Note: Front Cover -- Liquid Scintillation Counting: Recent Developments -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- List of Contributors -- CHAPTER 1. TOWARDS AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE SCINTILLATION PROCESS IN ORGANIC MOLECULAR SYSTEMS -- Introduction -- Organic crystals -- Scintillation response -- Fluorescence spectra and lifetimes -- Energy transfer -- Excimers -- Primary processes and internal conversion -- Triplet-triplet interaction -- Energy transfer and quenching in liquid scintillators -- Liquid scintillators -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- CHAPTER 2. A TRIPLE SAMPLE LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTER -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 3. A NEW LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTER FOR MEASUREMENT OF TRACE AMOUNTS OF 3H and 14C -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental Procedure -- Results and Discussion -- References -- CHAPTER 4. A LOW BACKGROUND LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTER FOR 14C -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Sources of Background -- Reduction of Cross Talk Ratio -- Description of Counter -- Coincidence System Circuit Description -- Setting up Procedure and Results -- Further Improvements -- Acknowledgements -- References -- CHAPTER 5. A STOCHASTIC MODEL OF THE LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING PROCESS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 6. LESSER PULSE HEIGHT ANALYSIS IN LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- CHAPTER 7. MEASUREMENT OF 125I, 131I and OTHER Y-EMITTING NUCLIDES BY LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING -- Effects of Sample Geometry on Counting Efficiency -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 8. SURFACTANTS BEHAVE AS SCINTILLATORS IN LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING -- Materials and Methods. , RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 9. SPARK COMBUSTION OF 3H AND 14C LABELED SAMPLES SUITABLE FOR LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Experimental -- Analytical Results -- Discussion and Summary -- References -- CHAPTER 10. AN ADVANCED AUTOMATIC SAMPLE OXIDIZER - NEW HORIZONS IN LIQUID SCINTILLATION SAMPLE PREPARATION -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- References -- CHAPTER 11. APPLICATION OF LIQUID SCINTILLATION SPECTROMETERS TO RADIOCARBON DATING -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Low-level countrate characteristics of L.S. spectrometers -- Relative Factor of Merit and Optimum Sample Size -- Long term performance of L.S. spectrometers -- 14C Counting:reproducibility of age determinations -- 14C Counting: reproducibility of background -- Measurement errors and 14C dating errors -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- CHAPTER 12. PURITY OF BENZENE SYNTHESISED FOR LIQUID SCINTILLATION C-14 DATING -- Abstract -- Introducation -- Purity of Benzene -- Experimental Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledqements -- References -- CHAPTER 13. THE PURITY OF COMMERCIAL LIQUID SCINTILLATION FLUORS AM THE EFFECTS OF IMPURITIES ON PERFORMANCE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHOD -- DISCUSSION -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 14. RECENT ADVANCES IN SAMPLE PREPARATION -- Solvents -- Scintillator -- Sample Vials -- Combustion Techniques -- Heterogeneous Systems -- PARTICLE SIZE AND EMULSION APPEARANCE -- Cerenkov Counting -- References -- CHAPTER 15. SUSPENSION COUNTING OF 14C IN SOIL, SOIL EXTRACTS AND PLANT MATERIALS BY LIQUID SCINTILLATION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES. , CHAPTER 16. TEFLON VIALS FOR LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING OF CARBON-14 SAMPLES -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Carbon-14 Counting -- Radiocarbon dating -- Design of Teflon vials -- Performance of Teflon vials -- Procedures used to increase Figure of Merit of Commercial Counters -- Significance of Standard and Background Count Rates to Radiocarbon Dating -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 17. Application of Glass Ampoules in the Assay of β-Radioactivity in Small Biological Samples -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 18. A DIRECT TECHNIQUE FOR COUNTING 14C AND 3H IN TISSUES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS -- DEVELOPMENT OF THE TECHNIQUE -- DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 19. QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF HORMONE METABOLITES AND GLYCOGEN BY USING LIQUID SCINTILLATION QUENCHING METHOD -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- Quantltation of various colour reactions -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 20. A COMPARISON OF PHOSPHOR SOLUTIONS FOR COUNTING AQUEOUS SAMPLES OF STEROID HORMONES -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results -- Acknowledgements -- References -- CHAPTER 21. SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENT OF FINENESS AND YELLOWNESS OF WOOL SAMPLES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 22. DATA PROCESSING FOR A MULTI-USER SYSTEM WITH A SMALL ONLINE COMPUTER -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- RESULTS ARE EXTRAPOLATED -- References -- CHAPTER 23. PLUTONIUM ANALYSIS BY LIQUID SCINTILLATION TECHNIQUES -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- References. , CHAPTER 24. RADIOIMMUNOASSAY MEASUREMENT OF THE SECRETION AND EXCRETION RATES OF ALDOSTERONE IN THE GUINEA PIG -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 25. COMMENTS ON ASPECTS OF ABSOLUTE ACTIVITY MEASUREMENTS OBTAINED BY LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXTRAPOLATION METHODS -- 3. THE PROBLEM OF ZERO RESPONSE PROBABILITY -- 4. PROBLEMS WITH USING CERTIFIED STANDARDS -- 5. COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF SYSTEMS USED FOR ABSOLUTE COUNTING -- 6. REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 26. MODERN TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS IN CERENKOV COUNTING -- ABSTRACT -- Introduction -- Applications -- Dual Tracer Studies -- References -- CHAPTER 27. BIOLUMINESCENCE MEASUREMENTS : FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS, ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS AND PROSPECTS -- INTRODUCTION -- BACTERIAL LUMINESCENCE -- FIREFLY LUMINESCENCE -- ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS OF BIOLUMINESCENCE -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 28. BACTERIAL BIOLUMINESCENCE AND ITS APPLICATION TO ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL METHODS -- RESULTS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 29. USE OF BIOLUMINESCENCE PROCEDURES AND LIQUID SCINTILLATION SPECTROMETERS FOR MEASURING VERY SMALL AMOUNTS OF ENZYMES AND METABOLITES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 30. CHOICE OF COUNTING VIAL FOR LIQUID SCINTILLATION: A REVIEW -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- HISTORY -- GLASS COUNTING VIALS -- SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- CHAPTER 31. WORKSHOP SESSION -- CHAPTER 32. CLOSING REMARKS -- SUBJECT INDEX.