Note: Front Cover -- Experimental Methods in the Physical Sciences -- Optical Radiometry for Ocean Climate Measurements -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Volumes in Series -- Foreword -- Preface -- Chapter 1 - Introduction to Optical Radiometry and Ocean Climate Measurements from Space -- Chapter 1.1 - Ocean Climate and Satellite Optical Radiometry -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. GLOBAL CLIMATE OBSERVING SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS FOR ECVS AND CDRS -- 3. FROM ESSENTIAL CLIMATE VARIABLES TO CLIMATE DATA RECORDS -- 4. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 1.2 - Principles of Optical Radiometry and Measurement Uncertainty -- 1. BASICS OF RADIOMETRY -- 2. RADIOMETRIC STANDARDS AND SCALE REALIZATIONS -- 3. THE MEASUREMENT EQUATION -- 4. SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 - Satellite Radiometry -- Chapter 2.1 - Satellite Ocean Color Sensor Design Concepts and Performance Requirements -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. OCEAN COLOR MEASUREMENT FUNDAMENTALS AND RELATED SCIENCE OBJECTIVES -- 3. EVOLUTION OF SCIENCE OBJECTIVES AND SENSOR REQUIREMENTS -- 4. PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS AND SPECIFICATIONS -- 5. SENSOR ENGINEERING -- 6. SUMMARY -- ACRONYMS -- SYMBOLS AND DIMENSIONS -- 7. APPENDIX. HISTORICAL SENSORS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2.2 - On Orbit Calibration of Ocean Color Reflective Solar Bands -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SOLAR CALIBRATION -- 3. LUNAR CALIBRATIONS -- 4. SPECTRAL CALIBRATION OF GRATING INSTRUMENTS -- 5. VICARIOUS CALIBRATION -- 6. ON-ORBIT CALIBRATION UNCERTAINTIES -- 7. COMPARISON OF UNCERTAINTIES ACROSS INSTRUMENTS -- 8. SUMMARY OF ON-ORBIT CALIBRATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2.3 - Thermal Infrared Satellite Radiometers: Design and Prelaunch Characterization -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. RADIOMETER DESIGN PRINCIPLES -- 3. REMOTE SENSING SYSTEMS -- 4. CALIBRATION MODEL -- 5. ON-BOARD CALIBRATION. , 6. PRE-LAUNCH CHARACTERIZATION AND CALIBRATION -- 7. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2.4 - Postlaunch Calibration and Stability: Thermal Infrared Satellite Radiometers -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. ON-BOARD CALIBRATION -- 3. COMPARISONS WITH REFERENCE SATELLITE SENSORS -- 4. VALIDATING GEOPHYSICAL RETRIEVALS -- 5. DISCUSSION -- 6. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 - In Situ Optical Radiometry -- Chapter 3.1 - In situ Optical Radiometry in the Visible and Near Infrared -- 1. INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY -- 2. FIELD RADIOMETER SYSTEMS -- 3. SYSTEM CALIBRATION -- 4. MEASUREMENT METHODS -- 5. ERRORS AND UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATES -- 6. APPLICATIONS -- 7. SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3.2 - Ship-Borne Thermal Infrared Radiometer Systems -- 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND -- 2. TIR MEASUREMENT THEORY -- 3. TIR FIELD RADIOMETER DESIGN -- 4. EXAMPLES OF FRM SHIP-BORNE TIR RADIOMETER DESIGN AND DEPLOYMENTS -- 5. FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- 6. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 - Theoretical Investigations -- Chapter 4.1 - Simulation of In Situ Visible Radiometric Measurements -- 1. OVERVIEW -- 2. THE RTE AND ITS SOLUTION METHODS -- 3. SIMULATIONS OF IN SITU RADIOMETRIC MEASUREMENT PERTURBATIONS -- 4. SUMMARY AND REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4.2 - Simulation of Satellite Visible, Near-Infrared, and Shortwave-Infrared Measurements -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. OCEAN-ATMOSPHERIC SYSTEM -- 3. SIMULATIONS -- 4. SUMMARY -- DISCLAIMER -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4.3 - Simulation and Inversion of Satellite Thermal Measurements -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. RADIATIVE TRANSFER SIMULATION FOR THERMAL REMOTE SENSING -- 3. PROPAGATION OF THERMAL RADIATION THROUGH CLEAR SKY -- 4. SIMULATION OF INTERACTION WITH AEROSOL AND CLOUD -- 5. SIMULATION OF SURFACE EMISSION AND REFLECTION -- 6. USE OF SIMULATIONS IN THERMAL IMAGE CLASSIFICATION (CLOUD DETECTION). , 7. USE OF SIMULATIONS IN GEOPHYSICAL INVERSION (RETRIEVAL) -- 8. USE OF SIMULATIONS IN UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATION -- 9. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 - In Situ Measurement Strategies -- Chapter 5.1 - Requirements and Strategies for In situ Radiometry in Support of Satellite Ocean Color -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. OVERVIEW OF PAST AND CURRENT FIELD-RELATED RADIOMETRIC ACTIVITIES -- 3. REQUIREMENTS AND STRATEGIES FOR FUTURE SATELLITE OCEAN-COLOR MISSIONS -- 4. SUMMARY AND WAY FORWARD -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5.2 - Strategies for the Laboratory and Field Deployment of Ship-Borne Fiducial Reference Thermal Infrared Radiomet ... -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. FIDUCIAL REFERENCE MEASUREMENTS FOR SST CDRS AND UNCERTAINTY BUDGETS -- 3. LABORATORY INTERCALIBRATION EXPERIMENTS FOR FRM SHIP-BORNE RADIOMETERS -- 4. SHIP-BORNE RADIOMETER FIELD INTERCOMPARISON EXERCISES -- 5. PROTOCOLS TO MAINTAIN THE SI TRACEABILITY OF FRM SHIP-BORNE TIR RADIOMETERS FOR SATELLITE SST VALIDATION -- 6. SUMMARY AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 - Assessment of Satellite Products for Climate Applications -- Chapter 6.1 - Assessment of Satellite Ocean Colour Radiometry and Derived Geophysical Products -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. VALIDATION OF SATELLITE PRODUCTS -- 3. COMPARISON OF CROSS-MISSION DATA PRODUCTS -- 4. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6.2 - Assessment of Long-Term Satellite Derived Sea Surface Temperature Records -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. BACKGROUND -- 3. ASSESSMENT OF LONG-TERM SST DATASETS -- 4. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- Index.