cost in three project areas. Besides, underNatural Resource Management (NRM) component,413 works were executed with an expenditure of Rs.730.57 lakhs, which is 43.15 percent of the project cost in project areas and as a part of the PSI component, 856 implementswere supplied with an expenditure of Rs.77.67 lakhs, which is 4.59 percent of the project cost in the project areas.These watershed interventions, bring changes in the socio-economic conditions of people i.e., the average Illiteracy rate declined from 65.83% to 42.75%, safe drinking water supplies improved by 26.54%,the mean gross income of households increased by 58.65 percent, thenumber of person-days/yr/family in agriculture and non-agriculture-related activities during the projectimplementation period increased by 24.34% (31 person-days) and 19.71% (22person-days) respectively also increased theWage earningson an average by Rs.90/- (32.93%) per day for men from Rs.273/- to Rs.363/- and Rs.42/- (25.77%) per day for women from Rs.162/- to Rs.203/- during the project period.Due to the impacts of watershed management interventionsemployment and wage rates were increased, which helped in the reduction of migration from rural to urban areas by 28.18%.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2320-7027
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i21841
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Sciencedomain International
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Studies on Transmission of Phytoplasma in Sesame
    Sciencedomain International ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ( 2022-05-09), p. 136-143
    Details
    In: International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, Sciencedomain International, ( 2022-05-09), p. 136-143
    Abstract: The experiment was conducted to artificially transmit phytoplasma, the causal organism of sesame phyllody by mechanical sap inoculation and with insect vectors (Orosius albicinctus and Hishimonus phycitis). The experimental findings revealed that the phytoplasma could not be transmitted by sap inoculation. The mean transmission rate was found to be 54.67 per cent, with the highest rate of phyllody transmission (93.33%) observed in both treatments T8 and T9 with 3 insects/plant + 7 Days of Acquisition Feeding (DAF) + 5 Days of Inoculation Feeding (DIF) and 3 insects/plant + 7 DAF+ 7 DIF, respectively, while the lowest was observed in the treatment  T1 with 3 insects/plant + 3 DAF+ 3 DIF (13.3%) phyllody transmission from infected to healthy sesame plants. All the treatments were found to be statistically significant over control, however, the treatments T8 and T9 with three insects/plant and with acquisition feeding period of 7 days and inoculation feeding of 5 and 7 days, respectively were found to be at par with each other statistically.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2320-7035
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i1831065
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Sciencedomain International
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Emergence and Incidence of Coffee White Stemborer, Xylotrechus quadripes Chevrolat, 1863 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), under Different Rainfall Regimes across the Coffee-growing Regions of Karnataka, India
    Sciencedomain International ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environment and Climate Change ( 2022-09-08), p. 2199-2205
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, Sciencedomain International, ( 2022-09-08), p. 2199-2205
    Abstract: The coffee white stem borer (CWSB), Xyloterchus quadripes Chevrolat, 1863 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is one of the most destructive pests of arabica coffee in India. As coffee cultivation in India is mostly confined to the hilly tracts of the Western Ghats of the southern states and it is mainly grown in Kodagu, Chikmagalur and Hassan districts of Karnataka with varying rainfall patterns ranging from more than 3000 mm to less than 1000 mm. The study of the incidence of WSB and emergence of adults in relation to local weather conditions in the estates at different rainfall patterns in Karnataka [High( 〈 2500mm), Medium (2000 to 1000mm) and low( 〈 1000mm) rainfall areas] for two years (2016 and 2017). The emergence data and local weather parameters viz rainfall, relative humidity and temperature were correlated with adult emergence. The results indicated that the emergence of CWSB during the years 2016 and 2017 exhibited a significant positive correlation with maximum temperature and minimum temperature. While beetle emergence was negatively correlated with the quantity of rainfall and relative humidity across the six locations. From these observations, it is evident that the beetles required a higher temperature for their emergence and peak beetle emergence occurred during the middle of November in the winter flight season and during the end of April and the first fortnight of May in the summer flight periods. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that measured abiotic factors have significant effects on emergence of CWSB adults confirming results of correlation analysis. During the same period 2016-17, coffee plantations were surveyed randomly in all the three rainfall regimes to know the influence of annual rainfall on incidence of CWSB and the percent incidence was 10.81% at rainfall 〈 1000, 7.67% at medium rainfall and 6.16% at high rainfall areas and was non-significant across rainfall regimes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2581-8627
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2022/v12i1131213
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Sciencedomain International
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2617214-8
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  • 5
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    A Study on Farmer Perception on the Incorporation of Cotton Stubbles to Control the Pink Boll Worm Incidence
    Sciencedomain International ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environment and Climate Change ( 2022-10-22), p. 3321-3329
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, Sciencedomain International, ( 2022-10-22), p. 3321-3329
    Abstract: Incorporation of cotton stubbles into the soil after harvesting will help in reducing the pink boll worm incidence. The present study was conducted with an aim to determine the effectiveness and usefulness of incorporation of cotton stubbles into the soil by the farmers. A total of 120 respondents were randomly selected in Khammam district and interviewed using a structured questionnaire during the year 2020-21. Ex-post facto research design was employed for the present study. The study revealed that, majority of the cotton farmers (59.17 per cent) had low level of perception followed by medium and high perception 23.33 and 17.50 percent respectively on incorporation of cotton stubbles for management of PBW. Further among the 120 respondents, 68 respondents opined that increase in yields per acre increased after stubble incorporation where the incorporated stubbles acted as manure to the crop and 52 respondents opined that there was no increase in yield per acre. 75.83 percent of the respondents suggested non-availability of the implement as the major constraint followed by 72.50 percent of the respondents opined that shredder is used once in the crop period and will remain idle for the major part of the season as is the second most major constraint.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2581-8627
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2022/v12i111382
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Sciencedomain International
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2617214-8
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Assessment of Integrated Pest Management Modules against Fall Army Worm and Its Economic Impact in Maize
    Sciencedomain International ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Environment and Climate Change Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2023-09-11), p. 2842-2848
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, Sciencedomain International, Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2023-09-11), p. 2842-2848
    Abstract: Aim: The present study was undertaken to assess the IPM modules and their economic impact against Fall Armyworm in maize through on farm trail (OFT). Place and Duration of Study: The present study was carried out in the farmers’ fields of Bhadradri Kothagudem district of Telangana during Rabi 2019-20, 2020-21 and 2021-22. Methodology: The main objective of on farm trail is to test and evaluate the findings of the research stations at the farmer's field and to refine and modify the technologies, if required for better adoption by farmers. The KVK, Bhadradri Kothagudem conducted on farm trail for the management of fall armyworm in maize during Rabi 2019-20, 2020-21 and 2021-22, as part of technical programme of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bhadradri Kothagudem in KVK operational area of adopted villages. Results: In technology assessment plot (On farm trail) the treatments followed were avoiding staggered sowing of maize, installation of pheromone traps @ 8-10 per acre, clean cultivation, balanced application of fertilizers, erection of bird perches @10/acre, spraying of Azadiractin (1500ppm) to repel the egg laying and need based whorl application of Emamectin benzoate @ 0.5g/l and Metarrhizium anisopliae @ 5g/l of water, if more than8 adult moths were trapped in the pheromone trap for three consecutive days. It was compared with the farmers practice plots i.e application of Carbofuran 3G granules @ 3kg/acre and indiscriminate usage of fertilizers and insecticides. The experiment was conducted in five locations. The benefit cost ratio (BC Ratio) was higher in technology assessed plots with 2.78, 2.63 and 2.75 whereas BC ratio was comparatively lower in farmers practice plots with 2.43, 2:21 and 2.25 in corresponding Rabi 2019-20, 2020-21 and 2021-22 respectively.  Conclusion: Technology assessed package proved its effectiveness among maize farmers with increased net returns, lower per cent of FAW incidence and high yield and BC ratio compared to the farmers practiceduring Rabi 2019-20, 2020-21 and 2021-22, respectively. Hence, this on farm trial proved to be feasible for demonstration in wide scale to farming community of Bhadradri Kothagudem district.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2581-8627
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i102949
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Sciencedomain International
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2617214-8
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Anti-ulcer Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Alstonia scholaris Bark: An in vivo and in silico Approach
    Sciencedomain International ; 2022
    In:  Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences ( 2022-01-15), p. 14-32
    Details
    In: Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sciencedomain International, ( 2022-01-15), p. 14-32
    Abstract: Aims: The present research is focused on screening in vivo anti-ulcer activity using pylorus ligation and ethanol induced ulcer model.  Study Design: Fourty eight rats, randomly divided into eight groups, were used in this study. Bark of Alstonia scholaris were air-dried, ground into fine powder and used in the preparation of an ethanolic extract. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology, Osmania University, Hyderabad between December 2020 and September 2021. Methodology: Ethanol related ulcer was induced using 1 mL/kg b.w, p.o. Treated rats received ethanolic extract of Alstonia scholaris at various doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. Ulcer index, % ulcer protection were calculated and histological studies were conducted at 6 hr after pylorous ligation respectively. Results: Pharmacological estimations were done by means of 200 mg/kg, b.w. and 400 mg/kg, b.w. The total acidity and free acidity were decreased, pH was increased and ulcer index was decreased by Ethanolic extract of Alstonia scholaris (EEAS 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w., p.o.) in pylorus ligation model. Treatment with EEAS (200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. p.o.) has significantly decreased the ulcer index by ethanol induced ulcer model. To appreciate the ligand-binding attraction of the dynamic ingredients of the excerpt, docking trainings were accomplished for natural compounds against protein data bank (PDB) ID: 5A5N, PDB ID: 6Q2T, PDB ID: 7MBX, PDB ID: 2FV5. The results revealed that vanillic acid, venoterpine, loganetin, dibutyl phthalate, guaia-3,9- diene, 3,6-Bis[2-methylphenyl]-2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c] pyrrole-1,4- dione, 2H-1-Benzopyran- 2-one,7-acetyl-8-[acetyloxy]-4, n-hexadecanoic acid, stigmasterol, diospyrolide, D- Friedoolean-14-en-3-one, betulin, lupeol acetate, pentanoic acid and standard drug omeprazole had shown highest glide scores with all the selected proteins which indicate a stronger receptor-ligand binding affinity. Conclusion: From in vivo and in silico results it is evident that ethanolic bark extract of Alstonia scholaris possessed significant anti-ulcer activity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2457-0745
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.9734/ajrimps/2022/v11i130179
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Sciencedomain International
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Impact of NICRA on Cropping Pattern and Extent of Adoption of Climate Resilient Practices on Farmers
    Sciencedomain International ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environment and Climate Change ( 2022-11-15), p. 77-81
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, Sciencedomain International, ( 2022-11-15), p. 77-81
    Abstract: Agriculture is extremely vulnerable to climate change and short duration and higher temperatures eventually reduced yields of crops white encouraging weed and pest proliferation. the changes in precipitation patterns increase the likelihood of short- run crop failure and long run production decline Climate resilient technologies are promising tool to guard a farming system from climatic variations. National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) has demonstrated, and promoted application of climate resilient technologies in most vulnerable 100 districts. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Wyra received NICRA project in the year 2010- 2011 to 2110 - 2011. Many climate resilient technologies were briefed to the farmers in the selected villages.  The farmers distinguished the demonstrated technologies to the farmers were adopted with ease. Majority of the NICRA beneficiaries have high adoption to the climate resilient technologies while few of non beneficiaries adopted the technologies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2581-8627
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2022/v12i121440
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Sciencedomain International
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Validation and Feedback Analysis of Agromet Advisory Services in Khammam District of Telangana under KVK, Wyra
    Sciencedomain International ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environment and Climate Change ( 2022-06-01), p. 742-752
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, Sciencedomain International, ( 2022-06-01), p. 742-752
    Abstract: The success or failure of a crop is heavily depends on accumulation of received amount and intensity of rainfall mostly from southwest and northeast monsoon. Crop loss can be minimized by making adjustment through timely and accurate weather forecasting. Hence, there is necessity to validate the coming five days rainfall forecast analysis to determine the accuracy skill for managing strategic decisions by farmers. For validation of rainfall forecast qualitative and quantitative verification methods were adopted by India Meteorological Department, New Delhi. In these results, validation of qualitative and quantitative verification methods for southwest and northeast monsoon, 2021 indicated that high skill score for all ASD (agro sub divisional) level and moderate skill score for Khammam district level. A survey was conducted randomly for 230 farmers during year 2021-22 for reviewing effectiveness of agromet advisory services (AAS). The results indicated that most of farmers have been following AAS and checking weather forecast for post harvest operations like sowing / transplanting, harvesting / threshing, pesticide application, irrigation application, fertilizer application and other farm operations. It was observed from survey that 60.4 % of respondents rated AAS as highly satisfactory service. 
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2581-8627
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.9734/ijecc/2022/v12i1030860
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Sciencedomain International
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Temperature Trends at Madhira, Khammam District of Telangana State
    Sciencedomain International ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ( 2022-09-26), p. 221-232
    Details
    In: International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, Sciencedomain International, ( 2022-09-26), p. 221-232
    Abstract: Climate change is one of the most important global environmental challenges at global, national and regional level. The resultant global warming due to increase in temperature by 1.5°C in the near-term (2021-2040) can cause unavoidable increase in multiple climate hazards and present unknown challenges facing humanity with implications for food production, natural ecosystems, freshwater supply, health, etc. In this context, an analysis was carried out to identify trends in temperature over time series at Madhira, Khammam district in Telangana. In this trend analysis study, the annual average maximum temperature value of skewness was asymmetric and left skewed. The annual mean and maximum temperatures were significant with long-term increasing trend. In the pre monsoon season, maximum and mean temperature showed significant increase in trends in by all methods i.e., M-K (Mann – Kendall), Spearman's Rho and Linear regression tests. But minimum temperature showed non-significant increasing trend. Here interestingly, monsoon season showed non-significance increase in temperature trends in all three mentioned tests. The mean of monthly maximum temperature increased at a faster rate than the average and minimum temperature. The linear regression equation indicated positive slope and R2 was 27.0% of variability for mean annual temperature.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2320-7035
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.9734/ijpss/2022/v34i2331582
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Sciencedomain International
    Publication Date: 2022
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